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RH12402 - The VI Editor

Version : 2024.01

Last update : 2024/11/04 10:55

RH12402 - The VI Editor

Module content

RH12402 - The VI Editor
- Module content
- Presentation
- LAB #1 - Creating, opening and closing files
  - 1.1 - Commands
  - 1.2 - Creating a new file with VI
  - 1.3 - Open a file in read-only mode with the view command
  - 1.4 - Opening a file in read-write mode with the vi command
- LAB #2 - The set command
  - 2.1 - Commands
  - 2.2 - Enabling line numbering with the set command
- LAB #3 - Moving within a File
  - 3.1 - Commands
- LAB #4 - Inserting Text
  - 4.1 - Commands
  - 4.2 - Inserting text
- LAB #5 - Text Search
  - 5.1 - Commands
  - 5.2 - Finding and replacing text
- LAB #6 - Deleting Text
  - 6.1 - Commands
  - 6.2 - Deleting Lines
- LAB #7 - Copy, Cut and Paste
  - 7.1 - Commands
  - 7.2 - Copying, Cutting and Pasting Text
- LAB #8 - Configuring a Personal VI Interface

Présentation

VI is a powerful text editor with three modes:

Command
Ex-mode
Insert

In command mode, you can enter commands such as i to insert text.

In Ex-Mode, most VI commands are preceded by the : key, for example :q to quit.

In insert mode, you can:

edit text,
add text
search for text
copy text
paste text
cut text,
replace text.

LAB #1 - Create, open and close files

.1 - Commands

Command	Description
vi fileName	Open or create a file
vi	Opening a new file
vi -r filename	Recovering a file after a failure
view filename	Open a file in read-only mode
:wq	Exit by saving and changing the modification date
ZZ	The same as :wq
:x	Exit by saving without modifying the modification date if the file has not been modified
:q	Exit if the file has not been modified or if the view command has been used
u	Undo last command
U	Undo changes made to current line.
:q!	Exit without saving

.2 - Creating a new file with VI

Copy the 25 lines below:

This is line 1
This is line 2
This is line 3
This is line 4
This is line 5
This is line 6
This is line 7
This is line 8
This is line 9
This is line 10
This is line 11
This is line 12
This is line 13
This is line 14
This is line 15
This is line 16
This is line 17
This is line 18
This is line 19
This is line 20
This is line 21
This is line 22
This is line 23
This is line 24
This is line 25

Create a new file called vitext using the vi command:

[root@redhat9 inode]# exit
logout
[trainee@redhat9 /]$ cd ~
[trainee@redhat9 ~]$ vi vitext

To do - Press the i key on your keyboard to switch to insert mode. Click the middle button (the wheel) of your mouse to paste lines 1 to 25 into the file. Then use the Escape key to switch to Command mode. Press the : key followed by the X key to save and exit VI.

====.3 - Opening a file in read-only mode with the view==== command

Now open the file /home/trainee/vitext in read-only mode:

[trainee@redhat9 ~]$ view vitext

You will get a result similar to this one:

This is line 1
This is line 2
This is line 3
This is line 4
This is line 5
This is line 6
This is line 7
This is line 8
This is line 9
This is line 10
This is line 11
This is line 12
This is line 13
This is line 14
This is line 15
This is line 16
This is line 17
This is line 18
This is line 19
This is line 20
This is line 21
This is line 22
This is line 23
This is line 24
This is line 25
~ 
‘vitext [readonly] 25L, 391B 1,14 All

Warning: Make sure you only see the first 25 lines of this file.

Important: Note that the last line is marked [readonly].

====.4 - Opening a file in read-write mode with the vi==== command

Exit view with the :q command and open the /home/trainee/vitext file in read-write mode:

[trainee@redhat9 ~]$ vi vitext

You will get a result similar to this one:

This is line 1
This is line 2
This is line 3
This is line 4
This is line 5
This is line 6
This is line 7
This is line 8
This is line 9
This is line 10
This is line 11
This is line 12
This is line 13
This is line 14
This is line 15
This is line 16
This is line 17
This is line 18
This is line 19
This is line 20
This is line 21
This is line 22
This is line 23
This is line 24
This is line 25
~ 
‘vitext 25L, 391B 1,14 All

Important: Note that vi is run in Command mode.

=====LAB #2 - The set===== command

2.1 - Commands

Command	Description
:set nu	Display line numbering
:set number	Display line numbering
:set nonu	Suppress line numbering
:set nonumber	Suppress line numbering
:set ic	Search without regard to case

:set noic | Search case sensitive |

====2.2 - Enable line numbering with the set==== command

Activate line numbering with the :set nu command or the :set number command. You will obtain a result similar to the following:

1 This is line 1
2 This is line 2
3 This is line 3
4 This is line 4
5 This is line 5
6 This is line 6
7 This is line 7
8 This is line 8
9 This is line 9
10 This is line 10
11 This is line 11
12 This is line 12
13 This is line 13
14 This is line 14
15 This is line 15
16 This is line 16
17 This is line 17
18 This is line 18
19 This is line 19
20 This is line 20
21 This is line 21
22 This is line 22
23 This is line 23
24 This is line 24
25 This is line 25
~ 
:set nu 1,14 All

LAB #3 - Moving within a file

3.1 - Commands

Command	Description
h or `←` or `Backspace`	Move cursor one character to the left
j or `↓` or `↵ Enter`	Move cursor one line down
k or `↑`	Move cursor one line up
l or `→` or `Spacebar`	Move cursor one character to the right

Move cursor one character to the right | b | Move cursor one word to the left |

Moves cursor one word to the right

Move cursor to end of current word

Move cursor one word to the right

Moves cursor to middle of screen

Moves cursor to bottom of screen

Move cursor to bottom of screen | G or :$ | Move cursor to last line of file |

G or :0	Move cursor to first line of file	G or :$	Move cursor to last line of file	G or :0
27G	Move cursor to line 27

Ctrl+b

Scroll back one page

Ctrl+u

To do: Test each command to see the results. Then return to the first screen and position your cursor at the beginning of line 13.

Important: To find out why the H, J, K and L keys are used as a directional pad, see this page.

LAB #4 - Text insertion

4.1 - Commands

Key(s)	Description
i	Insert text before cursor
Insert text at beginning of line	a
Insert text after cursor	A	Insert text before cursor	I	Insert text at beginning of line	I

Insert text at end of line | O | Insert text at beginning of line | I | Insert text at beginning of line | I | Insert text at beginning of line |

Insert text after cursor	A	Insert text at end of line	O	Insert line after current line
Insertion of a line before the current line
R	Replace existing text
`Echap`	Switch from Insert mode to Command mode

4.2 - Inserting text

Insert a line below the current line using the o command. Note that you are now in Insert mode. Then type Linux is super. You will get a result similar to this one:

1 This is line 1
2 This is line 2
3 This is line 3
4 This is line 4
5 This is line 5
6 This is line 6
7 This is line 7
8 This is line 8
9 This is line 9
10 This is line 10
11 This is line 11
12 This is line 12
13 This is line 13
14 Linux is super
15 This is line 14
16 This is line 15
17 This is line 16
18 This is line 17
19 This is line 18
20 This is line 19
21 This is line 20
22 This is line 21
23 This is line 22
24 This is line 23
25 This is line 24
-- INSERT -- 14,15 Top

Warning - Do not change the size of your terminal. You should ONLY view the first 25 lines.

Now switch to Command mode by pressing the Escape key, then position yourself on the last line of the screen using the L command. Go to the end of the line in Insert mode using the A command and enter the phrase Linux is super again. You'll get a result similar to this one:

1 This is line 1
2 This is line 2
3 This is line 3
4 This is line 4
5 This is line 5
6 This is line 6
7 This is line 7
8 This is line 8
9 This is line 9
10 This is line 10
11 This is line 11
12 This is line 12
13 This is line 13
14 Linux is super
15 This is line 14
16 This is line 15
17 This is line 16
18 This is line 17
19 This is line 18
20 This is line 19
21 This is line 20
22 This is line 21
23 This is line 22
24 This is line 23
25 This is line 24
26 This is line 25Linux is super
-- INSERT -- 26,30 All

Now switch to Command mode by pressing the Escape key, then position yourself at the start of the first line of the screen using the H command. Position yourself at the fourth word using the w command three times. Switch to Insert mode using the i command, then type the phrase Linux is super again. You will get a result similar to this one:

1 This is line Linux is super1
2 This is line 2
3 This is line 3
4 This is line 4
5 This is line 5
6 This is line 6
7 This is line 7
8 This is line 8
9 This is line 9
10 This is line 10
11 This is line 11
12 This is line 12
13 This is line 13
14 Linux is super
15 This is line 14
16 This is line 15
17 This is line 16
18 This is line 17
19 This is line 18
20 This is line 19
21 This is line 20
22 This is line 21
23 This is line 22
24 This is line 23
25 This is line 24
26 This is line 25Linux is super
-- INSERT -- 1,27 All

Now switch to Command mode by pressing the Escape key, then move to the beginning of the first line of the screen using the H command.

LAB #5 - Text search

5.1 - Commands

Key(s)	Description
/ string	Search string downwards
//	Search for the next occurrence down from the last search
Search for string up
Search for the next occurrence up from the last search
Search for the next occurrence of string in the direction of the search
Search for the previous occurrence of string in the direction of the search

1 This is line Linux is super1
2 This is line 2
3 This is line 3
4 This is line 4
5 This is line 5
6 This is line 6
7 This is line 7
8 This is line 8
9 This is line 9
10 This is line 10
11 This is line 11
12 This is line 12
13 This is line 13
14 Linux is super
15 This is line 14
16 This is line 15
17 This is line 16
18 This is line 17
19 This is line 18
20 This is line 19
21 This is line 20
22 This is line 21
23 This is line 22
24 This is line 23
25 This is line 24
26 This is line 25Linux is super
:g/super/s//wonderful/g

1 This is line Linux is wonderful1
2 This is line 2
3 This is line 3
4 This is line 4
5 This is line 5
6 This is line 6
7 This is line 7
8 This is line 8
9 This is line 9
10 This is line 10
11 This is line 11
12 This is line 12
13 This is line 13
14 Linux is wonderful
15 This is line 14
16 This is line 15
17 This is line 16
18 This is line 17
19 This is line 18
20 This is line 19
21 This is line 20
22 This is line 21
23 This is line 22
24 This is line 23
25 This is line 24
26 This is line 25Linux is wonderful
3 substitutions on 3 lines 26,1 All

LAB #6 - Deleting text

6.1 - Commands

Key(s)	Description
x	Delete current character
Delete character to left of cursor
Delete 5 characters from current character	dw
Delete current word
5dw	Delete 5 words from current character
dd or :d	Delete current line
Delete 5 lines starting from current line
:5,7 d	Delete lines 5, 6 and 7

6.2 - Deleting lines

Go to line 14 and delete it using the dd command. You will obtain a result similar to the following:

1 This is line Linux is wonderful1
2 This is line 2
3 This is line 3
4 This is line 4
5 This is line 5
6 This is line 6
7 This is line 7
8 This is line 8
9 This is line 9
10 This is line 10
11 This is line 11
12 This is line 12
13 This is line 13
14 This is line 14
15 This is line 15
16 This is line 16
17 This is line 17
18 This is line 18
19 This is line 19
20 This is line 20
21 This is line 21
22 This is line 22
23 This is line 23
24 This is line 24
25 This is line 25Linux is wonderful
~ 
3 substitutions on 3 lines 14,1 All

Now delete lines 4, 5 and 6 using the :4,6 d command. You will get a result similar to this one:

1 This is line Linux is wonderful1
2 This is line 2
3 This is line 3
4 This is line 7
5 This is line 8
6 This is line 9
7 This is line 10
8 This is line 11
9 This is line 12
10 This is line 13
11 This is line 14
12 This is line 15
13 This is line 16
14 This is line 17
15 This is line 18
16 This is line 19
17 This is line 20
18 This is line 21
19 This is line 22
20 This is line 23
21 This is line 24
22 This is line 25Linux is wonderful
~ 
~ 
~ 
~ 
3 fewer lines 4,1 All

LAB #7 -Copy, Cut and Paste

7.1 - Commands

Key(s)	Description
yy or Y	Copy current line

[trainee@redhat9 ~]$ vi vitext

1 This is line Linux is wonderful1$
2 This is line 2$
3 This is line 3$
4 This is line 3$
5 This is line 9
6 This is line 10
7 This is line 11
8 This is line 12
9 This is line 13
10 This is line 14
11 This is line 15
12 This is line 16
13 This is line 7$
14 This is line 8$
15 This is line 17
16 This is line 18
17 This is line 19$
18 This is line 7$
19 This is line 8$
20 This is line 7$
21 This is line 20$
22 This is line 21
23 This is line 22
24 This is line 23
25 This is line 24
26 This is line 25Linux is wonderful$
‘vitext 26L, 442B 20,1 All

Piste : • LCF510 - Gestion du Démarrage et de l'Arrêt du Système • LCF200 - RHEL/CentOS/Oracle Linux 7 - Administration Système • LCF500 - CentOS 8 : Administration Système • RH12403 - Help and Documentation • LCF604 - Présentation, Installation et Configuration de KVM • RH12402 - The VIsual Editor