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Table des matières
Version : 2020.01
Dernière mise-à-jour : 2020/09/06 14:49
DOF102 - Démarrer avec Docker
Contenu du Module
- DOF102 - Démarrer avec Docker
- Contenu du Module
- Présentation de Docker
- LAB #1 - Travailler avec Docker
- 1.1 - Installer docker
- 1.2 - Démarrer un Conteneur
- 1.3 - Consulter la Liste des Conteneurs et Images
- 1.4 - Rechercher une Image dans un Dépôt
- 1.5 - Supprimer un Conteneur d'une Image
- 1.6 - Créer une Image à partir d'un Conteneur Modifié
- 1.7 - Supprimer une Image
- 1.8 - Créer un Conteneur avec un Nom Spécifique
- 1.9 - Exécuter une Commande dans un Conteneur
- 1.10 - Injecter des Variables d'Environnement dans un Conteneur
- 1.11 - Modifier le Nom d'Hôte d'un Conteneur
- 1.12 - Mapper des Ports d'un Conteneur
- 1.13 - Démarrer un Conteneur en mode Détaché
- 1.14 - Accéder aux Services d'un Conteneur de l'Extérieur
- 1.15 - Arrêter et Démarrer un Conteneur
- 1.16 - Utiliser des Signaux avec un Conteneur
- 1.17 - Forcer la Suppression d'un Conteneur en cours d'Exécution
- 1.18 - Utilisation Simple d'un Volume
- 1.19 - Télécharger une image sans créer un conteneur
- 1.20 - S'attacher à un conteneur en cours d'exécution
- 1.21 - Installer un logiciel dans le conteneur
- 1.22 - Utilisation de la commande docker commit
- 1.23 - Se connecter au serveur du conteneur de l'extérieur
Présentation de Docker
Docker est une application de virtualisation légère qui utilise des images et des conteneurs.
Une image est un paquet exécutable contenant tout ce qu'il est necessaire afin d'exécuter un logiciel donné, incluant :
- le code
- un runtime
- des bibliothèques,
- des variables d'environnement
- des fichiers de configuration
Un conteneur est une instance de l'image en cours d'exécution en mémoire. Elle est isolée de l'environnement de l'hôte par défaut mais peut accéder à des fichiers et de ports de l'hôte selon la configuration.
Les conteneurs exécutent des applications nativement en utilisant le noyau de la machine hôte. De ce fait les performances d'un conteneur sont supérieures à celles d'une machine virtuelle qui doit passer par un hyperviseur pour accéder aux ressources de la machine hôte.
Docker existe en deux versions Docker-CE (Docker Community Edition) et Docker-EE (Docker Enterprise Edition). Pour consulter les différences entre les deux versions, consultez le lien https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/.
LAB #1 - Travailler avec Docker
1.1 - Installer docker
Docker n'est pas dans le dépôts de Debian. Afin de l'installer il convient d'ajouter le dépôt de docker. Premièrement, il est nécessaire d'installer les paquets permettant à Debian d'utiliser un dépôt en https :
root@debian9:~# apt-get update ... root@debian9:~# apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done ca-certificates is already the newest version. ca-certificates set to manually installed. gnupg2 is already the newest version. gnupg2 set to manually installed. The following extra packages will be installed: libcurl3 python3-dbus python3-software-properties unattended-upgrades Suggested packages: python-dbus-doc python3-dbus-dbg The following NEW packages will be installed: apt-transport-https curl libcurl3 python3-dbus python3-software-properties software-properties-common unattended-upgrades 0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 960 kB of archives. After this operation, 2,344 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Téléchargez la clef GPG officielle de docker :
root@debian9:~# curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | apt-key add - OK
Vérifiez que l'ID de la clef est 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88 :
root@debian9:~# apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg
--------------------
pub 4096R/0EBFCD88 2017-02-22
Key fingerprint = 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid Docker Release (CE deb) <docker@docker.com>
sub 4096R/F273FCD8 2017-02-22
...
Ajoutez le dépôt stable de docker :
root@debian9:~# add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
Important - Notez que la commande lsb_release -cs retourne le nom de la distribution Debian, à savoir dans ce cas stretch.
Installez maintenant le paquet docker-ce :
root@debian9:~# apt-get update ... root@debian9:~# apt-get install docker-ce Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount git git-man libapparmor1 liberror-perl libnih-dbus1 libnih1 makedev mountall plymouth rsync Suggested packages: git-daemon-run git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-arch git-cvs git-mediawiki git-svn plymouth-themes The following NEW packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount docker-ce git git-man libapparmor1 liberror-perl libnih-dbus1 libnih1 makedev mountall plymouth rsync 0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 99 not upgraded. Need to get 26.5 MB of archives. After this operation, 123 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Dernièrement, vérifiez la version de Docker client et serveur :
root@debian9:~# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.4 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.10 Git commit: 9013bf583a Built: Fri Oct 18 15:52:34 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.4 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.12.10 Git commit: 9013bf583a Built: Fri Oct 18 15:51:05 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.2.10 GitCommit: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339 runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc8+dev GitCommit: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657 docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683
Important - Docker est composé de trois éléments : un serveur, un client et un ou plusieur Repositories ou Dépôts. Nous reviendrons sur les dépôts dans le détail plus tard dans ce cours.
Re-démarrez la machine virtuelle avant de poursuivre :
root@debian9:~# shutdown -r now
1.2 - Démarrer un Conteneur
Démarrez un conteneur de l'image hello-world :
root@debian9:~# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2557e3c07ed1e38f26e389462d03ed943586f744621577a99efb77324b0fe535
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Important - Notez que si l'image servant à générer le conteneur n'est pas présente sur le système hôte, celle-ci est téléchargée automatiquement depuis un dépôt ( par défaut le dépôt docker.io ) en utilisant la commande docker pull.
Démarrez un conteneur de l'image ubuntu:latest en mode interactif grâce à l'utilisation des options -i et -t en lui passant en argument bash pour que celui-ci soient lancé au démarrage du conteneur :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it ubuntu bash Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu 898c46f3b1a1: Pull complete 63366dfa0a50: Pull complete 041d4cd74a92: Pull complete 6e1bee0f8701: Pull complete Digest: sha256:017eef0b616011647b269b5c65826e2e2ebddbe5d1f8c1e56b3599fb14fabec8 Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest root@3a3f9bda6cbd:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@3a3f9bda6cbd:/# cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=18.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=bionic DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS"
Important - Notez que dans ce cas le conteneur est lancé avec comme argument bash qui lancera /bin/bash dans le conteneur.
Consulter la liste des paquets installés dans le conteneur ubuntu :
root@835001339e79:/# dpkg -l Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-====================================-=======================-=======================-============================================================================= ii adduser 3.116ubuntu1 all add and remove users and groups ii apt 1.6.8 amd64 commandline package manager ii base-files 10.1ubuntu2.4 amd64 Debian base system miscellaneous files ii base-passwd 3.5.44 amd64 Debian base system master password and group files ii bash 4.4.18-2ubuntu1 amd64 GNU Bourne Again SHell ii bsdutils 1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite ii bzip2 1.0.6-8.1 amd64 high-quality block-sorting file compressor - utilities ii coreutils 8.28-1ubuntu1 amd64 GNU core utilities ii dash 0.5.8-2.10 amd64 POSIX-compliant shell ii debconf 1.5.66 all Debian configuration management system ii debianutils 4.8.4 amd64 Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian ii diffutils 1:3.6-1 amd64 File comparison utilities ii dpkg 1.19.0.5ubuntu2.1 amd64 Debian package management system ii e2fsprogs 1.44.1-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 ext2/ext3/ext4 file system utilities ii fdisk 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 collection of partitioning utilities ii findutils 4.6.0+git+20170828-2 amd64 utilities for finding files--find, xargs ii gcc-8-base:amd64 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package) ii gpgv 2.2.4-1ubuntu1.2 amd64 GNU privacy guard - signature verification tool ii grep 3.1-2 amd64 GNU grep, egrep and fgrep ii gzip 1.6-5ubuntu1 amd64 GNU compression utilities ii hostname 3.20 amd64 utility to set/show the host name or domain name ii init-system-helpers 1.51 all helper tools for all init systems ii libacl1:amd64 2.2.52-3build1 amd64 Access control list shared library ii libapt-pkg5.0:amd64 1.6.8 amd64 package management runtime library ii libattr1:amd64 1:2.4.47-2build1 amd64 Extended attribute shared library ii libaudit-common 1:2.8.2-1ubuntu1 all Dynamic library for security auditing - common files ii libaudit1:amd64 1:2.8.2-1ubuntu1 amd64 Dynamic library for security auditing ii libblkid1:amd64 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 block device ID library ii libbz2-1.0:amd64 1.0.6-8.1 amd64 high-quality block-sorting file compressor library - runtime ii libc-bin 2.27-3ubuntu1 amd64 GNU C Library: Binaries ii libc6:amd64 2.27-3ubuntu1 amd64 GNU C Library: Shared libraries ii libcap-ng0:amd64 0.7.7-3.1 amd64 An alternate POSIX capabilities library ii libcom-err2:amd64 1.44.1-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 common error description library ii libdb5.3:amd64 5.3.28-13.1ubuntu1 amd64 Berkeley v5.3 Database Libraries [runtime] ii libdebconfclient0:amd64 0.213ubuntu1 amd64 Debian Configuration Management System (C-implementation library) ii libext2fs2:amd64 1.44.1-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 ext2/ext3/ext4 file system libraries ii libfdisk1:amd64 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 fdisk partitioning library ii libffi6:amd64 3.2.1-8 amd64 Foreign Function Interface library runtime ii libgcc1:amd64 1:8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04 amd64 GCC support library ii libgcrypt20:amd64 1.8.1-4ubuntu1.1 amd64 LGPL Crypto library - runtime library ii libgmp10:amd64 2:6.1.2+dfsg-2 amd64 Multiprecision arithmetic library ii libgnutls30:amd64 3.5.18-1ubuntu1 amd64 GNU TLS library - main runtime library ii libgpg-error0:amd64 1.27-6 amd64 library for common error values and messages in GnuPG components ii libhogweed4:amd64 3.4-1 amd64 low level cryptographic library (public-key cryptos) ii libidn2-0:amd64 2.0.4-1.1build2 amd64 Internationalized domain names (IDNA2008/TR46) library ii liblz4-1:amd64 0.0~r131-2ubuntu3 amd64 Fast LZ compression algorithm library - runtime ii liblzma5:amd64 5.2.2-1.3 amd64 XZ-format compression library ii libmount1:amd64 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 device mounting library ii libncurses5:amd64 6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04 amd64 shared libraries for terminal handling ii libncursesw5:amd64 6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04 amd64 shared libraries for terminal handling (wide character support) ii libnettle6:amd64 3.4-1 amd64 low level cryptographic library (symmetric and one-way cryptos) ii libp11-kit0:amd64 0.23.9-2 amd64 library for loading and coordinating access to PKCS#11 modules - runtime ii libpam-modules:amd64 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04. amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM ii libpam-modules-bin 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04. amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM - helper binaries ii libpam-runtime 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04. all Runtime support for the PAM library ii libpam0g:amd64 1.1.8-3.6ubuntu2.18.04. amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules library ii libpcre3:amd64 2:8.39-9 amd64 Old Perl 5 Compatible Regular Expression Library - runtime files ii libprocps6:amd64 2:3.3.12-3ubuntu1.1 amd64 library for accessing process information from /proc ii libseccomp2:amd64 2.3.1-2.1ubuntu4 amd64 high level interface to Linux seccomp filter ii libselinux1:amd64 2.7-2build2 amd64 SELinux runtime shared libraries ii libsemanage-common 2.7-2build2 all Common files for SELinux policy management libraries ii libsemanage1:amd64 2.7-2build2 amd64 SELinux policy management library ii libsepol1:amd64 2.7-1 amd64 SELinux library for manipulating binary security policies ii libsmartcols1:amd64 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 smart column output alignment library ii libss2:amd64 1.44.1-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 command-line interface parsing library ii libstdc++6:amd64 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04 amd64 GNU Standard C++ Library v3 ii libsystemd0:amd64 237-3ubuntu10.13 amd64 systemd utility library ii libtasn1-6:amd64 4.13-2 amd64 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime) ii libtinfo5:amd64 6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04 amd64 shared low-level terminfo library for terminal handling ii libudev1:amd64 237-3ubuntu10.13 amd64 libudev shared library ii libunistring2:amd64 0.9.9-0ubuntu1 amd64 Unicode string library for C ii libuuid1:amd64 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 Universally Unique ID library ii libzstd1:amd64 1.3.3+dfsg-2ubuntu1 amd64 fast lossless compression algorithm ii login 1:4.5-1ubuntu1 amd64 system login tools ii lsb-base 9.20170808ubuntu1 all Linux Standard Base init script functionality ii mawk 1.3.3-17ubuntu3 amd64 a pattern scanning and text processing language ii mount 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems ii ncurses-base 6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04 all basic terminal type definitions ii ncurses-bin 6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04 amd64 terminal-related programs and man pages ii passwd 1:4.5-1ubuntu1 amd64 change and administer password and group data ii perl-base 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3 amd64 minimal Perl system ii procps 2:3.3.12-3ubuntu1.1 amd64 /proc file system utilities ii sed 4.4-2 amd64 GNU stream editor for filtering/transforming text ii sensible-utils 0.0.12 all Utilities for sensible alternative selection ii sysvinit-utils 2.88dsf-59.10ubuntu1 amd64 System-V-like utilities ii tar 1.29b-2ubuntu0.1 amd64 GNU version of the tar archiving utility ii ubuntu-keyring 2018.09.18.1~18.04.0 all GnuPG keys of the Ubuntu archive ii util-linux 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 miscellaneous system utilities ii zlib1g:amd64 1:1.2.11.dfsg-0ubuntu2 amd64 compression library - runtime root@835001339e79:/# exit exit root@debian9:~#
Les options de la commande docker run peuvent être visualisées avec la commande :
root@debian9:~# docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
Options:
--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
-a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
--blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpus decimal Number of CPUs
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
--device list Add a host device to the container
--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
--device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
--device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
--device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
--device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--dns list Set custom DNS servers
--dns-option list Set DNS options
--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains
--entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
-e, --env list Set environment variables
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables
--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports
--group-add list Add additional groups to join
--health-cmd string Command to run to check health
--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--help Print usage
-h, --hostname string Container host name
--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
--ipc string IPC mode to use
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit
-l, --label list Set meta data on a container
--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link list Add link to another container
--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
--log-driver string Logging driver for the container
--log-opt list Log driver options
--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
-m, --memory bytes Memory limit
--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit
--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
--mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the container
--name string Assign a name to the container
--network string Connect a container to a network (default "default")
--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container
--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer
--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
--pid string PID namespace to use
--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
--privileged Give extended privileges to this container
-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host
-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports
--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits
--runtime string Runtime to use for this container
--security-opt list Security Options
--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm
--sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
--stop-signal string Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container
--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])
--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--userns string User namespace to use
--uts string UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume
--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container
--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
1.3 - Consulter la Liste des Conteneurs et Images
Pour consulter tous les conteneurs, utilisez la commande docker ps avec l'option -a :
root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3a3f9bda6cbd ubuntu "bash" About a minute ago Exited (127) 3 seconds ago wizardly_buck 26ef17bd115d hello-world "/hello" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago angry_chaplygin
Important - Notez que chaque conteneur peut être référencé par son CONTAINER ID ou par son NAME.
Pour consulter la liste des images, utilisez la commande docker images :
root@debian9:~# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest 94e814e2efa8 4 weeks ago 88.9MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 3 months ago 4.84kB
Important - Notez que chaque image est référencée par son IMAGE ID.
1.4 - Rechercher une Image dans un Dépôt
Pour rechercher une image docker dans le dépôt par défaut, utilisez la commande docker search :
root@debian9:~# docker search --stars=5 centos Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 5288 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 121 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 107 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 84 [OK] imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 53 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 50 tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 44 gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 40 [OK] openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 40 centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 37 centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 34 kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 26 [OK] centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap… 20 openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 20 pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 10 openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 6 root@debian9:~# root@debian9:~# docker search --filter=stars=5 centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 5288 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 121 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 107 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 84 [OK] imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 53 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 50 tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 44 gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 40 [OK] openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 40 centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 37 centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 34 kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 26 [OK] centos/httpd-24-centos7 Platform for running Apache httpd 2.4 or bui… 22 centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap… 20 openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 20 pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 10 openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 6
Important - Notez que chaque image est référencée par la colonne NAME. Le NAME est sous le format repository/mainteneur/nom sauf dans le cas où il s'agit de l'image “officielle” de l'éditeur au quel cas le format est simplement repository/nom. La notion de STARS ( étoiles ) vient de Docker Hub et est une indication de la satisfaction de la communauté.
1.5 - Supprimer un Conteneur d'une Image
Pour supprimer un conteneur d'une image, il convient d'utiliser la commande docker rm en référencant le conteneur soit par son NAME soit par son CONTAINER ID :
root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3a3f9bda6cbd ubuntu "bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (127) 5 minutes ago wizardly_buck 26ef17bd115d hello-world "/hello" 13 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago angry_chaplygin root@debian9:~# docker rm wizardly_buck wizardly_buck root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 26ef17bd115d hello-world "/hello" 14 minutes ago Exited (0) 14 minutes ago angry_chaplygin root@debian9:~# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest 94e814e2efa8 4 weeks ago 88.9MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 3 months ago 4.84kB
Important - Notez que dans le cas de l'utilisation du CONTAINER ID, il n'est pas necéssaire d'utiliser la totalité de l'ID. Par exemple, dans le cas ci-dessus, le CONTAINER ID du conteneur wizardly_buck était 3a3f9bda6cbd. La commande de suppression aurait pu utilisé 3a3f9bda6cbd, 3a3f9b ou même 3a3.
1.6 -Créer une Image à partir d'un Conteneur Modifié
Modifier un conteneur d'une image :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it ubuntu root@54b0dae2f3a9:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@54b0dae2f3a9:/# rm -rf /home root@54b0dae2f3a9:/# ls bin boot dev etc lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@54b0dae2f3a9:/# exit exit root@debian9:~#
Important - Notez ici la suppression du répertoire home dans le conteneur 54b0dae2f3a9.
Consultez la différence entre le conteneur et l'image de base :
root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 54b0dae2f3a9 ubuntu "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago tender_mendeleev 26ef17bd115d hello-world "/hello" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago angry_chaplygin root@debian9:~# docker diff tender_mendeleev C /root A /root/.bash_history D /home
Important - La sortie de la commande docker diff comporte des lettres dont les significations sont les suivantes : C = Create, D = Delete, A = Add.
Créez un autre conteneur à partir de l'image de base :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it ubuntu root@92f0d4bb7967:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@92f0d4bb7967:/# exit exit root@debian9:~#
Important - Dans ce nouveau conteneur, le répertoire /home est présent compte tenu du fait qu'il a été généré à partir de l'image d'origine, inchangée depuis sa compilation.
Créez maintenant l'image ubuntu_1 à partir du conteneur competent_pasteur en utilisant la commande docker commit :
root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 92f0d4bb7967 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 39 seconds ago Exited (0) 32 seconds ago musing_benz 54b0dae2f3a9 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago tender_mendeleev 26ef17bd115d hello-world "/hello" 19 minutes ago Exited (0) 19 minutes ago angry_chaplygin root@debian9:~# docker commit tender_mendeleev ubuntu_1 sha256:2ba8e0ec5e38332c8ab15c4b33fd140a9c74d72231d05a6965c40a39fbb44584 root@debian9:~# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu_1 latest 2ba8e0ec5e38 15 seconds ago 88.9MB ubuntu latest 94e814e2efa8 4 weeks ago 88.9MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 3 months ago 4.84kB
1.7 - Supprimer une Image
Créez maintenant un conteneur à partir de la nouvelle image ubuntu_1 :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it ubuntu_1 root@904215fb79b4:/# ls bin boot dev etc lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@904215fb79b4:/# exit exit root@debian9:~#
Important - Notez l'absence du répertoire home dans le conteneur 904215fb79b4.
Essayez de supprimer l'image ubuntu_1 :
root@debian9:~# docker rmi ubuntu_1 Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "ubuntu_1" (must force) - container 904215fb79b4 is using its referenced image 2ba8e0ec5e38 root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 904215fb79b4 ubuntu_1 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 49 seconds ago priceless_swirles 92f0d4bb7967 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago musing_benz 54b0dae2f3a9 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago tender_mendeleev 26ef17bd115d hello-world "/hello" 22 minutes ago Exited (0) 22 minutes ago angry_chaplygin
Important - Notez qu'il n'est pas possible de supprimer l'image ubuntu_1 tant que le conteneur priceless_swirles soit actif.
Supprimez donc le conteneur priceless_swirles ainsi que l'image ubuntu_1 :
root@debian9:~# docker rm priceless_swirles priceless_swirles root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 92f0d4bb7967 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago musing_benz 54b0dae2f3a9 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago tender_mendeleev 26ef17bd115d hello-world "/hello" 23 minutes ago Exited (0) 23 minutes ago angry_chaplygin root@debian9:~# docker rmi ubuntu_1 Untagged: ubuntu_1:latest Deleted: sha256:2ba8e0ec5e38332c8ab15c4b33fd140a9c74d72231d05a6965c40a39fbb44584 Deleted: sha256:308e9761a8fc84661e46eff564b0bbca12b458e71bdf77bf4abbb59b21efdbbe root@debian9:~# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest 94e814e2efa8 4 weeks ago 88.9MB hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 3 months ago 1.84kB
Pour pouvoir supprimer tous les conteneurs, listez-les par leur Container ID :
root@debian9:~# docker ps -aq 92f0d4bb7967 54b0dae2f3a9 26ef17bd115d
Supprimer toutes les conteneurs :
root@debian9:~# docker rm `docker ps -aq` 92f0d4bb7967 54b0dae2f3a9 26ef17bd115d root@debian9:~# docker ps -aq root@debian9:~#
Pour supprimer un conteneur dès la fin de son exécution, utilisez l'option –rm :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it --rm ubuntu root@d123b0112fc2:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@d123b0112fc2:/# exit exit root@debian9:~# docker ps -aq root@debian9:~#
1.8 - Créer un Conteneur avec un Nom Spécifique
Créez maintenant un conteneur avec un nom spécifique :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it --name=i2tch ubuntu root@04b5ab87539a:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@04b5ab87539a:/# exit exit root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 11 seconds ago Exited (0) 4 seconds ago i2tch
Pour obtenir de l'information concernant un conteneur, utilisez la commande docker inspect :
root@debian9:~# docker inspect i2tch
[
{
"Id": "04b5ab87539aed114cbfc3ba15d10be61cd88b9cffc88c6de9bd26e203b363b5",
"Created": "2019-04-09T14:22:45.623162229Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "exited",
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2019-04-09T14:22:46.301514689Z",
"FinishedAt": "2019-04-09T14:22:51.91071787Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:94e814e2efa8845d95b2112d54497fbad173e45121ce9255b93401392f538499",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/04b5ab87539aed114cbfc3ba15d10be61cd88b9cffc88c6de9bd26e203b363b5/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/04b5ab87539aed114cbfc3ba15d10be61cd88b9cffc88c6de9bd26e203b363b5/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/04b5ab87539aed114cbfc3ba15d10be61cd88b9cffc88c6de9bd26e203b363b5/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/04b5ab87539aed114cbfc3ba15d10be61cd88b9cffc88c6de9bd26e203b363b5/04b5ab87539aed114cbfc3ba15d10be61cd88b9cffc88c6de9bd26e203b363b5-json.log",
"Name": "/i2tch",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "shareable",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1151d32cdd4dda25ee299fe2c2a8df9dcb1b7fc4c47701c2925c437fb7c3a616-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/84bcc6977e49ee3d477255450d69b98195b721b017124194b376f6e6c0645233/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eee0d6bc849e0c074de73e17eaf11b296dd860a0fb17097f37f9af86d28dcf9b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0deb30449649adfed4d1abb678939b2409c4804976ceea4cb75508d0fdf415b6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a156bf77423d93e38ef326b3ca6a1d0248ce801733800dad2767070380d682b6/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1151d32cdd4dda25ee299fe2c2a8df9dcb1b7fc4c47701c2925c437fb7c3a616/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1151d32cdd4dda25ee299fe2c2a8df9dcb1b7fc4c47701c2925c437fb7c3a616/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1151d32cdd4dda25ee299fe2c2a8df9dcb1b7fc4c47701c2925c437fb7c3a616/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "04b5ab87539a",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "ubuntu",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "304fc54e6d23247d4faf08995b65646967670def542812d902d2ee33d178794d",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/304fc54e6d23",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "f2d947904cba4a871af3e50d6e1ec0a3a055849185bf7ba473b2e028880bd8a9",
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
1.9 - Exécuter une Commande dans un Conteneur
Pour exécuter une commande spécifique dans un conteneur, passez la commande en argument :
root@debian9:~# docker run --rm ubuntu env PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=77bb110031aa HOME=/root root@debian9:~#
1.10 - Injecter des Variables d'Environnement dans un Conteneur
Pour injecter une ou des variables d'environnement dans un conteneur, utilisez un fichier pré-établi :
root@debian9:~# vi env.list root@debian9:~# cat env.list EDITOR=vim HOSTNAME=ubuntudocker
root@debian9:~# docker run --rm --env-file=env.list ubuntu env PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=ubuntudocker EDITOR=vim HOME=/root root@debian9:~#
1.11 - Modifier le Nom d'Hôte d'un Conteneur
Pour modifier le nom d'hôte d'un conteneur, utilisez l'option -h :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it --rm -h ubuntudocker ubuntu root@ubuntudocker:/# hostname ubuntudocker root@ubuntudocker:/# exit exit root@debian9:~#
1.12 - Mapper des Ports d'un Conteneur
Démarrer un conteneur de nginx sur le port localhost 81 :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it -p 81:80 nginx Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally latest: Pulling from library/nginx 27833a3ba0a5: Pull complete e83729dd399a: Pull complete ebc6a67df66d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:c8a861b8a1eeef6d48955a6c6d5dff8e2580f13ff4d0f549e082e7c82a8617a2 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest ^Croot@debian9:~#
Notez que c'est bloquant. Le fait d'avoir utiliser ^C a interrompu le processus du conteneur :
^Croot@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 32 seconds ago Exited (0) 21 seconds ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago i2tch
1.13 - Démarrer un Conteneur en mode Détaché
Démarrez maintenant le conteneur de nginx en mode détaché grâce à l'utilisation de l'option -d :
root@debian9:~# docker run -d -p 81:80 nginx aabb064d4b0ade1f19216b6174631fa32a2053f6aa9d59bd724ea90ce534b004 root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aabb064d4b0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 12 seconds ago Up 11 seconds 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp eager_lewin 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago i2tch
1.14 - Accèder aux Services d'un Conteneur de l'Extérieur
Installez le navigateur texte lynx :
root@debian9:~# apt-get install lynx Lecture des listes de paquets... Fait Construction de l'arbre des dépendances Lecture des informations d'état... Fait The following additional packages will be installed: lynx-common Les NOUVEAUX paquets suivants seront installés : lynx lynx-common 0 mis à jour, 2 nouvellement installés, 0 à enlever et 94 non mis à jour. Il est nécessaire de prendre 1 730 ko dans les archives. Après cette opération, 5 590 ko d'espace disque supplémentaires seront utilisés. Souhaitez-vous continuer ? [O/n] o Réception de:1 http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 lynx-common all 2.8.9dev11-1 [1 098 kB] Réception de:2 http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 lynx amd64 2.8.9dev11-1 [632 kB] 1 730 ko réceptionnés en 6s (283 ko/s) Sélection du paquet lynx-common précédemment désélectionné. (Lecture de la base de données... 113082 fichiers et répertoires déjà installés.) Préparation du dépaquetage de .../lynx-common_2.8.9dev11-1_all.deb ... Dépaquetage de lynx-common (2.8.9dev11-1) ... Sélection du paquet lynx précédemment désélectionné. Préparation du dépaquetage de .../lynx_2.8.9dev11-1_amd64.deb ... Dépaquetage de lynx (2.8.9dev11-1) ... Traitement des actions différées (« triggers ») pour mime-support (3.60) ... Traitement des actions différées (« triggers ») pour man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ... Paramétrage de lynx-common (2.8.9dev11-1) ... Paramétrage de lynx (2.8.9dev11-1) ... update-alternatives: utilisation de « /usr/bin/lynx » pour fournir « /usr/bin/www-browser » (www-browser) en mode automatique
Vérifiez que nginx répond aux requetes :
root@debian9:~# lynx --dump http://localhost:81
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed
and working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to [1]nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at [2]nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
Références
1. http://nginx.org/
2. http://nginx.com/
1.15 - Arrêter et Démarrer un Conteneur
Arrêtez le conteneur nginx :
root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aabb064d4b0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp eager_lewin 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago i2tch root@debian9:~# docker stop aabb aabb root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aabb064d4b0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago eager_lewin 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago i2tch
Démarrez de nouveau le conteneur de nginx :
root@debian9:~# docker start aabb aabb root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aabb064d4b0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp eager_lewin 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago i2tch
1.16 - Utiliser des Signaux avec un Conteneur
Utilisez un signal pour tuer le processus du conteneur de nginx :
root@debian9:~# docker kill -s 9 aabb aabb root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aabb064d4b0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago Exited (137) 2 seconds ago eager_lewin 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago i2tch
Redémarrez un conteneur en cours :
root@debian9:~# docker start aabb aabb root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aabb064d4b0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago Up 1 second 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp eager_lewin 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago i2tch root@debian9:~# docker restart aabb aabb root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aabb064d4b0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp eager_lewin 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago i2tch
1.17 - Forcer la Suppression d'un Conteneur en cours d'Exécution
Supprimez un conteneur en cours d'exécution :
root@debian9:~# docker rm aabb Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container aabb064d4b0ade1f19216b6174631fa32a2053f6aa9d59bd724ea90ce534b004. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aabb064d4b0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp eager_lewin 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago i2tch root@debian9:~# docker rm -f aabb aabb root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago i2tch
1.18 - Utilisation Simple d'un Volume
Créez le fichier index.html et placez-le dans le répertoire /root/www :
root@debian9:~# mkdir /root/www root@debian9:~# vi index.html root@debian9:~# cat index.html <html> <body> <center>Accueil du site nginx</center> </body> </html> root@debian9:~# mv index.html www/
Indiquez au conteneur que son répertoire /usr/share/nginx/html/ est remplacé par le répertoire /root/www/ de la machine hôte :
root@debian9:~# docker run -d -p 81:80 -v /root/www:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro nginx
c080793965de8a6a60db212d7e4d96de84b55352c224c054dced75b409e39bf2
root@debian9:~# lynx --dump http://localhost:81
Accueil du site nginx
root@debian9:~#
Important - Notez ici l'utilisation de ro - lecture seule.
1.19 - Télécharger une image sans créer un conteneur
Téléchargez l'image de centos sans créer un conteneur :
root@debian9:~# docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos 8ba884070f61: Pull complete Digest: sha256:8d487d68857f5bc9595793279b33d082b03713341ddec91054382641d14db861 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
Vérifiez le contenu de l'image en créant un conteneur :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it centos bash [root@86252a3f00f4 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@86252a3f00f4 /]# rpm -qa | more bind-license-9.9.4-73.el7_6.noarch bash-4.2.46-31.el7.x86_64 glibc-common-2.17-260.el7_6.3.x86_64 nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.el7_5.x86_64 filesystem-3.2-25.el7.x86_64 glibc-2.17-260.el7_6.3.x86_64 nspr-4.19.0-1.el7_5.x86_64 popt-1.13-16.el7.x86_64 libcom_err-1.42.9-13.el7.x86_64 libcap-2.22-9.el7.x86_64 libstdc++-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64 info-5.1-5.el7.x86_64 gawk-4.0.2-4.el7_3.1.x86_64 libselinux-2.5-14.1.el7.x86_64 grep-2.20-3.el7.x86_64 keyutils-libs-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64 libverto-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64 p11-kit-trust-0.23.5-3.el7.x86_64 openssl-libs-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64 krb5-libs-1.15.1-37.el7_6.x86_64 xz-libs-5.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 libdb-5.3.21-24.el7.x86_64 libgpg-error-1.12-3.el7.x86_64 libgcrypt-1.5.3-14.el7.x86_64 lua-5.1.4-15.el7.x86_64 libuuid-2.23.2-59.el7.x86_64 libmount-2.23.2-59.el7.x86_64 shared-mime-info-1.8-4.el7.x86_64 gzip-1.5-10.el7.x86_64 findutils-4.5.11-6.el7.x86_64 diffutils-3.3-4.el7.x86_64 expat-2.1.0-10.el7_3.x86_64 audit-libs-2.8.4-4.el7.x86_64 pam-1.1.8-22.el7.x86_64 nss-softokn-3.36.0-5.el7_5.x86_64 nss-3.36.0-7.1.el7_6.x86_64 libassuan-2.1.0-3.el7.x86_64 nss-tools-3.36.0-7.1.el7_6.x86_64 gobject-introspection-1.56.1-1.el7.x86_64 --More--
1.20 - S'attacher à un conteneur en cours d'exécution
Arretez le conteneur. Démarrez le conteneur puis rattachez-vous au conteneur :
[root@86252a3f00f4 /]# exit exit root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 86252a3f00f4 centos "bash" About a minute ago Exited (127) 6 seconds ago vibrant_mccarthy c080793965de nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp suspicious_sanderson 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago i2tch root@debian9:~# docker start 8625 8625 root@debian9:~# docker attach 8625 [root@86252a3f00f4 /]# ls anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@86252a3f00f4 /]#
1.21 - Installer un logiciel dans le conteneur
Créez le fichier /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-4.2.repo :
[root@86252a3f00f4 /]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-4.2.repo [root@86252a3f00f4 /]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-4.2.repo [mongodb-org-4.2] name=MongoDB Repository baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/4.2/x86_64/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.2.asc [root@86252a3f00f4 /]#
Installez mongo :
[root@86252a3f00f4 /]# yum install -y mongodb-org
Démarrez mongod :
[root@86252a3f00f4 /]# mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf & [1] 82 [root@86252a3f00f4 /]# about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 84 child process started successfully, parent exiting [1]+ Done mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf [root@86252a3f00f4 /]#
Vérifiez que mongod est démarré :
[root@86252a3f00f4 /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.1 11828 2996 pts/0 Ss 16:57 0:00 bash root 84 1.2 2.2 294692 46716 ? Sl 17:16 0:00 mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf root 103 0.0 0.1 51748 3444 pts/0 R+ 17:17 0:00 ps aux
Utilisez le client mongo pour se connecter au serveur :
[root@86252a3f00f4 /]# mongo MongoDB shell version: 4.2.2 connecting to: test Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help". For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user Server has startup warnings: 2019-04-09T17:16:26.951+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended. 2019-04-09T17:16:26.951+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] >
Sortez de mongo et du conteneur :
> exit bye [root@86252a3f00f4 /]# exit exit root@debian9:~#
1.22 - Utilisation de la commande docker commit
Créez maintenant une nouvelle image à partir de votre conteneur :
root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 86252a3f00f4 centos "bash" 23 minutes ago Exited (0) 56 seconds ago vibrant_mccarthy c080793965de nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 26 minutes ago Up 26 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp suspicious_sanderson 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago i2tch root@debian9:~# docker commit 8625 i2tch/mongodb sha256:67afc80e1424a6d99179911ee499f6bf264faf2bc3c7ff4ac4a01ff9c23050a9
Supprimez le conteneur utilisé pour créer l'image :
root@debian9:~# docker rm 8625 8625 root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c080793965de nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 28 minutes ago Up 28 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp suspicious_sanderson 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago i2tch
Utilisez la nouvelle image pour lancer un conteneur nommé mongo :
root@debian9:~# docker run -it --name mongo i2tch/mongodb [root@d20fb56a38b0 /]# ls /usr/bin/mongo* /usr/bin/mongo /usr/bin/mongodump /usr/bin/mongofiles /usr/bin/mongooplog /usr/bin/mongorestore /usr/bin/mongostat /usr/bin/mongod /usr/bin/mongoexport /usr/bin/mongoimport /usr/bin/mongoperf /usr/bin/mongos /usr/bin/mongotop [root@d20fb56a38b0 /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.1 0.1 11828 2972 pts/0 Ss 17:22 0:00 bash root 15 0.0 0.1 51748 3468 pts/0 R+ 17:23 0:00 ps aux
Editez le fichier /etc/bashrc :
[root@d20fb56a38b0 /]# echo "/usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf &" >> /etc/bashrc
[root@d20fb56a38b0 /]# tail /etc/bashrc
. "$i" >/dev/null
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
fi
# vim:ts=4:sw=4
/usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf &
Consultez la liste des conteneurs et relevez le CONTAINER ID du conteneur mongo :
[root@d20fb56a38b0 /]# exit exit root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d20fb56a38b0 i2tch/mongodb "bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 seconds ago mongo c080793965de nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 32 minutes ago Up 32 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp suspicious_sanderson 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago i2tch
Utilisez la commande commit pour “sauvegarder” la modification dans l'image :
root@debian9:~# docker commit d20f i2tch/mongodb sha256:620057baa411b78a0030e192fdfbde0bb0c5ceae7bdeb115892d9946e542ee07
Démarrez de nouveau le conteneur pour vérifier que mongod fonctionne :
root@debian9:~# docker rm d20f d20f root@debian9:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c080793965de nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp suspicious_sanderson 4f157e179134 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago stoic_roentgen 04b5ab87539a ubuntu "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago i2tch root@debian9:~# docker run -it --name mongo i2tch/mongodb [root@bcec3f27ed58 /]# about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 16 child process started successfully, parent exiting [1]+ Done /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf [root@bcec3f27ed58 /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.1 11828 2920 pts/0 Ss 17:26 0:00 bash root 16 2.0 2.4 298788 49276 ? Sl 17:26 0:01 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf root 39 0.0 0.1 51748 3476 pts/0 R+ 17:27 0:00 ps aux [root@bcec3f27ed58 /]#
1.23 - Se connecter au serveur du conteneur de l'extérieur
Pour pouvoir se connecter à mongodb depuis la machine hôte, il convient d'éditer le fichier /etc/mongod.conf :
[root@bcec3f27ed58 /]# vi /etc/mongod.conf [root@bcec3f27ed58 /]# cat /etc/mongod.conf | grep bindIp bindIp: 0.0.0.0
Sortez du conteneur, re-créez une image, supprimez le conteneur utilisé et relancez de nouveau le conteneur :
[root@bcec3f27ed58 /]# exit exit root@debian9:~# docker commit mongo i2tch/mongodb sha256:eca7835d4fe6a3a769046bd735ef4ad7534ac1f9bb37832d6da5db3b938d258f root@debian9:~# docker rm mongo mongo root@debian9:~# docker run -it --name mongo i2tch/mongodb [root@d2ddb4f8ca8a /]# about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 16 [root@d2ddb4f8ca8a /]# child process started successfully, parent exiting [1]+ Done /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf [root@d2ddb4f8ca8a /]#
Dans votre machine hôte, configurez le dépôt de mongodb :
[root@f5b45072b831 /]# exit root@debian9:~# root@debian9:~# apt-get install dirmngr root@debian9:~# root@debian9:~# apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 9DA31620334BD75D9DCB49F368818C72E52529D4 Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.xMuszKS6JM/gpg.1.sh --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 9DA31620334BD75D9DCB49F368818C72E52529D4 gpg: key 68818C72E52529D4: public key "MongoDB 4.0 Release Signing Key <packaging@mongodb.com>" imported gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1 root@debian9:~# root@debian9:~# echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian stretch/mongodb-org/4.0 main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-4.0.list deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian stretch/mongodb-org/4.0 main root@debian9:~# root@debian9:~# apt-get update
Cette fois, installez uniquement le client de mongodb :
root@debian9:~# apt-get install mongodb-org-shell Lecture des listes de paquets... Fait Construction de l'arbre des dépendances Lecture des informations d'état... Fait Les NOUVEAUX paquets suivants seront installés : mongodb-org-shell 0 mis à jour, 1 nouvellement installés, 0 à enlever et 95 non mis à jour. Il est nécessaire de prendre 9 809 ko dans les archives. Après cette opération, 39,8 Mo d'espace disque supplémentaires seront utilisés. Réception de:1 http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian stretch/mongodb-org/4.0/main amd64 mongodb-org-shell amd64 4.0.8 [9 809 kB] 9 809 ko réceptionnés en 7s (1 245 ko/s) Sélection du paquet mongodb-org-shell précédemment désélectionné. (Lecture de la base de données... 91513 fichiers et répertoires déjà installés.) Préparation du dépaquetage de .../mongodb-org-shell_4.0.8_amd64.deb ... Dépaquetage de mongodb-org-shell (4.0.8) ... Paramétrage de mongodb-org-shell (4.0.8) ... Traitement des actions différées (« triggers ») pour man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ...
Notez qu'à ce stade le conteneur ne possède pas d'adresse IP car il n'est pas démarré :
root@debian9:~# docker inspect mongo | grep IP
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"IPAMConfig": null,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
Démarrez donc le conteneur et cherchez l'adresse IP de celui-ci :
root@debian9:~# docker start mongo
mongo
root@debian9:~# docker inspect mongo | grep IP
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"IPAMConfig": null,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
Connectez-vous maintenant à votre mongodb à partir de la machine hôte :
root@debian9:~# mongo --host 172.17.0.3 MongoDB shell version v4.0.8 connecting to: mongodb://172.17.0.3:27017/?gssapiServiceName=mongodb WARNING: No implicit session: Logical Sessions are only supported on server versions 3.6 and greater. Implicit session: dummy session MongoDB server version: 4.2.2 WARNING: shell and server versions do not match Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help". For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user Server has startup warnings: 2019-04-09T17:31:33.827+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended. 2019-04-09T17:31:33.827+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] >
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