Dernière mise-à-jour : 2020/01/30 03:27
Les commandes externes au shell sont des binaires exécutables ou des scripts, généralement situés dans /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin ou /usr/sbin :
root@ubuntu1804:~# type du du is /usr/bin/du
L'aide d'une commande externe au shell peut être visualisé dans la plupart des cas en passant le paramètre - -help en argument à la commande en question :
root@ubuntu1804:~# du --help
Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-0, --null end each output line with NUL, not newline
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
'-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;
see SIZE format below
-b, --bytes equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-d, --max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the
NUL-terminated file names specified in file F;
if F is -, then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--inodes list inode usage information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-S, --separate-dirs for directories do not include size of subdirectories
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-t, --threshold=SIZE exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive,
or entries greater than SIZE if negative
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using STYLE, which can be:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT;
FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'
Les commandes internes au shell sont des commandes telles type, cd ou umask. Pour vérifier le type de commande, il faut utiliser la commande type :
root@ubuntu1804:~# type type type is a shell builtin
Le shell possède la commande help. Utilisée seule, cette commande fournit la liste des commandes internes :
root@ubuntu1804:~# help
GNU bash, version 4.4.19(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.
Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.
Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.
A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.
job_spec [&] history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hist>
(( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif C>
. filename [arguments] jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs >
: kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigs>
[ arg... ] let arg [arg ...]
[[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ...
alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] logout [n]
bg [job_spec ...] mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O or>
bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f file> popd [-n] [+N | -N]
break [n] printf [-v var] format [arguments]
builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]] pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]
caller [expr] pwd [-LP]
case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...)> read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [->
cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir] readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s>
command [-pVv] command [arg ...] readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] o>
compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [> return [n]
complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] > select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMM>
compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ..> set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option->
continue [n] shift [n]
coproc [NAME] command [redirections] shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]
declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [name[=v> source filename [arguments]
dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N] suspend [-f]
disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ... | pid > test [expr]
echo [-neE] [arg ...] time [-p] pipeline
enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [na> times
eval [arg ...] trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]
exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argume> true
exit [n] type [-afptP] name [name ...]
export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or ex> typeset [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] name[=v>
false ulimit [-SHabcdefiklmnpqrstuvxPT] [l>
fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] o> umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
fg [job_spec] unalias [-a] name [name ...]
for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMAND> unset [-f] [-v] [-n] [name ...]
for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMAN> until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
function name { COMMANDS ; } or name > variables - Names and meanings of so>
getopts optstring name [arg] wait [-n] [id ...]
hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name > while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
help [-dms] [pattern ...] { COMMANDS ; }
L'aide concernant une commande spécifique peut être obtenu en passant la commande concernée en argument à la commande help :
root@ubuntu1804:~# help type
type: type [-afptP] name [name ...]
Display information about command type.
For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
command name.
Options:
-a display all locations containing an executable named NAME;
includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if
the `-p' option is not also used
-f suppress shell function lookup
-P force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias,
builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file
that would be executed
-p returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed,
or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file'
-t output a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword',
`function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias,
shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file,
or not found, respectively
Arguments:
NAME Command name to be interpreted.
Exit Status:
Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found.
La commande man donne accès au manuel de la commande passée en argument. Par exemple man passwd :
PASSWD(1) User Commands PASSWD(1)
NAME
passwd - change user password
SYNOPSIS
passwd [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
The passwd command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only change the password for his/her own account, while the superuser may change
the password for any account. passwd also changes the account or associated password validity period.
Password Changes
The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is present. This password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The user
has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed.
After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not,
passwd refuses to change the password and exits.
The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for the
password to be changed.
Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more characters from each
of the following sets:
· lower case alphabetics
· digits 0 thru 9
· punctuation marks
Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters. passwd will reject any password which is not suitably complex.
Hints for user passwords
The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy UNIX System encryption method is
based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are now recommended (see ENCRYPT_METHOD). The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the
password which is selected.
Compromises in password security normally result from careless password selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password which
Manual page passwd(1) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)
Une page de manuel peut contenir plusieurs sections :
| Section | Contenu |
|---|---|
| NOM | Nom et rôle de la commande |
| SYNOPSIS | Syntaxe de la commande, paramètres et arguments |
| DESCRIPTION | Mode d'emploi et les arguments principaux |
| OPTIONS | Descriptions détaillées de chaque paramètre |
| EXEMPLES / EXAMPLES | Exemples d'utilisation de la commande |
| ENVIRONNEMENT / ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | Fonctionnement selon l'environnement du shell |
| CONFORMITÉ / STANDARDS / CONFORMING TO | Éventuelles normes auxquelles la commande se conforme |
| BOGUES / BUGS/TO DO | Éventuelles bogues connues |
| DIAGNOSTICS/RETOUR / EXIT STATUS/RETURN VALUE | Codes d'erreur et leur signification |
| VOIR AUSSI / SEE ALSO | Commandes liées à celle du manuel actuel |
La navigation dans la page de manuel se fait grâce à l'utilisation de certaines touches :
| Touche | Fonction |
|---|---|
| Espace | Faire défiler une page complète |
| Entrée | Faire défiler la page ligne par ligne |
| ↑ | Faire défiler la page une ligne vers le haut |
| ↓ | Faire défiler la page une ligne vers le bas |
| PageHaut | Faire défiler une demi-page vers le haut |
| PageBas | Faire défiler une demi-page vers le bas |
| Début | Se positionner au début du manuel |
| Fin | Se positionner à la fin du manuel |
| / | Rechercher la chaîne qui suit la touche /. La touche n recherche l'occurrence suivante. La touche N recherche l'occurrence précédente |
| Q | Quitter le manuel |
Un manuel complet est fait de plusieurs sections :
| Section | Contenu |
|---|---|
| 1 | Instructions exécutables ou commandes shell |
| 2 | Appels système |
| 3 | Appels des bibliothèques |
| 4 | Fichiers spéciaux |
| 5 | Format des fichiers |
| 6 | Jeux, économiseurs d'écrans, gadgets |
| 7 | Divers et commandes non standard |
| 8 | Commandes d'administration du système Linux |
| 9 | Sous-programmes du noyau |
Les différentes sections disponibles sont visibles grâce à l'utilisation de la commande whereis :
root@ubuntu1804:~# whereis passwd passwd: /usr/bin/passwd /etc/passwd /usr/share/man/man5/passwd.5.gz /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1ssl.gz /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1.gz
Pour visualiser une section spécifique, il convient de préciser son numéro :
$ man 5 passwd [Entrée]
L'option -k de la commande man permet de rechercher la chaîne passée en argument dans la liste des manuels disponibles :
root@ubuntu1804:~# man -k passwd chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB openssl-passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd passwd (1) - change user password passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes passwd (5) - the password file update-passwd (8) - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
Le résultat est une liste de commandes suivies par une description brève de celles-ci.
Important - Notez que les numéros entre parenthèses indiquent les sections disponibles.
Les options de cette commande sont :
root@ubuntu1804:~# man --help
Usage: man [OPTION...] [SECTION] PAGE...
-C, --config-file=FILE use this user configuration file
-d, --debug emit debugging messages
-D, --default reset all options to their default values
--warnings[=WARNINGS] enable warnings from groff
Main modes of operation:
-f, --whatis equivalent to whatis
-k, --apropos equivalent to apropos
-K, --global-apropos search for text in all pages
-l, --local-file interpret PAGE argument(s) as local filename(s)
-w, --where, --path, --location
print physical location of man page(s)
-W, --where-cat, --location-cat
print physical location of cat file(s)
-c, --catman used by catman to reformat out of date cat pages
-R, --recode=ENCODING output source page encoded in ENCODING
Finding manual pages:
-L, --locale=LOCALE define the locale for this particular man search
-m, --systems=SYSTEM use manual pages from other systems
-M, --manpath=PATH set search path for manual pages to PATH
-S, -s, --sections=LIST use colon separated section list
-e, --extension=EXTENSION limit search to extension type EXTENSION
-i, --ignore-case look for pages case-insensitively (default)
-I, --match-case look for pages case-sensitively
--regex show all pages matching regex
--wildcard show all pages matching wildcard
--names-only make --regex and --wildcard match page names only,
not descriptions
-a, --all find all matching manual pages
-u, --update force a cache consistency check
--no-subpages don't try subpages, e.g. 'man foo bar' => 'man
foo-bar'
Controlling formatted output:
-P, --pager=PAGER use program PAGER to display output
-r, --prompt=STRING provide the `less' pager with a prompt
-7, --ascii display ASCII translation of certain latin1 chars
-E, --encoding=ENCODING use selected output encoding
--no-hyphenation, --nh turn off hyphenation
--no-justification, --nj turn off justification
-p, --preprocessor=STRING STRING indicates which preprocessors to run:
e - [n]eqn, p - pic, t - tbl,
g - grap, r - refer, v - vgrind
-t, --troff use groff to format pages
-T, --troff-device[=DEVICE] use groff with selected device
-H, --html[=BROWSER] use www-browser or BROWSER to display HTML output
-X, --gxditview[=RESOLUTION] use groff and display through gxditview
(X11):
-X = -TX75, -X100 = -TX100, -X100-12 = -TX100-12
-Z, --ditroff use groff and force it to produce ditroff
-?, --help give this help list
--usage give a short usage message
-V, --version print program version
Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional
for any corresponding short options.
Report bugs to cjwatson@debian.org.
La commande apropos cherche dans la base de données whatis la chaine de caractères passée en argument à la commande. Sans option, la sortie obtenue est identique à la commande man -k :
root@ubuntu1804:~# apropos passwd chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB openssl-passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd passwd (1) - change user password passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes passwd (5) - the password file update-passwd (8) - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group
Les options de cette commande sont :
root@ubuntu1804:~# apropos --help
Usage: apropos [OPTION...] KEYWORD...
-d, --debug emit debugging messages
-v, --verbose print verbose warning messages
-e, --exact search each keyword for exact match
-r, --regex interpret each keyword as a regex
-w, --wildcard the keyword(s) contain wildcards
-a, --and require all keywords to match
-l, --long do not trim output to terminal width
-C, --config-file=FILE use this user configuration file
-L, --locale=LOCALE define the locale for this search
-m, --systems=SYSTEM use manual pages from other systems
-M, --manpath=PATH set search path for manual pages to PATH
-s, --sections=LIST, --section=LIST
search only these sections (colon-separated)
-?, --help give this help list
--usage give a short usage message
-V, --version print program version
Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional
for any corresponding short options.
The --regex option is enabled by default.
Report bugs to cjwatson@debian.org.
Sous Ubuntu 18.04, la base de données peut être maintenue manuellement par root en invoquant l'exécutable /bin/mandb ou /usr/bin/mandb.
L'utilisation de mandb est très simple :
root@ubuntu1804:~# mandb Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/ru... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/ru... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/pt_BR... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/pt_BR... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/fr... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/fr... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/nl... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/nl... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/ja... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/ja... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/ko... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/ko... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/zh_CN... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/zh_CN... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/pl... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/pl... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/pt... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/pt... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/fr.ISO8859-1... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/fr.ISO8859-1... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/de... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/de... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/sr... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/sr... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/sl... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/sl... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/id... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/id... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/tr... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/tr... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/zh_TW... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/zh_TW... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/sv... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/sv... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/es... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/es... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/da... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/da... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/fr.UTF-8... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/fr.UTF-8... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/hu... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/hu... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/fi... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/fi... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/it... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/it... Purging old database entries in /usr/share/man/cs... Processing manual pages under /usr/share/man/cs... Processing manual pages under /usr/local/man... 0 man subdirectories contained newer manual pages. 0 manual pages were added. 0 stray cats were added. 2 old database entries were purged.
La commande whatis peut maintenant être utilisée pour identifier les sections des manuels disponibles pour une commande donnée :
root@ubuntu1804:~# whatis passwd passwd (1) - change user password passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes passwd (5) - the password file
Les options de la commande mandb sont :
root@ubuntu1804:~# mandb --help
Usage: mandb [OPTION...] [MANPATH]
-c, --create create dbs from scratch, rather than updating
-C, --config-file=FILE use this user configuration file
-d, --debug emit debugging messages
-f, --filename=FILENAME update just the entry for this filename
-p, --no-purge don't purge obsolete entries from the dbs
-q, --quiet work quietly, except for 'bogus' warning
-s, --no-straycats don't look for or add stray cats to the dbs
-t, --test check manual pages for correctness
-u, --user-db produce user databases only
-?, --help give this help list
--usage give a short usage message
-V, --version print program version
Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional
for any corresponding short options.
Report bugs to cjwatson@debian.org.
Les options de la commande whatis sont :
root@ubuntu1804:~# whatis --help
Usage: whatis [OPTION...] KEYWORD...
-d, --debug emit debugging messages
-v, --verbose print verbose warning messages
-r, --regex interpret each keyword as a regex
-w, --wildcard the keyword(s) contain wildcards
-l, --long do not trim output to terminal width
-C, --config-file=FILE use this user configuration file
-L, --locale=LOCALE define the locale for this search
-m, --systems=SYSTEM use manual pages from other systems
-M, --manpath=PATH set search path for manual pages to PATH
-s, --sections=LIST, --section=LIST
search only these sections (colon-separated)
-?, --help give this help list
--usage give a short usage message
-V, --version print program version
Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional
for any corresponding short options.
Report bugs to cjwatson@debian.org.
En plus du système des manuels, des informations concernant des exécutables peuvent être trouvées dans le système info. De l'information détaillée, des exemples et des tutoriels peuvent être absents du système des manuels. Pour cette raison le système info a été créé.
Dans le système info, de multiples pages d'informations concernant un exécutable, appelées nœuds, sont regroupées. La navigation entre nœuds est simple et utilise un système de liens hypertexte.
Afin de faciliter la navigation chaque page contient une entête qui inclut de l'information sur le nœud courant, le nœud parent, le nœud précédent et le nœud suivant. Pour naviguer entre les nœuds il convient d'utiliser les touches suivantes :
| Touch | Fonction |
|---|---|
| n | Nœud suivant. |
| p | Nœud précédent. |
| u | Nœud parent. |
| Espace | Défiler une page vers le bas. |
| Suppr | Défiler une page vers le haut. |
| b | Retour au début du nœud courant. |
| Tab ⇆ | Sélectionner le lien hypertexte suivant. |
| m <lien> | Aller au sous-nœud spécifié. En appuyant sur [Tab], on obtient la liste de tous les sous-nœuds. |
| ↵ Entrée | Suivre le lien hypertexte courant. Un lien hypertexte commence avec un astérisque et se termine avec le caractère :. |
| q | Quitter le système info. |
Pour accéder au premier nœud, utilisez la commande suivante :
root@ubuntu1804:~# info
...
File: dir, Node: Top, This is the top of the INFO tree.
This is the Info main menu (aka directory node).
A few useful Info commands:
'q' quits;
'H' lists all Info commands;
'h' starts the Info tutorial;
'mTexinfo RET' visits the Texinfo manual, etc.
* Menu:
Basics
* Common options: (coreutils)Common options.
* Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities.
* Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats.
* File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions.
Access modes.
* Ed: (ed). The GNU line editor
* Finding files: (find). Operating on files matching certain criteria.
C++ libraries
* autosprintf: (autosprintf). Support for printf format strings in C++.
Compression
* Gzip: (gzip). General (de)compression of files (lzw).
Development
* SSIP: (ssip). Speech Synthesis Interface Protocol.
* Speech Dispatcher: (speech-dispatcher).
Speech Dispatcher.
DOS
* Mtools: (mtools). Mtools: utilities to access DOS disks in Unix.
Editors
* nano: (nano). Small and friendly text editor.
-----Info: (dir)Top, 256 lines --Top-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to Info version 6.5. Type H for help, h for tutorial.
Les options de cette commande sont :
root@ubuntu1804:~# info --help
Usage: info [OPTION]... [MENU-ITEM...]
Read documentation in Info format.
Frequently-used options:
-a, --all use all matching manuals
-k, --apropos=STRING look up STRING in all indices of all manuals
-d, --directory=DIR add DIR to INFOPATH
-f, --file=MANUAL specify Info manual to visit
-h, --help display this help and exit
--index-search=STRING go to node pointed by index entry STRING
-n, --node=NODENAME specify nodes in first visited Info file
-o, --output=FILE output selected nodes to FILE
-O, --show-options, --usage go to command-line options node
--subnodes recursively output menu items
-v, --variable VAR=VALUE assign VALUE to Info variable VAR
--version display version information and exit
-w, --where, --location print physical location of Info file
The first non-option argument, if present, is the menu entry to start from;
it is searched for in all 'dir' files along INFOPATH.
If it is not present, info merges all 'dir' files and shows the result.
Any remaining arguments are treated as the names of menu
items relative to the initial node visited.
For a summary of key bindings, type H within Info.
Examples:
info show top-level dir menu
info info-stnd show the manual for this Info program
info emacs start at emacs node from top-level dir
info emacs buffers select buffers menu entry in emacs manual
info emacs -n Files start at Files node within emacs manual
info '(emacs)Files' alternative way to start at Files node
info --show-options emacs start at node with emacs' command line options
info --subnodes -o out.txt emacs
dump entire emacs manual to out.txt
info -f ./foo.info show file ./foo.info, not searching dir
Email bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org,
general questions and discussion to help-texinfo@gnu.org.
Texinfo home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
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Copyright © 2019 Hugh Norris.<br><br>
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