Linux System Administration

Presentation

Objectives: Learn Basic System Administration on Linux.
Delivery mechanism: Classroom Training
Who can benefit: Windows™, Mac and Unix users/administrators.
Prerequisites: Computer literacy.
Learning technique: Clear, theoretical course content divided into lessons and extensive LABS both available on-line 24/24 7/7 and downloadable in PDF format.
Student Progression: Student progression is monitored both in terms of effective course duration and in terms of student comprehension using self-assessment tests.
Operating Systems covered by this course: CentOS/Redhat, Debian, openSUSE.
Duration: 35 hours over 5 days.

Contents

Managing Users and Groups

Groups

Users

Commands

Groups

groupadd

Command Line Switches

groupdel

Command Line Switches

groupmod

Command Line Switches

newgrp

Command Line Switches

gpasswd

Command Line Switches

Users

useradd

Command Line Switches

userdel

Command Line Switches

usermod

Command Line Switches

passwd

Command Line Switches

Configuration

LAB #1 - Managing Groups and Users

su et su -

sudo

Commands : grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, newgrp, gpasswd, useradd, userdel, usermod, passwd, id, groups, su, sudo.

Package Management

Compiling Software the Old Way

./configure

make

make check

make install

The rpm Command with Red Hat and OpenSUSE

Yellow Dog Updater Modified and Red Hat

Configuration

Repositories

Usage

LAB #1 - Working with Yum

Zypper and OpenSUSE

Configuration

Repositories

Usage

LAB #2 - Working with Zypper

The dpkg Command

Advanced Package Tool and Debian

Configuration

Repositories

Usage

LAB #1 - Working with Apt

Shared Libraries

Presentation

Introduction

Shared Object Locations

ld-linux.so.2

The ldd Command

The /etc/ld.so.conf File

The ldconfig Command

Commands : rpm, yum, dpkg, apt-get, apt-cache, zypper, mc, wget, configure, make, ldd, ldconfig.

Managing File Permissions

Preparation

Basic Unix File Permissions

Changing Permissions with chmod

Symbolic Mode

Octal Mode

Command Line Switches

The umask command

Commande Line Switches

Changing the Owner or the Group with chown and chgrp

Commande Line Switches

Advanced Unix Permissions

SUID/SGID bit

Inheritance Flag

Sticky bit

ACLs

Commande Line Switches

Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 Attributes

Commands : chmod, umask, chown, chgrp, setfacl, getfacl, chattr, lsattr.

Managing Disks and Swap Space

Block Devices

Partitions

Master Boot Record

Apple Partition Map

GUID Partition Table

Partitioning

LAB #1 - Using fdisk

Journaled Filesystems

Presentation

Ext3

Ext4

ReiserFS

XFS

JFS

Swap Space

Swap Size

Swap Partitions

The swapon Command

Command Line Switches

The swapoff Command

Command Line Switches

The /etc/fstab file

Swap Files

Commands : fdisk, mke2fs, tune2fs, dumpe2fs, mkfs.xfs, xfs_info, xfs_admin, mkfs.reiserfs, debugreiserfs, reiserfstune, mkfs.jfs, jfs_tune, mkswap, swapon, swapoff.

Process Scheduling

cron

anacron

at

Commands : cron, anacron, at.

Archiving and Compression

Archiving

tar

Presentation

Command Line Switches

LAB #1 - Exercises

cpio

Presentation

Command Line Switches

LAB #2 - Exercises

dd

Presentation

Command Line Switches

LAB #3 - Exercises

dump and restore

Presentation

Compression

gzip

Presentation

Command Line Switches

LAB #4 - Exercises

bzip2

Presentation

Command Line Switches

LAB #5 - Exercises

Other Tools

Commands : tar, cpio, dd, dump, restore, gzip, gunzip, bzip2, bunzip2, xz, compress, uncompress, rar, unrar, zip, unzip.

Process Management

Process Types

Process Commands

The ps Command

Command Line Switches

The pstree Command

Command Line Switches

The top Command

The fg and bg Commands

Command Line Switches

The wait Command

The nice Command

Command Line Switches

The renice Command

Command Line Switches

The nohup Command

Command Line Switches

The kill Command

Commands : ps, pstree, top, fg, bg, wait, nice, renice, nohup, kill.

Managing Logs

The /var/log/messages file

The /bin/dmesg Command

The /var/log/audit/audit.log file

Managing Audit Events

auditd

auditctl

Command Line Switches

audispd

Viewing Audit Events

The aureport Command

Command Line Switches

The ausearch Command

Command Line Switches

Applications

rsyslog

Priorities

Facilities

/etc/rsyslog.conf

Modules

Global Directives

Rules

Facility.Priority

Facility!Priority

Facility=Priority

Using the * Wildcard

n Facilities with Identical Priorities

n Selectors with Identical Actions

/usr/bin/logger

Command Line Switches

Commands : dmesg, auditd, auditctl, audoispd, aureport, ausearch, rsyslog, logger, logrotate.

Printer Management

Introduction

Protocols

Daemon

Configuration

/etc/cups/cupsd.conf

Filters

Backends

Logs

Printers

Administration

The lpstat Command

The lpadmin Command

The accept and cupsenable Commands

Setting Up the Default Printer

Using a .ppd File to Add a Printer

Classes

The /etc/cups/printers.conf File

The /etc/cups/classes.conf File

The cancel Command

The lpmove Command

Destroying a Class

Web Interface

Graphical Interface

Commands : lpadmin, accept, reject, cupsenable, cupsdisable, lpstat, cancel, lpmove, lpinfo, lppasswd, lp.

System Startup and Shutdown

System Startup

Boot Loader

BIOS Systems

EFI Systems

GRUB

GRUB LEGACY on Red Hat/CentOS

GRUB LEGACY on OpenSUSE

GRUB 2 on Debian Squeeze

The /boot/grub/device.map file

The /etc/default/grub file

Files in the /etc/grub.d directory

Initramfs

Initramfs on Redhat / CentOS

The init Script

The dracut Command

Initramfs on Debian Squeeze

The init Script

The mkinitramfs Command

Initramfs on openSUSE

The init Script

The mkinitrd Command

Kernel Booting Process

The Init Process

RUNLEVELS

Unix System V Startup Scripts

Debian Squeeze

Inittab

The /etc/init.d directory

Le script rc.S

The /etc/rcX.d Directories

The update-rc.d Command

The chkconfig Command

openSUSE

Upstart Startup Scripts

Red Hat/CentOS 6

System Initialisation

Runlevels

[CTL]-[ALT]-[DEL]

mingetty

rc.sysinit

The /etc/rc.d/init.d Directory

The /etc/rc.d/rcX.d Directories

La commande chkconfig

System Shutdown

The shutdown Command

The reboot command

The halt Command

The poweroff Command

Commands : grub_install, runlevel, init, telinit, chkconfig, update-rc.d, dracut, mkinitramfs, mkinitrd, shutdown, halt, reboot, poweroff.

Managing Integrated Peripherals

Special Files

Commands

The lspci Command

Command Line Switches

The lsusb Command

Command Line Switches

The dmidecode Command

Command Line Switches

The /proc Directory

Sub-directories

ide/scsi

acpi

bus

net

sys

The sysctl Command

Command Line Switches

Files

/proc/cpuinfo

/proc/interrupts

/proc/dma

/proc/ioports

/proc/devices

/proc/modules

/proc/diskstats

/proc/partitions

/proc/swaps

/proc/loadavg

/proc/meminfo

/proc/version

Interpreting Information in /proc

Commands

free

uptime or w

iostat

vmstat

mpstat

sar

Production Environements

Identifying a System with a CPU Bottleneck

Identifying a Memory Problem

Identifying I/O Bottlenecks

USB Modules

udev

The udevadm Command

Command Line Switches

The /sys Filesystem

Limiting Resources

Commands: lspci, lsusb, dmidecode, free, uptime, w, iostat, vmstat, mpstat, sar, udevadm.

Managing a TCPv4 Network

Communication models

OSI

NDIS and ODI

TCP/IP

Messages, Datagrams and Segments

Establishing a TCP connection

The TCP header

The UDP header

Fragmentation and Re-encapsulation

TCPv4 Classes

Subnet Masks

Variable Length Subnet Masks - VLSM

Ports and sockets

Configuring a Network Client under Linux

/etc/services

Ethernet address resolution with arp

Command Line Switches

Configuring TCP/IP v4

Red Hat

DHCP

/etc/sysconfig/network

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethX (où X=0,1 …)

Fixed IP Address

/etc/sysconfig/network

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethX (où X=0,1 …)

Debian

DHCP

/etc/network/interfaces

Fixed IP Address

/etc/network/interfaces

openSUSE

DHCP

/etc/sysconfig/network/config

/etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp

/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-ethX (où X=0,1 …)

Fixed IP Address

/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-ethX (où X=0,1 …)

The /etc/networks file

IP address resolution

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/hosts

Network Services

xinetd

TCP Wrapper

Basic Networking Commands

hostname

Command Line Switches

ifconfig

Command Line Switches

ping

Command Line Switches

netstat -i

Command Line Switches

Static Routing Tables

The route Command

Command Line Switches

The netstat Command

Command Line Switches

The traceroute Command

Command Line Switches

Turning routing ON/OFF

Manually bringing up and down a network interface

Remote Administration

Telnet

Command Line Switches

ssh

Command Line Switches

wget

Command Line Switches

ftp

Command Line Switches

scp

Command Line Switches

Commands: netstat, arp, nslookup, dig, ifconfig, ifup, ifdown, ifstatus, NetworkManager, hostname, uname, ping, tcpd, xinetd, route, traceroute, telnet, ssh, wget, ftp, scp.

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