Debian Linux : System Administration

Presentation

Objectives : Learn Debian Linux system administration.
Who can benefit: Linux users and technicians / Windows™, Mac and Unix users/administrators.
Prerequisites: Computer literacy.
Learning technique : Clear, theoretical course content divided into lessons and extensive LABS available on-line 24/24 7/7.
Duration : 35 hours.
Instructor : Certified LPI.
Student Progression : Student progression is monitored both in terms of effective course duration and in terms of student comprehension using self-assessment tests.
Resources : Debian 8 Virtual Appliance.

Cursus

Managing Users and Groups

Groups

Users

Commands

Groups

groupadd

groupdel

groupmod

newgrp

gpasswd

Users

useradd

userdel

usermod

passwd

Configuration

LAB #1 - Managing Groups and Users

su et su -

sudo

Commands : getent, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, newgrp, gpasswd, useradd, userdel, usermod, passwd, id, groups, su, sudo.

Package Management

Compiling Software the Old Way

./configure

make

make check

make install

The dpkg Command

Advanced Package Tool

Configuration

Repositories

Usage

LAB #1 - Working with Apt

Shared Libraries

Presentation

Introduction

Shared Object Locations

ld-linux.so.2

The ldd Command

The /etc/ld.so.conf File

The ldconfig Command

Commands : dpkg, apt-get, apt-cache, mc, wget, configure, make, ldd, ldconfig.

Managing File Permissions

Preparation

Basic Unix File Permissions

Changing Permissions with chmod

Symbolic Mode

Octal Mode

The umask command

Changing the Owner or the Group with chown and chgrp

Advanced Unix Permissions

SUID/SGID bit

Inheritance Flag

Sticky bit

ACLs

Commande Line Switches

Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 Attributes

Commands : chmod, umask, chown, chgrp, setfacl, getfacl, chattr, lsattr.

Managing Disks and Swap Space

Block Devices

Partitions

Master Boot Record

Apple Partition Map

GUID Partition Table

Partitioning

LAB #1 - Using fdisk and parted

Journaled Filesystems

Presentation

Ext3

Ext4

ReiserFS

XFS

JFS

Btrfs

Swap Space

Swap Size

Swap Partitions

The swapon Command

The swapoff Command

The /etc/fstab file

Swap Files

Logical Volume Manager (LVM)

Physical Volumes (PV)

Volume Groups (VG) and Physical Extents (PE)

Logical Volumes (LV)

Administration

Snapshots

Deleting Volumes

Mirrored Logical Volumes

Attributes

Striped Logical Volumes

Metadata

Commands : fdisk, gdisk, parted, swapon, swapoff, mkswap, dumpe2fs, tune2fs, mke2fs, mkfs.ext3, e2fsck, resize2fs, debugfs, e2label, mkfs.ext4, mkfs.xfs, xfs_check, xfs_repair, xfs_admin, xfs_growfs, xfs_info, xfs_metadump, xfs_db, xfs_admin, mkfs.reiserfs, mkreiserfs, reiserfsck, reiserfstune, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs, mkfs.jfs, jfs_tune, jfs_fsck, jfs_febugfs, btrfs-balance, btrfs-check, btrfs-device, btrfs-filesystem, btrfs-inspect-internal, btrfs-property, btrfs-qgroup, btrfs-quota, btrfs-qgroup, btrfs-receive, btrfs-replace, btrfs-rescue, btrfs-restore, btrfs-scrub, btrfs-send, btrfs-subvolume, pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate, pvdisplay, vgdisplay, lvdisplay, lvextend, lvreduce, resize2fs, lvs, lvremove, vgremove, pvremove, lvconvert, vgs, pvs, lvchange, vgcfgbackup, vgcfgrestore.

Process Scheduling

cron

anacron

at

Commands : cron, anacron, at.

Archiving and Compression

Archiving

tar

Presentation

LAB #1 - Using tar

cpio

Presentation

Command Line Switches

LAB #2 - Using cpio

dd

Presentation

Command Line Switches

LAB #3 - Using dd

dump and restore

Presentation

Compression

gzip

Presentation

LAB #4 - Using gzip

bzip2

Presentation

LAB #5 - Using bzip2

xz

Presentation

LAB #5 - Using xz

Other Tools

Commands : tar, cpio, dd, dump, restore, gzip, gunzip, bzip2, bunzip2, xz, compress, uncompress, rar, unrar, zip, unzip.

Process Management

Process Types

Process priorities

Synchronous and Asynchronous

Process Commands

The ps Command

The pstree Command

The top Command

The fg and bg Commands

The wait Command

The nice Command

The renice Command

The nohup Command

The kill Command

Commands : ps, pstree, top, fg, bg, wait, nice, renice, nohup, kill.

Managing Logs

The /var/log/messages file

The /bin/dmesg Command

The /var/log/audit/audit.log file

Managing Audit Events

auditd

auditctl

audispd

Viewing Audit Events

The aureport Command

The ausearch Command

Applications

rsyslog

Priorities

Facilities

/etc/rsyslog.conf

Modules

Global Directives

Rules

Facility.Priority

Facility!Priority

Facility=Priority

Using the * Wildcard

n Facilities with Identical Priorities

n Selectors with Identical Actions

/usr/bin/logger

/usr/bin/logrotate

Journald

Viewing logs

Viewing logs of a specific application

Viewing the logs of the last boot process

Viewing logs of a specific priority

Viewing logs over a date period

Viewing logs in real time

Viewing logs using keywords

Commands : dmesg, auditd, auditctl, audoispd, aureport, ausearch, rsyslog, logger, logrotate, journalctl.

Printer Management

Introduction

Protocols

Daemon

Configuration

/etc/cups/cupsd.conf

Filters

Backends

Logs

Printers

Administration

The lpstat Command

The lpadmin Command

The accept and cupsenable Commands

Setting Up the Default Printer

Using a .ppd File to Add a Printer

Classes

The /etc/cups/printers.conf File

The /etc/cups/classes.conf File

The cancel Command

The lpmove Command

Destroying a Class

Web Interface

Graphical Interface

Commands : lpadmin, accept, reject, cupsenable, cupsdisable, lpstat, cancel, lpmove, lpinfo, lppasswd, lp.

System Startup and Shutdown

System Startup

Boot Loader

BIOS Systems

EFI Systems

GRUB 2

The /boot/grub/device.map file

The /etc/default/grub file

Files in the /etc/grub.d directory

/etc/grub.d/10_Linux

/etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

/etc/grub.d/40_custom

/etc/grub.d/41_custom

Password protection

Initramfs

The mkinitramfs Command

Kernel Booting Process

The Systemd startup process

The systemctl command

Configuration files

The systemd-analyze command

Managing systemd services

System Shutdown

The shutdown Command

The reboot command

The halt Command

The poweroff Command

Commands : grub_install, runlevel, init, telinit, chkconfig, update-rc.d, mkinitramfs, systemctl, systemd-analyze, shutdown, halt, reboot, poweroff.

Managing Integrated Peripherals

Special Files

Commands

The lspci Command

The lsusb Command

The dmidecode Command

The /proc Directory

Sub-directories

ide/scsi

acpi

bus

net

sys

The sysctl Command

Files

/proc/cpuinfo

/proc/interrupts

/proc/dma

/proc/ioports

/proc/devices

/proc/modules

/proc/diskstats

/proc/partitions

/proc/swaps

/proc/loadavg

/proc/meminfo

/proc/version

Interpreting Information in /proc

Commands

free

uptime or w

iostat

vmstat

mpstat

sar

Production Environements

Identifying a System with a CPU Bottleneck

Identifying a Memory Problem

Identifying I/O Bottlenecks

USB Modules

udev

The udevadm Command

The /sys Filesystem

Planning resources - the collectd command

Limiting Resources

ulimit

Control groups

Commands: lspci, lsusb, dmidecode, free, uptime, w, iostat, vmstat, mpstat, sar, udevadm, collectd, sysctl.

Managing a the Network

Communication models

OSI

NDIS and ODI

TCP/IP

Messages, Datagrams and Segments

Establishing a TCP connection

The TCP header

The UDP header

Fragmentation and Re-encapsulation

TCPv4 Classes

Subnet Masks

Variable Length Subnet Masks - VLSM

Ports and sockets

Configuring a Network Client under Linux

/etc/services

Ethernet address resolution with arp

Configuring TCP/IP on Debian 6

DHCP

/etc/network/interfaces

Fixed IP Address

/etc/network/interfaces

The hostname command

The ifconfig command

Manually bringing up and down a network interface

The /etc/networks file

IP address resolution

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/hosts

Configuring TCP/IP on Debian 8

The nmcli command

Connections and Profiles

Adding a second IP address to an existing profile

The hostname command

The ip command

Manually bringing up and down a network interface

Network Services

xinetd

TCP Wrapper

Network Diagostic Commands

ping

ping6

netstat-i

traceroute

traceroute 6

tracepath6

Static Routing Tables on Debian 6

The route Command

The netstat Command

Turning routing ON/OFF

Static Routing Tables on Debian 8

The ip Command

Turning routing ON/OFF

Remote Administration

Telnet

ssh

wget

ftp

scp

Administrating an NFS server

Presentation

NFSv3 services and processes

Basic commands

Server installation on Debian 6

Client installation on Debian 6

Server installation on Debian 8

Client installation on Debian 8

The rpcinfo command

The nfsstat command

Packet Sniffers

TCPdump

Wireshark

Port Scanners

nmap

netcat

The Netfilter Firewall

Introduction

Configuration using scripts on Debian 6

Configuration using firewalld on Debian 8

Cryptologie

GnuPG

Public Key Infrastructures

X509 Certificates

SSH and SCP

SSH Tunneling

Commands : netstat, arp, nslookup, dig, ifconfig, ifup, ifdown, ifstatus, NetworkManager, hostname, uname, nmcli, ip, network-manager, ping, ping6, Traceroute, Traceroute6, Tracepath6, tcpd, xinetd, route, ntpd, telnet, wget, ftp, tcpdump, wireshark, nmap, netcat, iptables, gpg, firewall-cmd, ssh, scp.