Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
elearning:workbooks:redhat:rh134:l104 [2024/10/21 15:20] – removed admin | elearning:workbooks:redhat:rh134:l104 [2024/10/24 12:57] (Version actuelle) – admin | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
+ | ~~PDF: | ||
+ | Version : **2024.01** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ======RH13405 - Gestion des Disques, des Systèmes de Fichiers et du Swap====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Contenu du Module===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **RH13405 - Gestion des Disques, des Systèmes de Fichiers et du Swap** | ||
+ | * Contenu du Module | ||
+ | * Périphériques de stockage | ||
+ | * Partitions | ||
+ | * Partitionnement | ||
+ | * LAB #1 - Partitionnement de votre Disque avec fdisk | ||
+ | * LAB #2 - Modifier les Drapeaux des Partitions avec fdisk | ||
+ | * Logical Volume Manager (LVM) | ||
+ | * LAB #3 - Volumes Logiques Linéaires | ||
+ | * Physical Volume (PV) | ||
+ | * Volume Group (VG) et Physical Extent (PE) | ||
+ | * Logical Volumes (LV) | ||
+ | * LAB #4 - Étendre un Volume Logique à Chaud | ||
+ | * LAB #5 - Snapshots | ||
+ | * LAB #6 - Suppression des Volumes | ||
+ | * LAB #7 - Volumes Logiques en Miroir | ||
+ | * LAB #8 - Modifier les Attributs LVM | ||
+ | * LAB #9 - Volumes Logiques en Bandes | ||
+ | * LAB #10 - Gérer les Métadonnées | ||
+ | * Raid Logiciel | ||
+ | * Concepts RAID | ||
+ | * Disques en miroir | ||
+ | * Bandes de données | ||
+ | * Types de RAID | ||
+ | * RAID 0 - Concaténation | ||
+ | * RAID 0 - Striping | ||
+ | * RAID 1 - Miroir | ||
+ | * RAID 1+0 - Striping en Miroir | ||
+ | * RAID 2 - Miroir avec Contrôle d' | ||
+ | * RAID 3 et 4 - Striping avec Parité | ||
+ | * RAID 5 - Striping avec Parité Distribuée | ||
+ | * Au délà de RAID 5 | ||
+ | * LAB #11 - Mise en Place du RAID 5 Logiciel | ||
+ | * 11.1 - Préparer le disque | ||
+ | * 11.2 - Créer une Unité RAID | ||
+ | * 11.3 - Remplacer une Unité Défaillante | ||
+ | * LAB #12 - Travailler avec Stratis | ||
+ | * 12.1 - Présentation | ||
+ | * Concepts clés de Stratis | ||
+ | * Gestion simplifiée | ||
+ | * Avantages de Stratis | ||
+ | * Stratis vs ZFS/Btrfs | ||
+ | * 12.2 - Travailler avec Stratis | ||
+ | * Installation | ||
+ | * Création d'un Pool | ||
+ | * Création d'un Système de Fichiers | ||
+ | * Montage du System de Fichiers | ||
+ | * Croissance Dynamique du Système de Fichiers | ||
+ | * Création d'un Snapshot | ||
+ | * Suppression des Systèmes de Fichiers | ||
+ | * Systèmes de Fichiers Journalisés | ||
+ | * Présentation | ||
+ | * LAB #13 - Ext3 | ||
+ | * 13.1 - Gestion d'Ext3 | ||
+ | * 13.2 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext2 | ||
+ | * 13.3 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext2 en Ext3 | ||
+ | * 13.4 - Placer le Journal sur un autre Partition | ||
+ | * 13.5 - Modifier la Fréquence de Vérification du Système de Fichiers Ext3 | ||
+ | * LAB #14 - Ext4 | ||
+ | * 14.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Ext4 | ||
+ | * 14.2 - Ajouter une Étiquette au Système de Fichiers Ext4 | ||
+ | * 14.3 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext4 | ||
+ | * LAB #15 - XFS | ||
+ | * 15.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers XFS | ||
+ | * 15.2 - Ajouter une Étiquette au Système de Fichiers XFS | ||
+ | * Autres Systèmes de Fichiers | ||
+ | * ReiserFS | ||
+ | * JFS | ||
+ | * Btrfs | ||
+ | * Comparaison des Commandes par Système de Fichiers | ||
+ | * LAB #16 - Système de Fichiers ISO | ||
+ | * 16.1 - La Commande mkisofs | ||
+ | * LAB #17 - Systèmes de Fichiers Chiffrés | ||
+ | * 17.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Chiffré avec LUKS | ||
+ | * Présentation | ||
+ | * Mise en Place | ||
+ | * Ajouter une deuxième Passphrase | ||
+ | * Supprimer une Passphrase | ||
+ | * Supprimer LUKS | ||
+ | * LAB #18 - Le Swap | ||
+ | * 18.1 - Taille du swap | ||
+ | * 18.2 - Partitions de swap | ||
+ | * 18.3 - La Commande swapon | ||
+ | * 18.4 - La Commande swapoff | ||
+ | * 18.5 - Créer un Fichier de Swap | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Périphériques de stockage===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les unités de stockage sous Linux sont référencées par un des fichiers se trouvant dans le répertoire **/dev** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * hd[a-d] | ||
+ | * Les disques IDE et les lecteurs ATAPI | ||
+ | * sd[a-z] | ||
+ | * Les disques SCSI et SATA | ||
+ | * mmcblk[0-7] | ||
+ | * Les cartes SD/MMC | ||
+ | * scd[0-7] | ||
+ | * Les CDRoms SCSI | ||
+ | * xd[a-d] | ||
+ | * Les premiers disques sur IBM XT | ||
+ | * fd[0-7] | ||
+ | * Les lecteurs de disquettes | ||
+ | * st[0-7] | ||
+ | * Les lecteurs de bandes SCSI/SATA qui **supportent** le rembobinage | ||
+ | * nst[0-7] | ||
+ | * Les lecteurs de bandes SCSI/SATA qui ne supportent **pas** le rembobinage | ||
+ | * ht[0-7] | ||
+ | * Les lecteurs de bandes PATA qui **supportent** le rembobinage | ||
+ | * nht[0-7] | ||
+ | * Les lecteurs de bandes PATA qui ne supportent **pas** le rembobinage | ||
+ | * rmt8, rmt16, tape-d, tape-reset | ||
+ | * Les lecteurs QIC-80 | ||
+ | * ram[0-15] | ||
+ | * Les disques virtuels. Ils sont supprimés à l' | ||
+ | * Périphériques **loop** | ||
+ | * Il existe 16 unités loop qui sont utilisés pour accèder en mode bloc à un système de fichiers contenu dans un fichier, par exemple, une image **iso** | ||
+ | * md[x] | ||
+ | * Un volume **RAID** logiciel | ||
+ | * vg[x] | ||
+ | * Un groupe de volumes | ||
+ | * lv[x] | ||
+ | * Un volume logique | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Partitions===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Un PC comportent en règle générale 2 **contrôleurs** de disque, chacun capable de gérer 2 disques, un **maître** et un **esclave**. Les disques attachés à ces contrôleurs comportent des noms différents pour pouvoir les distinguer : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Contrôleur 0 | ||
+ | * Maître | ||
+ | * **hda** - disque IDE | ||
+ | * **sda** - disque SATA ou SCSI | ||
+ | * Esclave | ||
+ | * **hdb** - disque IDE | ||
+ | * **sdb** - disque SATA ou SCSI | ||
+ | * Contrôleur 1 | ||
+ | * Maître | ||
+ | * **hdc** - disque IDE | ||
+ | * **sdc** - disque SATA ou SCSI | ||
+ | * Esclave | ||
+ | * **hdd** - disque IDE | ||
+ | * **sdd** - disque SATA ou SCSI | ||
+ | |||
+ | Un disque peut comporter trois types de partitions : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **Partitions primaires**, | ||
+ | * Maximum de **4**. En effet, la Table des Partitions est grande de 64 octets. Il faut 16 octets pour codés une partition. | ||
+ | * **Partitions Etendues**, | ||
+ | * Généralement une seule partition étendue par disque. Elle contient des **Lecteurs Logiques** aussi appelés des partitions, | ||
+ | * **Lecteurs Logiqiques**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les 4 partitions primaires sont numérotées de 1 à 4. Par exemple : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **hda1**, **hda2**, **hda3** et **hda4** pour le premier disque **IDE** sur le premier contrôleur de disque, | ||
+ | * **sda1**, **sda2**, **sda3** et **sda4** pour le premier disque **SCSI** ou **SATA** sur le premier contrôleur de disque. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{free: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une partition étendue prend la place d'une partition primaire et les lecteurs logiques qui s'y trouvent commencent à partir de **hda5** ou de **sda5**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour clarifier ceci, considérons un disque **SATA** contenant deux partitions primaires, une seule partition étendue et 3 lecteurs logiques. Dans ce cas, les deux premières partitions sont **sda1** et **sda2**, la partition étendue prend la place de la troisième partition primaire, la **sda3** et s' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les lecteurs logiques commençant à **sda5**, nous obtenons la liste de partitions suivante : sda1, sda2, sda5, sda6, sda7. Notez que la sda3 ne peut pas être utilisée en tant que partition car elle est cachée par les lecteurs sda5, sda6 et sda7. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{free: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le nombre de partitions sur un disque est limité : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **IDE**, | ||
+ | * Jusqu' | ||
+ | * **SCSI**, | ||
+ | * Jusqu' | ||
+ | * **Disques utilisant l'API libata**, | ||
+ | * Jusqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Ces limites peuvent être dépassées en utilisant la gestion **LVM** (//Logical Volume Management// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Partitionnement===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le schéma de partitionnement **Master Boot Record** (MBR) est la norme sur les systèmes qui utilisent le BIOS. Ce schéma prend en charge un maximum de quatre partitions primaires. Sur les systèmes Linux, avec des partitions étendues et logiques, vous pouvez créer jusqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | La limite de 2 TiB pour la taille des disques et des partitions est désormais une limite courante et restrictive. Par conséquent, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour les systèmes qui utilisent le micrologiciel UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), GPT est la norme pour le partitionnement des disques et répond aux limites du schéma MBR. GPT offre un maximum de 128 partitions au maximum. Le schéma GPT alloue 64 bits pour les adresses de blocs logiques, afin de prendre en charge des partitions et des disques allant jusqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le partitionnement GPT offre des fonctionnalités et des avantages supplémentaires par rapport au MBR. GPT utilise un identifiant unique (GUID) pour identifier chaque disque et chaque partition. GPT rend la table de partition redondante avec le GPT primaire en tête de disque et un GPT secondaire de sauvegarde à la fin du disque. GPT utilise une somme de contrôle pour détecter les erreurs dans l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #1 - Partitionnement de votre Disque sous RedHat 9 avec fdisk==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour procéder au partitionnement de votre disque ou de vos disques, RedHat 9 possède l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lancez fdisk en fournissant en argument le fichier de référence de votre premier disque dur, par exemple : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb | ||
+ | |||
+ | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.4). | ||
+ | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. | ||
+ | Be careful before using the write command. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device does not contain a recognized partition table. | ||
+ | Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x23a56c2e. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tapez ensuite la lettre **m** puis < | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): m | ||
+ | |||
+ | Help: | ||
+ | |||
+ | DOS (MBR) | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Generic | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Misc | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Script | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Save & Exit | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a new label | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour créer une nouvelle partition, vous devez utiliser la commande **n**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez donc les partitions suivantes sur votre disque : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Partition ^ Type ^ Taille de la Partition ^ | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb1 | Primaire | 100 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb2 | Primaire | 100 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb3 | Primaire | 100 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb4 | Extended | Du premier secteur disponible au dernier secteur du disque | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb5 | Logique | 500 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb6 | Logique | 200 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb7 | Logique | 300 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sda8 | Logique | 500 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb9 | Logique | 400 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb10 | Logique | 500 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb11 | Logique | 500 Mo | | ||
+ | | /dev/sdb12 | Logique | 200 Mo | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | Partition type | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Select (default p): | ||
+ | |||
+ | Using default response p. | ||
+ | Partition number (1-4, default 1): | ||
+ | First sector (2048-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 1 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | Partition type | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Select (default p): | ||
+ | |||
+ | Using default response p. | ||
+ | Partition number (2-4, default 2): | ||
+ | First sector (206848-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 2 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | Partition type | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Select (default p): | ||
+ | |||
+ | Using default response p. | ||
+ | Partition number (3,4, default 3): | ||
+ | First sector (411648-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 3 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez ensuite la partition étendue : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | Partition type | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Select (default e): | ||
+ | |||
+ | Using default response e. | ||
+ | Selected partition 4 | ||
+ | First sector (616448-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 4 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant les autres partitions l'une après l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | All primary partitions are in use. | ||
+ | Adding logical partition 5 | ||
+ | First sector (618496-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 5 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | All primary partitions are in use. | ||
+ | Adding logical partition 6 | ||
+ | First sector (1644544-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 6 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | All primary partitions are in use. | ||
+ | Adding logical partition 7 | ||
+ | First sector (2056192-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 7 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | All primary partitions are in use. | ||
+ | Adding logical partition 8 | ||
+ | First sector (2672640-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 8 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | All primary partitions are in use. | ||
+ | Adding logical partition 9 | ||
+ | First sector (3698688-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 9 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | All primary partitions are in use. | ||
+ | Adding logical partition 10 | ||
+ | First sector (4519936-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 10 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | All primary partitions are in use. | ||
+ | Adding logical partition 11 | ||
+ | First sector (5545984-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 11 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): n | ||
+ | All primary partitions are in use. | ||
+ | Adding logical partition 12 | ||
+ | First sector (6572032-67108863, | ||
+ | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Created a new partition 12 of type ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tapez ensuite la lettre **p** puis < | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): p | ||
+ | Disk /dev/sdb: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | Disklabel type: dos | ||
+ | Disk identifier: 0x23a56c2e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ecrivez la table des partitions sur disque et exécutez la commande **partprobe** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): w | ||
+ | The partition table has been altered. | ||
+ | Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. | ||
+ | Syncing disks. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# partprobe | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lancez fdisk puis tapez ensuite la lettre **p** puis < | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb | ||
+ | |||
+ | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.4). | ||
+ | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. | ||
+ | Be careful before using the write command. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): p | ||
+ | Disk /dev/sdb: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | Disklabel type: dos | ||
+ | Disk identifier: 0x23a56c2e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour supprimer une partition, utilisez la commande **d** puis < | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): d | ||
+ | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Partition 12 has been deleted. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): p | ||
+ | Disk /dev/sdb: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | Disklabel type: dos | ||
+ | Disk identifier: 0x23a56c2e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | A ce stade, la partition n'a **pas** été réellement supprimée. En effet, vous avez la possibilité de sortir de fdisk en utilisant la commande **q**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tapez donc q pour sortir de fdisk puis relancez fdisk. Vous obtiendrez un résultat similaire à celui-ci : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): q | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb | ||
+ | |||
+ | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.4). | ||
+ | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. | ||
+ | Be careful before using the write command. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): p | ||
+ | Disk /dev/sdb: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | Disklabel type: dos | ||
+ | Disk identifier: 0x23a56c2e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #2 - Modifier les Drapeaux des Partitions avec fdisk==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Afin de mettre en place un RAID logiciel ou un volume logique, il est nécessaire de modifier les types de systèmes de fichiers sur les partitions créées. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Modifiez donc les nouvelles partitions à l'aide de la commande **t** de **fdisk** selon le tableau ci-dessous : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Taille de la Partition ^ Type de Système de Fichiers ^ | ||
+ | | 500 Mo | RAID (fd) | | ||
+ | | 200 Mo | Linux LVM (8e) | | ||
+ | | 300 Mo | Linux LVM (8e) | | ||
+ | | 500 Mo | RAID (fd) | | ||
+ | | 400 Mo | Linux LVM (8e) | | ||
+ | | 500 Mo | RAID (fd) | | ||
+ | | 500 Mo | RAID (fd) | | ||
+ | | 200 Mo | Inchangé | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vous obtiendrez un résultat similaire à celui-ci : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): t | ||
+ | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 5 | ||
+ | Hex code or alias (type L to list all): fd | ||
+ | |||
+ | Changed type of partition ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): t | ||
+ | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 6 | ||
+ | Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 8e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Changed type of partition ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): t | ||
+ | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 7 | ||
+ | Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 8e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Changed type of partition ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): t | ||
+ | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 8 | ||
+ | Hex code or alias (type L to list all): fd | ||
+ | |||
+ | Changed type of partition ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): t | ||
+ | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 9 | ||
+ | Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 8e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Changed type of partition ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): t | ||
+ | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 10 | ||
+ | Hex code or alias (type L to list all): fd | ||
+ | |||
+ | Changed type of partition ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): t | ||
+ | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 11 | ||
+ | Hex code or alias (type L to list all): fd | ||
+ | |||
+ | Changed type of partition ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | A l'issu des modifications, | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): p | ||
+ | Disk /dev/sdb: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | Disklabel type: dos | ||
+ | Disk identifier: 0x23a56c2e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Command (m for help): | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour écrire la nouvelle table des partitions sur disque, vous devez utilisez la commande **w** puis la commande **partprobe** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | Command (m for help): w | ||
+ | The partition table has been altered. | ||
+ | Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. | ||
+ | Syncing disks. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# partprobe | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Pour créer des partition GPT, RedHat 9 possède l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Options de la Commande fdisk==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de cette commande sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# fdisk --help | ||
+ | |||
+ | Usage: | ||
+ | fdisk [options] < | ||
+ | fdisk [options] -l [< | ||
+ | |||
+ | Display or manipulate a disk partition table. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Options: | ||
+ | -b, --sector-size < | ||
+ | -B, --protect-boot | ||
+ | -c, --compatibility[=< | ||
+ | -L, --color[=< | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -l, --list | ||
+ | -x, --list-details | ||
+ | -n, --noauto-pt | ||
+ | -o, --output < | ||
+ | -t, --type < | ||
+ | -u, --units[=< | ||
+ | -s, --getsz | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -w, --wipe < | ||
+ | -W, --wipe-partitions < | ||
+ | |||
+ | -C, --cylinders < | ||
+ | -H, --heads < | ||
+ | -S, --sectors < | ||
+ | |||
+ | -h, --help | ||
+ | -V, --version | ||
+ | |||
+ | Available output columns: | ||
+ | gpt: Device Start End Sectors Size Type Type-UUID Attrs Name UUID | ||
+ | dos: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs Boot End-C/H/S Start-C/H/S | ||
+ | bsd: Slice Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Bsize Cpg Fsize | ||
+ | sgi: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs | ||
+ | sun: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Flags | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more details see fdisk(8). | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Logical Volume Manager (LVM)===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #3 - Volumes Logiques Linéaires==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Afin de mettre en place le LVM, vous avez besoin du paquet **lvm2** et du paquet **device-mapper**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nous allons travailler sous RedHat 9 avec les partitions suivantes : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour initialiser le LVM saississez la commande suivante : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgscan | ||
+ | Found volume group " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **vgscan** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgscan --longhelp | ||
+ | vgscan - Search for all volume groups | ||
+ | |||
+ | vgscan | ||
+ | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | ||
+ | [ --mknodes ] | ||
+ | [ --notifydbus ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common variables for lvm: | ||
+ | Variables in option or position args are capitalized, | ||
+ | e.g. PV, VG, LV, Size, Number, String, Tag. | ||
+ | |||
+ | PV | ||
+ | Physical Volume name, a device path under /dev. | ||
+ | For commands managing physical extents, a PV positional arg | ||
+ | generally accepts a suffix indicating a range (or multiple ranges) | ||
+ | of PEs. When the first PE is omitted, it defaults to the start of | ||
+ | the device, and when the last PE is omitted it defaults to the end. | ||
+ | PV[: | ||
+ | PV[: | ||
+ | |||
+ | LV | ||
+ | Logical Volume name. See lvm(8) for valid names. An LV positional | ||
+ | arg generally includes the VG name and LV name, e.g. VG/LV. | ||
+ | LV followed by _< | ||
+ | required. (raid represents raid< | ||
+ | The _new suffix indicates that the LV name is new. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tag | ||
+ | Tag name. See lvm(8) for information about tag names and using | ||
+ | tags in place of a VG, LV or PV. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Select | ||
+ | Select indicates that a required positional arg can be omitted | ||
+ | if the --select option is used. No arg appears in this position. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Size[UNIT] | ||
+ | Size is an input number that accepts an optional unit. | ||
+ | Input units are always treated as base two values, regardless of | ||
+ | capitalization, | ||
+ | The default input unit is specified by letter, followed by |UNIT. | ||
+ | UNIT represents other possible input units: BbBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE. | ||
+ | (This should not be confused with the output control --units, where | ||
+ | capital letters mean multiple of 1000.) | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Physical Volume (PV)=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour créer le **PV** il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | ||
+ | Physical volume "/ | ||
+ | Physical volume "/ | ||
+ | Physical volume "/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **pvcreate** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# pvcreate --longhelp | ||
+ | pvcreate - Initialize physical volume(s) for use by LVM | ||
+ | |||
+ | pvcreate PV ... | ||
+ | [ -f|--force ] | ||
+ | [ -M|--metadatatype lvm2 ] | ||
+ | [ -u|--uuid String ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --dataalignment Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --dataalignmentoffset Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --bootloaderareasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --labelsector Number ] | ||
+ | [ --pvmetadatacopies 0|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ --metadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --metadataignore y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --norestorefile ] | ||
+ | [ --setphysicalvolumesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | [ --restorefile String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common variables for lvm: | ||
+ | Variables in option or position args are capitalized, | ||
+ | e.g. PV, VG, LV, Size, Number, String, Tag. | ||
+ | |||
+ | PV | ||
+ | Physical Volume name, a device path under /dev. | ||
+ | For commands managing physical extents, a PV positional arg | ||
+ | generally accepts a suffix indicating a range (or multiple ranges) | ||
+ | of PEs. When the first PE is omitted, it defaults to the start of | ||
+ | the device, and when the last PE is omitted it defaults to the end. | ||
+ | PV[: | ||
+ | PV[: | ||
+ | |||
+ | LV | ||
+ | Logical Volume name. See lvm(8) for valid names. An LV positional | ||
+ | arg generally includes the VG name and LV name, e.g. VG/LV. | ||
+ | LV followed by _< | ||
+ | required. (raid represents raid< | ||
+ | The _new suffix indicates that the LV name is new. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tag | ||
+ | Tag name. See lvm(8) for information about tag names and using | ||
+ | tags in place of a VG, LV or PV. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Select | ||
+ | Select indicates that a required positional arg can be omitted | ||
+ | if the --select option is used. No arg appears in this position. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Size[UNIT] | ||
+ | Size is an input number that accepts an optional unit. | ||
+ | Input units are always treated as base two values, regardless of | ||
+ | capitalization, | ||
+ | The default input unit is specified by letter, followed by |UNIT. | ||
+ | UNIT represents other possible input units: BbBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE. | ||
+ | (This should not be confused with the output control --units, where | ||
+ | capital letters mean multiple of 1000.) | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour visualiser les PVs il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | ||
+ | "/ | ||
+ | --- NEW Physical volume --- | ||
+ | PV Name / | ||
+ | VG Name | ||
+ | PV Size | ||
+ | Allocatable | ||
+ | PE Size | ||
+ | Total PE 0 | ||
+ | Free PE 0 | ||
+ | Allocated PE 0 | ||
+ | PV UUID | ||
+ | |||
+ | "/ | ||
+ | --- NEW Physical volume --- | ||
+ | PV Name / | ||
+ | VG Name | ||
+ | PV Size | ||
+ | Allocatable | ||
+ | PE Size | ||
+ | Total PE 0 | ||
+ | Free PE 0 | ||
+ | Allocated PE 0 | ||
+ | PV UUID | ||
+ | |||
+ | "/ | ||
+ | --- NEW Physical volume --- | ||
+ | PV Name / | ||
+ | VG Name | ||
+ | PV Size | ||
+ | Allocatable | ||
+ | PE Size | ||
+ | Total PE 0 | ||
+ | Free PE 0 | ||
+ | Allocated PE 0 | ||
+ | PV UUID | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **pvdisplay** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# pvdisplay --longhelp | ||
+ | pvdisplay - Display various attributes of physical volume(s) | ||
+ | |||
+ | pvdisplay | ||
+ | [ -a|--all ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--colon ] | ||
+ | [ -C|--columns ] | ||
+ | [ -m|--maps ] | ||
+ | [ -o|--options String ] | ||
+ | [ -S|--select String ] | ||
+ | [ -s|--short ] | ||
+ | [ -O|--sort String ] | ||
+ | [ --aligned ] | ||
+ | [ --binary ] | ||
+ | [ --configreport log|vg|lv|pv|pvseg|seg ] | ||
+ | [ --foreign ] | ||
+ | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | ||
+ | [ --logonly ] | ||
+ | [ --noheadings ] | ||
+ | [ --nosuffix ] | ||
+ | [ --readonly ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | [ --separator String ] | ||
+ | [ --shared ] | ||
+ | [ --unbuffered ] | ||
+ | [ --units [Number]r|R|h|H|b|B|s|S|k|K|m|M|g|G|t|T|p|P|e|E ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV|Tag ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common variables for lvm: | ||
+ | Variables in option or position args are capitalized, | ||
+ | e.g. PV, VG, LV, Size, Number, String, Tag. | ||
+ | |||
+ | PV | ||
+ | Physical Volume name, a device path under /dev. | ||
+ | For commands managing physical extents, a PV positional arg | ||
+ | generally accepts a suffix indicating a range (or multiple ranges) | ||
+ | of PEs. When the first PE is omitted, it defaults to the start of | ||
+ | the device, and when the last PE is omitted it defaults to the end. | ||
+ | PV[: | ||
+ | PV[: | ||
+ | |||
+ | LV | ||
+ | Logical Volume name. See lvm(8) for valid names. An LV positional | ||
+ | arg generally includes the VG name and LV name, e.g. VG/LV. | ||
+ | LV followed by _< | ||
+ | required. (raid represents raid< | ||
+ | The _new suffix indicates that the LV name is new. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tag | ||
+ | Tag name. See lvm(8) for information about tag names and using | ||
+ | tags in place of a VG, LV or PV. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Select | ||
+ | Select indicates that a required positional arg can be omitted | ||
+ | if the --select option is used. No arg appears in this position. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Size[UNIT] | ||
+ | Size is an input number that accepts an optional unit. | ||
+ | Input units are always treated as base two values, regardless of | ||
+ | capitalization, | ||
+ | The default input unit is specified by letter, followed by |UNIT. | ||
+ | UNIT represents other possible input units: BbBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE. | ||
+ | (This should not be confused with the output control --units, where | ||
+ | capital letters mean multiple of 1000.) | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Volume Group (VG) et Physical Extent (PE)=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour créer un Volume Group dénommé **vg0**, il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgcreate -s 8M vg0 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | ||
+ | Volume group " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **vgcreate** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgcreate --help | ||
+ | vgcreate - Create a volume group | ||
+ | |||
+ | vgcreate VG_new PV ... | ||
+ | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--clustered y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -l|--maxlogicalvolumes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -p|--maxphysicalvolumes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -M|--metadatatype lvm2 ] | ||
+ | [ -s|--physicalextentsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -f|--force ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --addtag Tag ] | ||
+ | [ --alloc contiguous|cling|cling_by_tags|normal|anywhere|inherit ] | ||
+ | [ --metadataprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --labelsector Number ] | ||
+ | [ --metadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --pvmetadatacopies 0|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ --vgmetadatacopies all|unmanaged|Number ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | [ --dataalignment Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --dataalignmentoffset Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --shared ] | ||
+ | [ --systemid String ] | ||
+ | [ --locktype sanlock|dlm|none ] | ||
+ | [ --setautoactivation y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour afficher les informations concernant **vg0**, il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgdisplay vg0 | ||
+ | --- Volume group --- | ||
+ | VG Name vg0 | ||
+ | System ID | ||
+ | Format | ||
+ | Metadata Areas 3 | ||
+ | Metadata Sequence No 1 | ||
+ | VG Access | ||
+ | VG Status | ||
+ | MAX LV 0 | ||
+ | Cur LV 0 | ||
+ | Open LV 0 | ||
+ | Max PV 0 | ||
+ | Cur PV 3 | ||
+ | Act PV 3 | ||
+ | VG Size | ||
+ | PE Size 8.00 MiB | ||
+ | Total PE 110 | ||
+ | Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 | ||
+ | Free PE / Size 110 / 880.00 MiB | ||
+ | VG UUID | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **vgdisplay** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgdisplay --help | ||
+ | vgdisplay - Display volume group information | ||
+ | |||
+ | vgdisplay | ||
+ | [ -A|--activevolumegroups ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--colon ] | ||
+ | [ -C|--columns ] | ||
+ | [ -o|--options String ] | ||
+ | [ -S|--select String ] | ||
+ | [ -s|--short ] | ||
+ | [ -O|--sort String ] | ||
+ | [ --aligned ] | ||
+ | [ --binary ] | ||
+ | [ --configreport log|vg|lv|pv|pvseg|seg ] | ||
+ | [ --foreign ] | ||
+ | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | ||
+ | [ --logonly ] | ||
+ | [ --noheadings ] | ||
+ | [ --nosuffix ] | ||
+ | [ --readonly ] | ||
+ | [ --shared ] | ||
+ | [ --separator String ] | ||
+ | [ --unbuffered ] | ||
+ | [ --units [Number]r|R|h|H|b|B|s|S|k|K|m|M|g|G|t|T|p|P|e|E ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ VG|Tag ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Logical Volumes (LV)=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour créer un **Logical Volume** dénommé **lv0** dans le **Volume Group** **vg0**, il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvcreate -L 350 -n lv0 vg0 | ||
+ | Rounding up size to full physical extent 352.00 MiB | ||
+ | Logical volume " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** -Notez que la taille du LV est un multiple du PE. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **lvcreate** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvcreate --help | ||
+ | lvcreate - Create a logical volume | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a linear LV. | ||
+ | lvcreate -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | ||
+ | [ --type linear ] (implied) | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a striped LV. | ||
+ | lvcreate -i|--stripes Number -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | ||
+ | [ --type striped ] (implied) | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a raid1 or mirror LV. | ||
+ | lvcreate -m|--mirrors Number -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | ||
+ | [ --type raid1|mirror ] (implied) | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --mirrorlog core|disk ] | ||
+ | [ --minrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --maxrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a raid LV (a specific raid level must be used, e.g. raid1). | ||
+ | lvcreate --type raid -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -m|--mirrors Number ] | ||
+ | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --minrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --maxrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --raidintegrity y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --raidintegritymode String ] | ||
+ | [ --raidintegrityblocksize Number ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a raid10 LV. | ||
+ | lvcreate -m|--mirrors Number -i|--stripes Number -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | ||
+ | [ --type raid10 ] (implied) | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --minrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --maxrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a COW snapshot LV of an origin LV. | ||
+ | lvcreate -s|--snapshot -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] LV | ||
+ | [ --type snapshot ] (implied) | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a thin pool. | ||
+ | lvcreate --type thin-pool -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -T|--thin ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --thinpool LV_new ] | ||
+ | [ --discards passdown|nopassdown|ignore ] | ||
+ | [ --errorwhenfull y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a cache pool. | ||
+ | lvcreate --type cache-pool -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -H|--cache ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | ||
+ | [ --cachepolicy String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a thin LV in a thin pool. | ||
+ | lvcreate -V|--virtualsize Size[m|UNIT] --thinpool LV VG | ||
+ | [ --type thin ] (implied) | ||
+ | [ -T|--thin ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a thin LV that is a snapshot of an existing thin LV. | ||
+ | lvcreate -s|--snapshot LV | ||
+ | [ --type thin ] (implied) | ||
+ | [ -T|--thin ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a thin LV that is a snapshot of an external origin LV. | ||
+ | lvcreate --type thin --thinpool LV LV | ||
+ | [ -T|--thin ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a LV that returns VDO when used. | ||
+ | lvcreate --type vdo -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -V|--virtualsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --vdo ] | ||
+ | [ --vdopool LV_new ] | ||
+ | [ --compression y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --deduplication y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --vdosettings String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a new LV, then attach the specified cachepool | ||
+ | which converts the new LV to type cache. | ||
+ | lvcreate --type cache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachepool LV VG | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -H|--cache ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | ||
+ | [ --cachepolicy String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a new LV, then attach the specified cachevol | ||
+ | which converts the new LV to type cache. | ||
+ | lvcreate --type cache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachevol LV VG | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | ||
+ | [ --cachepolicy String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a new LV, then attach a cachevol created from | ||
+ | the specified cache device, which converts the | ||
+ | new LV to type cache. | ||
+ | lvcreate --type cache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachedevice PV VG | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | ||
+ | [ --cachepolicy String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a new LV, then attach the specified cachevol | ||
+ | which converts the new LV to type writecache. | ||
+ | lvcreate --type writecache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachevol LV VG | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Create a new LV, then attach a cachevol created from | ||
+ | the specified cache device, which converts the | ||
+ | new LV to type writecache. | ||
+ | lvcreate --type writecache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachedevice PV VG | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for command: | ||
+ | [ -a|--activate y|n|ay ] | ||
+ | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -C|--contiguous y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -M|--persistent y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -j|--major Number ] | ||
+ | [ -k|--setactivationskip y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -K|--ignoreactivationskip ] | ||
+ | [ -n|--name String ] | ||
+ | [ -p|--permission rw|r ] | ||
+ | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | ||
+ | [ -W|--wipesignatures y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --addtag Tag ] | ||
+ | [ --alloc contiguous|cling|cling_by_tags|normal|anywhere|inherit ] | ||
+ | [ --setautoactivation y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --ignoremonitoring ] | ||
+ | [ --metadataprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --minor Number ] | ||
+ | [ --monitor y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nosync ] | ||
+ | [ --noudevsync ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant un répertoire dans /mnt pour monter lv0 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkdir /mnt/lvm | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez un système de fichiers en **ext3** sur / | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mke2fs -j / | ||
+ | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
+ | Creating filesystem with 360448 1k blocks and 90112 inodes | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: 34d451f7-96c2-43b1-8cc0-9fe8bafcf498 | ||
+ | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
+ | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Allocating group tables: done | ||
+ | Writing inode tables: done | ||
+ | Creating journal (8192 blocks): done | ||
+ | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez votre lv0 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount -t ext3 / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vous allez maintenant copier le contenu de votre répertoire /home vers /mnt/lvm. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saisissez donc la commande pour copier le contenu de /home : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cp -a /home /mnt/lvm | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Constatez ensuite le contenu de /mnt/lvm : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l /mnt/lvm | ||
+ | total 13 | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 Oct 19 2023 home | ||
+ | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Oct 23 15:21 lost+found | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une particularité du volume logique est la capacité de d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# df -h /mnt/lvm | ||
+ | Filesystem | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans la cas de notre exemple, la taille est de **320 Mo** avec **4.4 Mo** occupé. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #4 - Etendre un Volume Logique à Chaud==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour agrandir un volume logique, le paquet **lvm2** contient les commandes **lvextend** et **resize2fs** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvextend -L +100M / | ||
+ | Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 104.00 MiB. | ||
+ | Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from 352.00 MiB (44 extents) to 456.00 MiB (57 extents). | ||
+ | Logical volume vg0/lv0 successfully resized. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - Notez que l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **lvextend** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvextend --help | ||
+ | lvextend - Add space to a logical volume | ||
+ | |||
+ | Extend an LV by a specified size. | ||
+ | lvextend -L|--size [+]Size[m|UNIT] LV | ||
+ | [ -l|--extents [+]Number[PERCENT] ] | ||
+ | [ -r|--resizefs ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize [+]Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --fs String ] | ||
+ | [ --fsmode String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Extend an LV by specified PV extents. | ||
+ | lvextend LV PV ... | ||
+ | [ -r|--resizefs ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --fs String ] | ||
+ | [ --fsmode String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Extend a pool metadata SubLV by a specified size. | ||
+ | lvextend --poolmetadatasize [+]Size[m|UNIT] LV | ||
+ | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Extend an LV according to a predefined policy. | ||
+ | lvextend --usepolicies LV | ||
+ | [ -r|--resizefs ] | ||
+ | [ --fs String ] | ||
+ | [ --fsmode String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for command: | ||
+ | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -f|--force ] | ||
+ | [ -m|--mirrors Number ] | ||
+ | [ -n|--nofsck ] | ||
+ | [ --alloc contiguous|cling|cling_by_tags|normal|anywhere|inherit ] | ||
+ | [ --nosync ] | ||
+ | [ --noudevsync ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | [ --type linear|striped|snapshot|raid|mirror|thin|thin-pool|vdo|vdo-pool|cache|cache-pool|writecache ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le volume ayant été agrandi, il est necessaire maintenant d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# resize2fs / | ||
+ | resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Filesystem at / | ||
+ | old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2 | ||
+ | The filesystem on / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Constatez maintenant la modification de la taille du volume : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# df -h /mnt/lvm | ||
+ | Filesystem | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vous noterez que la taille a augmentée et que les données sont toujours présentes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #5 - Snapshots==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Un snapshot est un instantané d'un système de fichiers. Dans cet exemple, vous allez créer un snapshot de votre lv0 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | Avant de commencer, créez un fichier de 10Mo dans le volume : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dd if=/ | ||
+ | 10+0 records in | ||
+ | 10+0 records out | ||
+ | 10485760 bytes (10 MB, 10 MiB) copied, 0.0239133 s, 438 MB/s | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant un snapshot : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvcreate -s -L 5M -n testsnap / | ||
+ | Rounding up size to full physical extent 8.00 MiB | ||
+ | Logical volume " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour avoir une confirmation de la création du snapshot, utilisez la commande **lvs** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvs | ||
+ | LV | ||
+ | root rhel -wi-ao---- < | ||
+ | swap rhel -wi-ao---- | ||
+ | lv0 vg0 owi-aos--- 456.00m | ||
+ | testsnap vg0 swi-a-s--- | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - Notez que le snapshot est créé dans le même VG que le LV d' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **lvs** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvs --help | ||
+ | lvs - Display information about logical volumes | ||
+ | |||
+ | lvs | ||
+ | [ -H|--history ] | ||
+ | [ -a|--all ] | ||
+ | [ -o|--options String ] | ||
+ | [ -S|--select String ] | ||
+ | [ -O|--sort String ] | ||
+ | [ --segments ] | ||
+ | [ --aligned ] | ||
+ | [ --binary ] | ||
+ | [ --configreport log|vg|lv|pv|pvseg|seg ] | ||
+ | [ --foreign ] | ||
+ | [ --headings none|abbrev|full|0|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | ||
+ | [ --logonly ] | ||
+ | [ --nameprefixes ] | ||
+ | [ --noheadings ] | ||
+ | [ --nosuffix ] | ||
+ | [ --readonly ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | [ --rows ] | ||
+ | [ --separator String ] | ||
+ | [ --shared ] | ||
+ | [ --unbuffered ] | ||
+ | [ --units [Number]r|R|h|H|b|B|s|S|k|K|m|M|g|G|t|T|p|P|e|E ] | ||
+ | [ --unquoted ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ VG|LV|Tag ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant un répertoire pour monter le snapshot : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkdir / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez le snapshot : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comparez le volume d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l /mnt/lvm | ||
+ | total 10294 | ||
+ | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10485760 Oct 23 15:27 10M | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 Oct 19 2023 home | ||
+ | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Oct 23 15:21 lost+found | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l / | ||
+ | total 10294 | ||
+ | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10485760 Oct 23 15:27 10M | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 Oct 19 2023 home | ||
+ | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Oct 23 15:21 lost+found | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez maintenant le fichier **10M** de votre volume d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# rm / | ||
+ | rm: remove regular file '/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Constatez le résultat de cette suppression : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# df -Ph /mnt/lvm | ||
+ | Filesystem | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# df -Ph / | ||
+ | Filesystem | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvs | ||
+ | LV | ||
+ | root rhel -wi-ao---- < | ||
+ | swap rhel -wi-ao---- | ||
+ | lv0 vg0 owi-aos--- 456.00m | ||
+ | testsnap vg0 swi-aos--- | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round todo 60%> | ||
+ | **A Faire** - Restaurez le fichier 10M à partir du snapshot. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #6 - Suppression des Volumes==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | La suppression d'un volume logique se fait grace à la commande **lvremove** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvremove / | ||
+ | Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg0/ | ||
+ | Logical volume " | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvremove / | ||
+ | Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg0/lv0? [y/n]: y | ||
+ | Logical volume " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - Notez que cette opération necéssite à ce que le volume logique soit démonté. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **lvremove** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvremove --help | ||
+ | lvremove - Remove logical volume(s) from the system | ||
+ | |||
+ | lvremove VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | ||
+ | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -f|--force ] | ||
+ | [ -S|--select String ] | ||
+ | [ --nohistory ] | ||
+ | [ --noudevsync ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le Volume Group peut aussi être supprimé : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgremove vg0 | ||
+ | Volume group " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **vgremove** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgremove --help | ||
+ | vgremove - Remove volume group(s) | ||
+ | |||
+ | vgremove VG|Tag|Select ... | ||
+ | [ -f|--force ] | ||
+ | [ -S|--select String ] | ||
+ | [ --noudevsync ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ainsi que le volume physique : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | ||
+ | Labels on physical volume "/ | ||
+ | Labels on physical volume "/ | ||
+ | Labels on physical volume "/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **pvremove** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# pvremove --help | ||
+ | pvremove - Remove LVM label(s) from physical volume(s) | ||
+ | |||
+ | pvremove PV ... | ||
+ | [ -f|--force ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #7 - Volumes Logiques en Miroir==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Re-créez maintenant votre Volume Group : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | ||
+ | Physical volume "/ | ||
+ | Physical volume "/ | ||
+ | Physical volume "/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgcreate -s 8M vg0 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | ||
+ | Volume group " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant un Logical Volume en miroir grâce à l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvcreate -m 1 -L 100M -n lv1 vg0 | ||
+ | Rounding up size to full physical extent 104.00 MiB | ||
+ | Logical volume " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Constatez maintenant la présence du miroir : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvdisplay -m / | ||
+ | --- Logical volume --- | ||
+ | LV Path / | ||
+ | LV Name lv1 | ||
+ | VG Name vg0 | ||
+ | LV UUID L7FOYB-c0tG-dE1u-Oyod-LltI-PEcv-rebeIa | ||
+ | LV Write Access | ||
+ | LV Creation host, time redhat9.ittraining.loc, | ||
+ | LV Status | ||
+ | # open 0 | ||
+ | LV Size 104.00 MiB | ||
+ | Current LE 13 | ||
+ | Mirrored volumes | ||
+ | Segments | ||
+ | Allocation | ||
+ | Read ahead sectors | ||
+ | - currently set to 256 | ||
+ | Block device | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Segments --- | ||
+ | Logical extents 0 to 12: | ||
+ | Type raid1 | ||
+ | Monitoring | ||
+ | Raid Data LV 0 | ||
+ | Logical volume | ||
+ | Logical extents | ||
+ | Raid Data LV 1 | ||
+ | Logical volume | ||
+ | Logical extents | ||
+ | Raid Metadata LV 0 lv1_rmeta_0 | ||
+ | Raid Metadata LV 1 lv1_rmeta_1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le miroir s' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# pvdisplay -m /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | ||
+ | --- Physical volume --- | ||
+ | PV Name / | ||
+ | VG Name vg0 | ||
+ | PV Size | ||
+ | Allocatable | ||
+ | PE Size 8.00 MiB | ||
+ | Total PE 24 | ||
+ | Free PE 10 | ||
+ | Allocated PE 14 | ||
+ | PV UUID | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Physical Segments --- | ||
+ | Physical extent 0 to 0: | ||
+ | Logical volume | ||
+ | Logical extents | ||
+ | Physical extent 1 to 13: | ||
+ | Logical volume | ||
+ | Logical extents | ||
+ | Physical extent 14 to 23: | ||
+ | FREE | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Physical volume --- | ||
+ | PV Name / | ||
+ | VG Name vg0 | ||
+ | PV Size | ||
+ | Allocatable | ||
+ | PE Size 8.00 MiB | ||
+ | Total PE 37 | ||
+ | Free PE 23 | ||
+ | Allocated PE 14 | ||
+ | PV UUID | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Physical Segments --- | ||
+ | Physical extent 0 to 0: | ||
+ | Logical volume | ||
+ | Logical extents | ||
+ | Physical extent 1 to 13: | ||
+ | Logical volume | ||
+ | Logical extents | ||
+ | Physical extent 14 to 36: | ||
+ | FREE | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Physical volume --- | ||
+ | PV Name / | ||
+ | VG Name vg0 | ||
+ | PV Size | ||
+ | Allocatable | ||
+ | PE Size 8.00 MiB | ||
+ | Total PE 49 | ||
+ | Free PE 49 | ||
+ | Allocated PE 0 | ||
+ | PV UUID | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Physical Segments --- | ||
+ | Physical extent 0 to 48: | ||
+ | FREE | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | La suppression du miroir se fait en utilisant la commande **lvconvert** en indiquant quel volume physique doit être vidé de son contenu : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvconvert -m 0 / | ||
+ | Are you sure you want to convert raid1 LV vg0/lv1 to type linear losing all resilience? [y/n]: y | ||
+ | Logical volume vg0/lv1 successfully converted. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | De même, il est possible de créer un miroir pour un volume logique existant : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvconvert -m 1 / | ||
+ | Are you sure you want to convert linear LV vg0/lv1 to raid1 with 2 images enhancing resilience? [y/n]: y | ||
+ | Logical volume vg0/lv1 successfully converted. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez de nouveau votre miroir : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvconvert -m 0 / | ||
+ | Are you sure you want to convert raid1 LV vg0/lv1 to type linear losing all resilience? [y/n]: y | ||
+ | Logical volume vg0/lv1 successfully converted. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **lvconvert** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvconvert --help | ||
+ | lvconvert - Change logical volume layout | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to linear. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type linear LV | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to striped. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type striped LV | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--interval Number ] | ||
+ | [ --stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to type mirror (also see type raid1), | ||
+ | lvconvert --type mirror LV | ||
+ | [ -m|--mirrors [+|-]Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--interval Number ] | ||
+ | [ --stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ --mirrorlog core|disk ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to raid or change raid layout | ||
+ | (a specific raid level must be used, e.g. raid1). | ||
+ | lvconvert --type raid LV | ||
+ | [ -m|--mirrors [+|-]Number ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--interval Number ] | ||
+ | [ --stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to raid1 or mirror, or change number of mirror images. | ||
+ | lvconvert -m|--mirrors [+|-]Number LV | ||
+ | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -i|--interval Number ] | ||
+ | [ --mirrorlog core|disk ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert raid LV to change number of stripe images. | ||
+ | lvconvert --stripes Number LV | ||
+ | [ -i|--interval Number ] | ||
+ | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert raid LV to change the stripe size. | ||
+ | lvconvert -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] LV | ||
+ | [ -i|--interval Number ] | ||
+ | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Split images from a raid1 or mirror LV and use them to create a new LV. | ||
+ | lvconvert --splitmirrors Number -n|--name LV_new LV | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Split images from a raid1 LV and track changes to origin for later merge. | ||
+ | lvconvert --splitmirrors Number --trackchanges LV | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Merge LV images that were split from a raid1 LV. | ||
+ | lvconvert --mergemirrors VG|LV|Tag ... | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to a thin LV, using the original LV as an external origin. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type thin --thinpool LV LV | ||
+ | [ -T|--thin ] | ||
+ | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --originname LV_new ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadata LV ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --metadataprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to a thin LV, using LV as thin-pool data volume. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type thin LV | ||
+ | [ -T|--thin ] | ||
+ | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadata LV ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --metadataprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Attach a cache pool to an LV, converts the LV to type cache. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type cache --cachepool LV LV | ||
+ | [ -H|--cache ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | ||
+ | [ --cachepolicy String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadata LV ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --metadataprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Attach a writecache to an LV, converts the LV to type writecache. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type writecache --cachevol LV LV | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Attach a cache to an LV, converts the LV to type cache. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type cache --cachevol LV LV | ||
+ | [ -H|--cache ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | ||
+ | [ --cachepolicy String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Add a writecache to an LV, using a specified cache device. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type writecache --cachedevice PV LV | ||
+ | [ --cachesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Add a cache to an LV, using a specified cache device. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type cache --cachedevice PV LV | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to type thin-pool. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type thin-pool LV | ||
+ | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --stripes Number ] | ||
+ | [ --discards passdown|nopassdown|ignore ] | ||
+ | [ --errorwhenfull y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadata LV ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --metadataprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to type cache-pool. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type cache-pool LV | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | ||
+ | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | ||
+ | [ --cachepolicy String ] | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadata LV ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --metadataprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convert LV to type vdopool. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type vdo-pool LV | ||
+ | [ -n|--name LV_new ] | ||
+ | [ -V|--virtualsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --metadataprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --compression y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --deduplication y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --vdosettings String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Detach a cache from an LV. | ||
+ | lvconvert --splitcache LV | ||
+ | [ --cachesettings String ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Merge thin LV into its origin LV. | ||
+ | lvconvert --mergethin LV ... | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Merge COW snapshot LV into its origin. | ||
+ | lvconvert --mergesnapshot LV ... | ||
+ | [ -i|--interval Number ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Combine a former COW snapshot (second arg) with a former | ||
+ | origin LV (first arg) to reverse a splitsnapshot command. | ||
+ | lvconvert --type snapshot LV LV | ||
+ | [ -s|--snapshot ] | ||
+ | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | ||
+ | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Replace failed PVs in a raid or mirror LV. | ||
+ | Repair a thin pool. | ||
+ | Repair a cache pool. | ||
+ | lvconvert --repair LV | ||
+ | [ -i|--interval Number ] | ||
+ | [ -k|--setactivationskip y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --usepolicies ] | ||
+ | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Replace specific PV(s) in a raid LV with another PV. | ||
+ | lvconvert --replace PV LV | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Poll LV to continue conversion. | ||
+ | lvconvert --startpoll LV | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Add or remove data integrity checksums to raid images. | ||
+ | lvconvert --raidintegrity y|n LV | ||
+ | [ --raidintegritymode String ] | ||
+ | [ --raidintegrityblocksize Number ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | [ PV ... ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for command: | ||
+ | [ -b|--background ] | ||
+ | [ -f|--force ] | ||
+ | [ --alloc contiguous|cling|cling_by_tags|normal|anywhere|inherit ] | ||
+ | [ --noudevsync ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #8 - Modifier les Attributs LVM==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | En cas de présence d'un miroir, la commande **lvs** indique la présence du miroir dans la colonne **Attr** avec la lettre **m** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvs | ||
+ | LV | ||
+ | root rhel -wi-ao---- < | ||
+ | swap rhel -wi-ao---- | ||
+ | lv1 vg0 -wi-a----- 104.00m | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | Consultez **[[http:// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | La commande equivalente pour les Volume Groups est **vgs** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgs | ||
+ | VG #PV #LV #SN Attr | ||
+ | rhel | ||
+ | vg0 3 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | Consultez **[[http:// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | La commande equivalente pour les Physical Volumes est **pvs** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# pvs | ||
+ | PV | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | Consultez **[[http:// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les commandes **lvchange**, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Par exemple, pour rendre inutilisable un Logical Volume, il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvchange -a n / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvs | ||
+ | LV | ||
+ | root rhel -wi-ao---- < | ||
+ | swap rhel -wi-ao---- | ||
+ | lv1 vg0 -wi------- 104.00m | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour faire l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvchange -a y / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvs | ||
+ | LV | ||
+ | root rhel -wi-ao---- < | ||
+ | swap rhel -wi-ao---- | ||
+ | lv1 vg0 -wi-a----- 104.00m | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **lvchange** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvchange --help | ||
+ | lvchange - Change the attributes of logical volume(s) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Change a general LV attribute. | ||
+ | For options listed in parentheses, | ||
+ | required, after which the others are optional. | ||
+ | lvchange | ||
+ | ( -C|--contiguous y|n, | ||
+ | -p|--permission rw|r, | ||
+ | -r|--readahead auto|none|Number, | ||
+ | -k|--setactivationskip y|n, | ||
+ | -Z|--zero y|n, | ||
+ | -M|--persistent n, | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | [ -a|--activate y|n|ay ] | ||
+ | [ --poll y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --monitor y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Resyncronize a mirror or raid LV. | ||
+ | Use to reset ' | ||
+ | lvchange --resync VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | ||
+ | [ -a|--activate y|n|ay ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Resynchronize or check a raid LV. | ||
+ | lvchange --syncaction check|repair VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Reconstruct data on specific PVs of a raid LV. | ||
+ | lvchange --rebuild PV VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Activate or deactivate an LV. | ||
+ | lvchange -a|--activate y|n|ay VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | ||
+ | [ -P|--partial ] | ||
+ | [ -K|--ignoreactivationskip ] | ||
+ | [ --activationmode partial|degraded|complete ] | ||
+ | [ --poll y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --monitor y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | ||
+ | [ --sysinit ] | ||
+ | [ --readonly ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Reactivate an LV using the latest metadata. | ||
+ | lvchange --refresh VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | ||
+ | [ -P|--partial ] | ||
+ | [ --activationmode partial|degraded|complete ] | ||
+ | [ --poll y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --monitor y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Start or stop monitoring an LV from dmeventd. | ||
+ | lvchange --monitor y|n VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Start or stop processing an LV conversion. | ||
+ | lvchange --poll y|n VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | ||
+ | [ --monitor y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Make the minor device number persistent for an LV. | ||
+ | lvchange -M|--persistent y --minor Number LV | ||
+ | [ -j|--major Number ] | ||
+ | [ -a|--activate y|n|ay ] | ||
+ | [ --poll y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --monitor y|n ] | ||
+ | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for command: | ||
+ | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | ||
+ | [ -f|--force ] | ||
+ | [ -S|--select String ] | ||
+ | [ --ignoremonitoring ] | ||
+ | [ --noudevsync ] | ||
+ | [ --reportformat basic|json|json_std ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Common options for lvm: | ||
+ | [ -d|--debug ] | ||
+ | [ -h|--help ] | ||
+ | [ -q|--quiet ] | ||
+ | [ -v|--verbose ] | ||
+ | [ -y|--yes ] | ||
+ | [ -t|--test ] | ||
+ | [ --commandprofile String ] | ||
+ | [ --config String ] | ||
+ | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | ||
+ | [ --nolocking ] | ||
+ | [ --lockopt String ] | ||
+ | [ --longhelp ] | ||
+ | [ --profile String ] | ||
+ | [ --version ] | ||
+ | [ --devicesfile String ] | ||
+ | [ --devices PV ] | ||
+ | [ --nohints ] | ||
+ | [ --journal String ] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #9 - Volumes Logiques en Bandes==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Un volume logique en bandes est créé pour augmenter, comme dans le cas du RAID, les performances des entrées et sorties. Pour créer ce volume, la commande **lvcreate** prend deux option supplémentaires : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **-i** - indique le nombre de volumes de bandes, | ||
+ | * **-I** - indique la taille en Ko de chaque bande. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saisissez donc la commande suivante : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvcreate -i2 -I64 -n lv2 -L 100M vg0 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | ||
+ | Rounding up size to full physical extent 104.00 MiB | ||
+ | Rounding size 104.00 MiB (13 extents) up to stripe boundary size 112.00 MiB (14 extents). | ||
+ | Logical volume " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Constatez la présence de vos bandes sur /dev/sda7 et sur /dev/sda9 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvdisplay -m / | ||
+ | --- Logical volume --- | ||
+ | LV Path / | ||
+ | LV Name lv2 | ||
+ | VG Name vg0 | ||
+ | LV UUID rgVJEa-mbyk-nQhm-rLt0-EqPB-QyI3-zyG2qX | ||
+ | LV Write Access | ||
+ | LV Creation host, time redhat9.ittraining.loc, | ||
+ | LV Status | ||
+ | # open 0 | ||
+ | LV Size 112.00 MiB | ||
+ | Current LE 14 | ||
+ | Segments | ||
+ | Allocation | ||
+ | Read ahead sectors | ||
+ | - currently set to 512 | ||
+ | Block device | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- Segments --- | ||
+ | Logical extents 0 to 13: | ||
+ | Type striped | ||
+ | Stripes | ||
+ | Stripe size 64.00 KiB | ||
+ | Stripe 0: | ||
+ | Physical volume | ||
+ | Physical extents | ||
+ | Stripe 1: | ||
+ | Physical volume | ||
+ | Physical extents | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Utilisez maintenant la commande **lvs** pour visualiser les volumes physiques utilisés par le volume logique : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lvs -o +devices | ||
+ | LV | ||
+ | root rhel -wi-ao---- < | ||
+ | swap rhel -wi-ao---- | ||
+ | lv1 vg0 -wi-a----- 104.00m | ||
+ | lv2 vg0 -wi-a----- 112.00m | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #10 - Gérer les Métadonnées==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les métadonnées pour chaque Volume Group sont stockés dans un fichier texte au nom du Volume Group dans le répertoire **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | # Generated by LVM2 version 2.03.23(2) (2023-11-21): | ||
+ | |||
+ | contents = "Text Format Volume Group" | ||
+ | version = 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | description = " | ||
+ | |||
+ | creation_host = " | ||
+ | creation_time = 1729691352 | ||
+ | |||
+ | vg0 { | ||
+ | id = " | ||
+ | seqno = 11 | ||
+ | format = " | ||
+ | status = [" | ||
+ | flags = [] | ||
+ | extent_size = 16384 # 8 Megabytes | ||
+ | max_lv = 0 | ||
+ | max_pv = 0 | ||
+ | metadata_copies = 0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | physical_volumes { | ||
+ | |||
+ | pv0 { | ||
+ | id = " | ||
+ | device = "/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | device_id_type = " | ||
+ | device_id = " | ||
+ | status = [" | ||
+ | flags = [] | ||
+ | dev_size = 409600 | ||
+ | pe_start = 2048 | ||
+ | pe_count = 24 # 192 Megabytes | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | pv1 { | ||
+ | id = " | ||
+ | device = "/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | device_id_type = " | ||
+ | device_id = " | ||
+ | status = [" | ||
+ | flags = [] | ||
+ | dev_size = 614400 | ||
+ | pe_start = 2048 | ||
+ | pe_count = 37 # 296 Megabytes | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | pv2 { | ||
+ | id = " | ||
+ | device = "/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | device_id_type = " | ||
+ | device_id = " | ||
+ | status = [" | ||
+ | flags = [] | ||
+ | dev_size = 819200 | ||
+ | pe_start = 2048 | ||
+ | pe_count = 49 # 392 Megabytes | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | logical_volumes { | ||
+ | |||
+ | lv1 { | ||
+ | id = " | ||
+ | status = [" | ||
+ | flags = [] | ||
+ | creation_time = 1729690954 | ||
+ | creation_host = " | ||
+ | segment_count = 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | segment1 { | ||
+ | start_extent = 0 | ||
+ | extent_count = 13 # 104 Megabytes | ||
+ | |||
+ | type = " | ||
+ | stripe_count = 1 # linear | ||
+ | |||
+ | stripes = [ | ||
+ | " | ||
+ | ] | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | lv2 { | ||
+ | id = " | ||
+ | status = [" | ||
+ | flags = [] | ||
+ | creation_time = 1729691352 | ||
+ | creation_host = " | ||
+ | segment_count = 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | segment1 { | ||
+ | start_extent = 0 | ||
+ | extent_count = 14 # 112 Megabytes | ||
+ | |||
+ | type = " | ||
+ | stripe_count = 2 | ||
+ | stripe_size = 128 # 64 Kilobytes | ||
+ | |||
+ | stripes = [ | ||
+ | " | ||
+ | " | ||
+ | ] | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | } | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Des archives sont créées lors de chaque modification d'un groupe de volumes et elles sont placés dans le répertoire **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls / | ||
+ | rhel_00000-628100095.vg | ||
+ | vg0_00000-565701167.vg | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | La commande **vgcfgbackup** est utilisée pour sauvegarder les métadonnées manuellement dans le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | La commande **vgcfgrestore** permet de restaurer une sauvegarde. Sans l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgcfgbackup vg0 | ||
+ | Volume group " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il est aussi possible de modifier l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgcfgbackup -f / | ||
+ | Volume group " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Par contre, toute sauvegarde en dehors des répertoires par défaut n'est pas visible dans la sortie de la commande **vgcfgrestore --list** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgcfgbackup vg0 | ||
+ | Volume group " | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vgcfgrestore --list vg0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:19:32 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:24:34 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:28:18 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:28:18 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:33:25 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:33:25 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:33:54 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:42:34 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:42:34 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:44:01 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:44:22 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:44:39 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:49:12 2024 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | File: / | ||
+ | VG name: vg0 | ||
+ | Description: | ||
+ | Backup Time: Wed Oct 23 15:53:54 2024 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====RAID Logiciel===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Concepts RAID===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les solutions RAID ou //Redundant Array of Independent Disks// ou encore //Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks// permettent la combinaison de plusieurs disques de façon à ce que ceux-ci soient vu comme un seul disque logique. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les solutions RAID sont issues du travail fourni par l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Addition des capacités, | ||
+ | * Amélioration des performances, | ||
+ | * Apporter la tolérance de panne. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Deux concepts sont fondamentaux à la compréhension des solutions RAID. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Disques en miroir==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | La technique des disques en miroir consiste à dupliquer l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Bandes de données==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | La technique des bandes de données, autrement appelée //data striping// consiste à couper les données à enregistrer en segments séquentiels et contigus pour les enregistrer sur plusieurs disques physiques. L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Types de RAID===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====RAID 0 - Concaténation==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Création de volume par récupération de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Avantages=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Récupération de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Inconvénients=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Pas de protection des données, | ||
+ | * Pas d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====RAID 0 - Striping==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Création de volume sur plusieurs disques afin d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Avantages=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Augmentation des performances d'E/S par écriture en parallèle sur les disques. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Inconvénients=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Pas de protection des données. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====RAID 1 - Miroir==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Création d'un volume où les disques sont en miroir. Quand les deux disques sont connectés à des contrôleurs de disques différents, | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Avantages=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Protection des données contre une défaillance d'un disque. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Inconvénients=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Coûteux à cause de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====RAID 1+0 - Striping en Miroir==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le RAID 1+0 ou encore 0+1 est une technique qui réunit le RAID 0 et le RAID 1. On l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Avantages=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Protection des données contre une défaillance d'un disque. | ||
+ | * Augmentation des performances d'E/S par écriture en parallèle sur les disques. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Inconvénients=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Coûteux à cause de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====RAID 2 - Miroir avec Contrôle d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le RAID 2 est une technique de miroir avec contrôle de correction d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====RAID 3 et 4 - Striping avec Parité==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les RAID 3 et 4 sont des technologies avec bandes de parité distribuées sur un seul disque : | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | En RAID 3, la taille des segments n’est pas modifiable et est fixée à 512 octets (en RAID 3 : un segment = un secteur de disque dur = 512 octets). | ||
+ | |||
+ | En RAID 4, la taille des segments est variable et se modifie en temps réel. Cela implique que les informations de parité doivent être mise à jour à chaque écriture afin de vérifier si la taille des segments a été modifiée. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Avantages=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Protection des données contre une défaillance d'un disque. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Inconvénients=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Création d'un goulot d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====RAID 5 - Striping avec Parité Distribuée==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le RAID 5 est une technologie avec bandes de parité distribuées sur plusieurs disques : | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Avantages=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Protection des données contre une défaillance d'un disque, | ||
+ | * Evite le goulot d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Inconvénients=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Lecture moins performante qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Au délà de RAID 5==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il existe aussi deux autres technologies RAID, toute deux issues de la technologie RAID 5 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * RAID 6 | ||
+ | * //Disk Striping with Double Distributed Parity// | ||
+ | * RAID TP | ||
+ | * //Disk Striping with Triple Distributed Parity// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #11 - Mise en Place du RAID 5 Logiciel==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===11.1 - Préparer le disque=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rappelez-vous avoir modifié les types de 4 partitions du disque **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# fdisk -l | ||
+ | Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | Disklabel type: dos | ||
+ | Disk identifier: 0xd00dfc8a | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sdb: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | Disklabel type: dos | ||
+ | Disk identifier: 0x23a56c2e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sdc: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sdd: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sde: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans le cas de cet exemple les quatre partitions concernées par la mise en place d'un RAID 5 sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===11.2 - Créer une Unité RAID=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | La création d'une unité RAID avec la commande **mdadm** se fait grâce aux options passées en arguments à la commande : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | mdadm --create <unité RAID> [options] <unités physiques> | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saisissez maintenant la commande suivante : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb8 /dev/sdb10 | ||
+ | mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata | ||
+ | mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options dans la ligne de commande sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Option Courte ^ Option Longue ^ Description ^ | ||
+ | | -l | - -level | Le niveau RAID - **linear, 0,1,2,4 ou 5** | | ||
+ | | -n | - -raid-devices=< | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande **mdadm** sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --help-options | ||
+ | Any parameter that does not start with ' | ||
+ | or, for --examine-bitmap, | ||
+ | The first such name is often the name of an md device. | ||
+ | names are often names of component devices. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Some common options are: | ||
+ | --help | ||
+ | mode specific help message | ||
+ | --help-options | ||
+ | --version | ||
+ | --verbose | ||
+ | --quiet | ||
+ | --brief | ||
+ | --export | ||
+ | | ||
+ | --force | ||
+ | |||
+ | --assemble | ||
+ | --build | ||
+ | --create | ||
+ | --detail | ||
+ | --examine | ||
+ | --examine-bitmap -X: Display the detail of a bitmap file | ||
+ | --examine-badblocks: | ||
+ | --monitor | ||
+ | --grow | ||
+ | --incremental -I : add/remove a single device to/from an array as appropriate | ||
+ | --query | ||
+ | | ||
+ | --auto-detect | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | La commande **mdadm** utilise des sous-commandes ou //mode majeurs// : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --help | ||
+ | mdadm is used for building, managing, and monitoring | ||
+ | Linux md devices (aka RAID arrays) | ||
+ | Usage: mdadm --create device options... | ||
+ | Create a new array from unused devices. | ||
+ | mdadm --assemble device options... | ||
+ | Assemble a previously created array. | ||
+ | mdadm --build device options... | ||
+ | Create or assemble an array without metadata. | ||
+ | mdadm --manage device options... | ||
+ | make changes to an existing array. | ||
+ | mdadm --misc options... devices | ||
+ | report on or modify various md related devices. | ||
+ | mdadm --grow options device | ||
+ | resize/ | ||
+ | mdadm --incremental device | ||
+ | add/remove a device to/from an array as appropriate | ||
+ | mdadm --monitor options... | ||
+ | Monitor one or more array for significant changes. | ||
+ | mdadm device options... | ||
+ | Shorthand for --manage. | ||
+ | Any parameter that does not start with ' | ||
+ | or, for --examine-bitmap, | ||
+ | The first such name is often the name of an md device. | ||
+ | names are often names of component devices. | ||
+ | |||
+ | For detailed help on the above major modes use --help after the mode | ||
+ | e.g. | ||
+ | mdadm --assemble --help | ||
+ | For general help on options use | ||
+ | mdadm --help-options | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Chaque sous-commande bénéficie d'un aide spécifique, | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --create --help | ||
+ | Usage: | ||
+ | |||
+ | This usage will initialise a new md array, associate some | ||
+ | | ||
+ | array with some devices missing, use the special word ' | ||
+ | place of the relevant device name. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | raid superblocks or filesystems. | ||
+ | the variance in device size exceeds 1%. | ||
+ | If any discrepancy is found, the user will be prompted for confirmation | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | If the --size option is given then only that many kilobytes of each | ||
+ | | ||
+ | If no --size is given, the apparent size of the smallest drive given | ||
+ | is used for raid level 1 and greater, and the full device is used for | ||
+ | other levels. | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | --bitmap= | ||
+ | : or an internal bitmap if ' | ||
+ | --chunk= | ||
+ | --rounding= | ||
+ | --level= | ||
+ | --parity= | ||
+ | --layout= | ||
+ | --raid-devices= | ||
+ | --spare-devices= | ||
+ | --size= | ||
+ | --data-offset= | ||
+ | : of array data. | ||
+ | --force | ||
+ | : insert a missing drive for RAID5. | ||
+ | --run -R : insist of running the array even if not all | ||
+ | : devices are present or some look odd. | ||
+ | --readonly | ||
+ | --name= | ||
+ | --bitmap-chunk= | ||
+ | --delay= | ||
+ | --write-journal= | ||
+ | --consistency-policy= : Specify the policy that determines how the array | ||
+ | -k : maintains consistency in case of unexpected shutdown. | ||
+ | --write-zeroes | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les //modes majeurs// de la commande **mdadm** peuvent être visualisés grâce à la commande suivante : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --help | ||
+ | mdadm is used for building, managing, and monitoring | ||
+ | Linux md devices (aka RAID arrays) | ||
+ | Usage: mdadm --create device options... | ||
+ | Create a new array from unused devices. | ||
+ | mdadm --assemble device options... | ||
+ | Assemble a previously created array. | ||
+ | mdadm --build device options... | ||
+ | Create or assemble an array without metadata. | ||
+ | mdadm --manage device options... | ||
+ | make changes to an existing array. | ||
+ | mdadm --misc options... devices | ||
+ | report on or modify various md related devices. | ||
+ | mdadm --grow options device | ||
+ | resize/ | ||
+ | mdadm --incremental device | ||
+ | add/remove a device to/from an array as appropriate | ||
+ | mdadm --monitor options... | ||
+ | Monitor one or more array for significant changes. | ||
+ | mdadm device options... | ||
+ | Shorthand for --manage. | ||
+ | Any parameter that does not start with ' | ||
+ | or, for --examine-bitmap, | ||
+ | The first such name is often the name of an md device. | ||
+ | names are often names of component devices. | ||
+ | |||
+ | For detailed help on the above major modes use --help after the mode | ||
+ | e.g. | ||
+ | mdadm --assemble --help | ||
+ | For general help on options use | ||
+ | mdadm --help-options | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Constatez maintenant les informations concernant le RAID 5 créé : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] | ||
+ | md1 : active raid5 sdb10[3] sdb8[1] sdb5[0] | ||
+ | 1019904 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] | ||
+ | | ||
+ | unused devices: < | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Grâce à la commande mdadm, il est possible d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --query /dev/md1 | ||
+ | /dev/md1: 996.00MiB raid5 3 devices, 0 spares. Use mdadm --detail for more detail. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | ||
+ | /dev/md1: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Raid Level : raid5 | ||
+ | Array Size : 1019904 (996.00 MiB 1044.38 MB) | ||
+ | Used Dev Size : 509952 (498.00 MiB 522.19 MB) | ||
+ | Raid Devices : 3 | ||
+ | Total Devices : 3 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | State : clean | ||
+ | Active Devices : 3 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Failed Devices : 0 | ||
+ | Spare Devices : 0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Layout : left-symmetric | ||
+ | Chunk Size : 512K | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consistency Policy : resync | ||
+ | |||
+ | Name : redhat9.ittraining.loc: | ||
+ | UUID : 3645cd8c: | ||
+ | Events : 18 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Number | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le nom **redhat9.ittraining.loc: | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --stop /dev/md1 | ||
+ | mdadm: stopped /dev/md1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --assemble /dev/md1 --name=redhat.ittraining.loc --update=name /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb8 /dev/sdb10 | ||
+ | mdadm: /dev/md1 has been started with 3 drives. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --query /dev/md1 | ||
+ | /dev/md1: 996.00MiB raid5 3 devices, 0 spares. Use mdadm --detail for more detail. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | ||
+ | /dev/md1: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Raid Level : raid5 | ||
+ | Array Size : 1019904 (996.00 MiB 1044.38 MB) | ||
+ | Used Dev Size : 509952 (498.00 MiB 522.19 MB) | ||
+ | Raid Devices : 3 | ||
+ | Total Devices : 3 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | State : clean | ||
+ | Active Devices : 3 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Failed Devices : 0 | ||
+ | Spare Devices : 0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Layout : left-symmetric | ||
+ | Chunk Size : 512K | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consistency Policy : resync | ||
+ | |||
+ | Name : redhat.ittraining.loc | ||
+ | UUID : 3645cd8c: | ||
+ | Events : 18 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Number | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notez la ligne **Persistence : Superblock is persistent**. En effet, cette implémentation de RAID inscrit les caractéristiques du volume dans un //super bloc// persistant en début de chaque unité de type bloc dans le volume. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cependant, il necéssaire de renseigner le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# echo ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >> / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | DEVICE /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb8 /dev/sdb10 | ||
+ | ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=redhat.ittraining.loc UUID=3645cd8c: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mettez à jour l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cp / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dracut -f -v | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | dracut: *** Creating initramfs image file '/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# grep initrd / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Chaque unité peut être examinée individuellement : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb5 | ||
+ | /dev/sdb5: | ||
+ | Magic : a92b4efc | ||
+ | Version : 1.2 | ||
+ | Feature Map : 0x0 | ||
+ | Array UUID : 3645cd8c: | ||
+ | Name : redhat.ittraining.loc | ||
+ | Creation Time : Wed Oct 23 16:14:41 2024 | ||
+ | Raid Level : raid5 | ||
+ | Raid Devices : 3 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Avail Dev Size : 1019904 sectors (498.00 MiB 522.19 MB) | ||
+ | Array Size : 1019904 KiB (996.00 MiB 1044.38 MB) | ||
+ | Data Offset : 4096 sectors | ||
+ | Super Offset : 8 sectors | ||
+ | | ||
+ | State : clean | ||
+ | Device UUID : 1ef50b0e: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Update Time : Wed Oct 23 16:14:55 2024 | ||
+ | Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 16 sectors | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | Chunk Size : 512K | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | Array State : AAA (' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===11.3 - Remplacer une Unité Défaillante=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | A ce stade il est intéressant de noter comment réagir lors d'une défaillance d'un disque. Dans notre cas nous allons indiquer au système que la partition /dev/sdb5 est devenue défaillante : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --manage --set-faulty /dev/md1 /dev/sdb5 | ||
+ | mdadm: set /dev/sdb5 faulty in /dev/md1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | ||
+ | /dev/md1: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Raid Level : raid5 | ||
+ | Array Size : 1019904 (996.00 MiB 1044.38 MB) | ||
+ | Used Dev Size : 509952 (498.00 MiB 522.19 MB) | ||
+ | Raid Devices : 3 | ||
+ | Total Devices : 3 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | State : clean, degraded | ||
+ | Active Devices : 2 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Failed Devices : 1 | ||
+ | Spare Devices : 0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Layout : left-symmetric | ||
+ | Chunk Size : 512K | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consistency Policy : resync | ||
+ | |||
+ | Name : redhat.ittraining.loc | ||
+ | UUID : 3645cd8c: | ||
+ | Events : 20 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Number | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il est maintenant nécessaire de supprimer /dev/sdb5 de notre RAID 5 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --manage --remove /dev/md1 /dev/sdb5 | ||
+ | mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdb5 from /dev/md1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | A l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | ||
+ | /dev/md1: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Raid Level : raid5 | ||
+ | Array Size : 1019904 (996.00 MiB 1044.38 MB) | ||
+ | Used Dev Size : 509952 (498.00 MiB 522.19 MB) | ||
+ | Raid Devices : 3 | ||
+ | Total Devices : 2 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | State : clean, degraded | ||
+ | Active Devices : 2 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Failed Devices : 0 | ||
+ | Spare Devices : 0 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Layout : left-symmetric | ||
+ | Chunk Size : 512K | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consistency Policy : resync | ||
+ | |||
+ | Name : redhat.ittraining.loc | ||
+ | UUID : 3645cd8c: | ||
+ | Events : 21 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Number | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Constatez maintenant l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] | ||
+ | md1 : active raid5 sdb10[3] sdb8[1] | ||
+ | 1019904 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU] | ||
+ | | ||
+ | unused devices: < | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important> | ||
+ | **iMPORTANT** - Notez que le RAID a 2 unités au lieu de trois. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour ajouter un autre disque à notre RAID afin de remplacer /dev/sdb5 il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --manage --add /dev/md1 /dev/sdb11 | ||
+ | mdadm: added /dev/sdb11 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | ||
+ | /dev/md1: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Raid Level : raid5 | ||
+ | Array Size : 1019904 (996.00 MiB 1044.38 MB) | ||
+ | Used Dev Size : 509952 (498.00 MiB 522.19 MB) | ||
+ | Raid Devices : 3 | ||
+ | Total Devices : 3 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | State : clean, degraded, recovering | ||
+ | Active Devices : 2 | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Failed Devices : 0 | ||
+ | Spare Devices : 1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Layout : left-symmetric | ||
+ | Chunk Size : 512K | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consistency Policy : resync | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rebuild Status : 1% complete | ||
+ | |||
+ | Name : redhat.ittraining.loc | ||
+ | UUID : 3645cd8c: | ||
+ | Events : 23 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Number | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez la prise en compte de la configuration : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lsblk | ||
+ | NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS | ||
+ | sda | ||
+ | ├─sda1 | ||
+ | └─sda2 | ||
+ | ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 | ||
+ | └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 5G 0 lvm | ||
+ | sdb | ||
+ | ├─sdb1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb2 | ||
+ | ├─sdb3 | ||
+ | ├─sdb4 | ||
+ | ├─sdb5 | ||
+ | ├─sdb6 | ||
+ | │ └─vg0-lv1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb7 | ||
+ | │ └─vg0-lv2 | ||
+ | ├─sdb8 | ||
+ | │ └─md1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb9 | ||
+ | │ └─vg0-lv2 | ||
+ | ├─sdb10 | ||
+ | │ └─md1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb11 | ||
+ | │ └─md1 | ||
+ | └─sdb12 | ||
+ | sdc | ||
+ | sdd | ||
+ | sde | ||
+ | sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] | ||
+ | md1 : active raid5 sdb11[4] sdb10[3] sdb8[1] | ||
+ | 1019904 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU] | ||
+ | [======> | ||
+ | | ||
+ | unused devices: < | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] | ||
+ | md1 : active raid5 sdb11[4] sdb10[3] sdb8[1] | ||
+ | 1019904 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU] | ||
+ | [==========> | ||
+ | | ||
+ | unused devices: < | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] | ||
+ | md1 : active raid5 sdb11[4] sdb10[3] sdb8[1] | ||
+ | 1019904 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU] | ||
+ | [==================> | ||
+ | | ||
+ | unused devices: < | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid1] | ||
+ | md1 : active raid5 sdb11[4] sdb10[3] sdb8[1] | ||
+ | 1019904 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] | ||
+ | | ||
+ | unused devices: < | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dernièrement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | << | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# echo ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >> / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | DEVICE /dev/sdb8 /dev/sdb10 /dev/sdb11 | ||
+ | ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=redhat.ittraining.loc UUID=3645cd8c: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mettez à jour l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dracut -f -v | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | dracut: *** Creating initramfs image file '/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====LAB #12 - Stratis===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====12.1 - Présentation==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Stratis** est une solution de gestion de volumes et de stockage pour Linux, développée par Red Hat, qui combine des technologies comme **LVM (Logical Volume Manager)** et **XFS** pour fournir une gestion simplifiée des volumes de stockage. Il est conçu pour offrir une solution robuste et facile à utiliser, tout en offrant une gestion avancée du stockage comme la gestion des snapshots, le thin provisioning, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Voici un aperçu de la gestion du stockage avec Stratis : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Concepts clés de Stratis=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **Pool de stockage** : Un pool est une collection de disques physiques (ou d' | ||
+ | * **Volumes logiques** : Une fois que vous avez un pool, vous pouvez créer des volumes logiques (ou systèmes de fichiers). Ces volumes logiques peuvent être utilisés comme tout autre système de fichiers dans Linux. Ils peuvent être agrandis ou réduits dynamiquement, | ||
+ | * **Thin provisioning** : Stratis permet de créer des volumes logiques "thin provisioned", | ||
+ | * **Snapshots** : Stratis permet de créer des snapshots, qui sont des copies instantanées des volumes à un moment donné. Ces snapshots peuvent être utilisés pour des sauvegardes ou pour restaurer un état précédent du système de fichiers. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Gestion simplifiée=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | L’un des principaux objectifs de Stratis est de simplifier la gestion des volumes. Il combine plusieurs technologies complexes (comme LVM, D-Bus, et XFS) sous une interface de gestion unique, accessible via des commandes simples. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Avantages de Stratis=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **Facilité d' | ||
+ | * **Thin provisioning** et **snapshots** intégrés, | ||
+ | * **Gestion dynamique** des disques et des volumes, sans avoir besoin de redémarrer le système, | ||
+ | * **Snapshots** rapides pour des sauvegardes ou restaurations faciles. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Stratis vs ZFS/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Stratis est parfois comparé à d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | En résumé, Stratis simplifie la gestion du stockage en regroupant plusieurs fonctionnalités avancées dans un cadre simple et accessible pour les administrateurs Linux, tout en utilisant des technologies éprouvées. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====12.2 - Travailler avec Stratis==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Installation=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le support de Stratis peut être obtenu en installant les paquets **stratisd** et **stratis-cli** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dnf install stratisd stratis-cli -y | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Activez et démarrez le service stratis : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl enable --now stratisd | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl status stratisd | ||
+ | ● stratisd.service - Stratis daemon | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Docs: man: | ||
+ | Main PID: 2676 (stratisd) | ||
+ | Tasks: 8 (limit: 48799) | ||
+ | | ||
+ | CPU: 22ms | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Starting Stratis daemon... | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Started Stratis daemon. | ||
+ | Oct 24 06:51:25 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Création d'un Pool=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez le pool de stockage **pool1** sur **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis pool create pool1 /dev/sdc | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez la taille du pool : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis pool list | ||
+ | Name Total / Used / Free Properties | ||
+ | pool1 6 GiB / 526 MiB / 5.49 GiB | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans la colonne **Properties**, | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **Ca** - Cache, | ||
+ | * **Cr** - Chiffrement, | ||
+ | * **Op** - Surprovisionnement. | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ajoutez donc **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis pool add-data pool1 /dev/sdd | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis pool list | ||
+ | Name Total / Used / Free Properties | ||
+ | pool1 12 GiB / 534 MiB / 11.48 GiB | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis blockdev list pool1 | ||
+ | Pool Name | ||
+ | pool1 / | ||
+ | pool1 / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Création d'un Système de Fichiers=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez le système de fichiers en provisionnement fin **filesystem1** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem create pool1 filesystem1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez la liste des systèmes de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool Filesystem | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Montage du System de Fichiers=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant le point de montage **/volume** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkdir /volume | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez **filesystem1** sur **/volume** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez que **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount | grep volume | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Obtenez l'UUID de **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lsblk --output=UUID / | ||
+ | UUID | ||
+ | e80a1eeb-95d0-413a-8641-2a07ea685b6a | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Modifiez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vi /etc/fstab | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat /etc/fstab | ||
+ | |||
+ | # | ||
+ | # /etc/fstab | ||
+ | # Created by anaconda on Thu Oct 19 16:05:58 2023 | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # Accessible filesystems, | ||
+ | # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # After editing this file, run ' | ||
+ | # units generated from this file. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | UUID=6f6c5bb9-30be-4734-bc23-03fed8541616 /boot | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | UUID=e80a1eeb-95d0-413a-8641-2a07ea685b6a /volume xfs defaults, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Démontez maintenant **/volume** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount /volume | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount | grep volume | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez **/volume** à partir de **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount -a | ||
+ | mount: (hint) your fstab has been modified, but systemd still uses | ||
+ | the old version; use ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount | grep volume | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Croissance Dynamique du Système de Fichiers=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool Filesystem | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez un fichier de 2GiB dans le systéme de fichiers **filesystem1** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dd if=/ | ||
+ | 2048+0 records in | ||
+ | 2048+0 records out | ||
+ | 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB, 2.0 GiB) copied, 26.3089 s, 81.6 MB/s | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool Filesystem | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Notez que l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Création d'un Snapshot=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez le snapshot **filesystem1-snap** de **filesystem1** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem snapshot pool1 filesystem1 filesystem1-snap | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez la présence du snapshot : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool Filesystem | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | pool1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# rm -f / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez la suppression de **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l /volume | ||
+ | total 0 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez le point de montage **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkdir / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez la présence du fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l / | ||
+ | total 2097152 | ||
+ | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2147483648 Oct 24 07:37 file | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Suppression des Systèmes de Fichiers=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Démontez les deux systèmes de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount /volume | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez les deux systèmes de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem destroy pool1 filesystem1-snap | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem destroy pool1 filesystem1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# stratis filesystem list | ||
+ | Pool | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Editez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vi /etc/fstab | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat /etc/fstab | ||
+ | |||
+ | # | ||
+ | # /etc/fstab | ||
+ | # Created by anaconda on Thu Oct 19 16:05:58 2023 | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # Accessible filesystems, | ||
+ | # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # After editing this file, run ' | ||
+ | # units generated from this file. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | UUID=6f6c5bb9-30be-4734-bc23-03fed8541616 /boot | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez les deux points de montage : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# rm -rf /volume / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Désactiver et arrêtez le service **stratisd** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl disable --now stratisd | ||
+ | Removed "/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# systemctl status stratisd | ||
+ | ○ stratisd.service - Stratis daemon | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Docs: man: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Oct 24 07:58:07 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 07:58:14 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopping Stratis daemon... | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc stratisd[2676]: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: stratisd.service: | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: Stopped Stratis daemon. | ||
+ | Oct 24 08:02:37 redhat9.ittraining.loc systemd[1]: stratisd.service: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Systèmes de Fichiers Journalisés===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Présentation==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Un journal est la partie d'un système de fichiers journalisé qui trace les opérations d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sans un tel fichier journal, un outil de récupération de données après un arrêt brutal doit parcourir l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Linux peut utiliser un des systèmes de fichiers journalisés suivants : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Système de fichier ^ Taille maximum - fichier ^ Taille maximum - système de fichier ^ | ||
+ | | **[[http:// | ||
+ | | **[[http:// | ||
+ | | **[[http:// | ||
+ | | **[[http:// | ||
+ | | **[[http:// | ||
+ | | **[[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round todo 60%> | ||
+ | **A faire** : Pour comparer ces six systèmes de fichier, veuillez consulter **[[http:// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #13 - Ext3==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ext3 est une évolution de Ext2 et a pour principale différence d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * être utilisé à partir d'une partition Ext2, sans avoir à sauvegarder et à restaurer des données, | ||
+ | * utiliser tous les utilitaires de maintenance pour les systèmes de fichiers ext2, comme fsck, | ||
+ | * utiliser le logiciel dump, ce qui n'est pas le cas avec %%ReiserFS%%. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour plus d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===13.1 - Gestion d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notez maintenant le numéro de la dernière partition que vous avez précédemment créée : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# fdisk -l | ||
+ | Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | Disklabel type: dos | ||
+ | Disk identifier: 0xd00dfc8a | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sdb: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | Disklabel type: dos | ||
+ | Disk identifier: 0x23a56c2e | ||
+ | |||
+ | Device | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sdc: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sdd: 6 GiB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/sde: 32 GiB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors | ||
+ | Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk /dev/md1: 996 MiB, 1044381696 bytes, 2039808 sectors | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Disk / | ||
+ | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
+ | Sector size (logical/ | ||
+ | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez un filesystem Ext3 sur /dev/sdb12 en utilisant la commande **mke2fs -j** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
+ | Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: f489fe51-2f8b-444a-af89-9bb5b6301214 | ||
+ | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
+ | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Allocating group tables: done | ||
+ | Writing inode tables: done | ||
+ | Creating journal (4096 blocks): done | ||
+ | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Lors de la mise en place d'un filesystem ext2/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===13.2 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext2=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour vérifier si un système de fichiers Ext2 est journalisé, | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dumpe2fs -h /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Filesystem volume name: < | ||
+ | Last mounted on: <not available> | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: f489fe51-2f8b-444a-af89-9bb5b6301214 | ||
+ | Filesystem magic number: | ||
+ | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | ||
+ | Filesystem features: | ||
+ | Filesystem flags: | ||
+ | Default mount options: | ||
+ | Filesystem state: | ||
+ | Errors behavior: | ||
+ | Filesystem OS type: Linux | ||
+ | Inode count: | ||
+ | Block count: | ||
+ | Reserved block count: | ||
+ | Overhead clusters: | ||
+ | Free blocks: | ||
+ | Free inodes: | ||
+ | First block: | ||
+ | Block size: 1024 | ||
+ | Fragment size: 1024 | ||
+ | Reserved GDT blocks: | ||
+ | Blocks per group: | ||
+ | Fragments per group: | ||
+ | Inodes per group: | ||
+ | Inode blocks per group: | ||
+ | Filesystem created: | ||
+ | Last mount time: n/a | ||
+ | Last write time: Thu Oct 24 08:26:00 2024 | ||
+ | Mount count: | ||
+ | Maximum mount count: | ||
+ | Last checked: | ||
+ | Check interval: | ||
+ | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | ||
+ | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | ||
+ | First inode: | ||
+ | Inode size: 256 | ||
+ | Required extra isize: | ||
+ | Desired extra isize: | ||
+ | Journal inode: | ||
+ | Default directory hash: | ||
+ | Directory Hash Seed: e7f0145e-3007-4ee4-b433-4ac7d3480c57 | ||
+ | Journal backup: | ||
+ | Journal features: | ||
+ | Total journal size: 4096k | ||
+ | Total journal blocks: | ||
+ | Max transaction length: | ||
+ | Fast commit length: | ||
+ | Journal sequence: | ||
+ | Journal start: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Le drapeau **Filesystem features: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour supprimer le journal du système de fichier Ext3 sur cette partition, il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | tune2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Constatez le résultat de cette commande : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dumpe2fs -h /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Filesystem volume name: < | ||
+ | Last mounted on: <not available> | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: f489fe51-2f8b-444a-af89-9bb5b6301214 | ||
+ | Filesystem magic number: | ||
+ | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | ||
+ | Filesystem features: | ||
+ | Filesystem flags: | ||
+ | Default mount options: | ||
+ | Filesystem state: | ||
+ | Errors behavior: | ||
+ | Filesystem OS type: Linux | ||
+ | Inode count: | ||
+ | Block count: | ||
+ | Reserved block count: | ||
+ | Overhead clusters: | ||
+ | Free blocks: | ||
+ | Free inodes: | ||
+ | First block: | ||
+ | Block size: 1024 | ||
+ | Fragment size: 1024 | ||
+ | Reserved GDT blocks: | ||
+ | Blocks per group: | ||
+ | Fragments per group: | ||
+ | Inodes per group: | ||
+ | Inode blocks per group: | ||
+ | Filesystem created: | ||
+ | Last mount time: n/a | ||
+ | Last write time: Thu Oct 24 08:27:14 2024 | ||
+ | Mount count: | ||
+ | Maximum mount count: | ||
+ | Last checked: | ||
+ | Check interval: | ||
+ | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | ||
+ | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | ||
+ | First inode: | ||
+ | Inode size: 256 | ||
+ | Required extra isize: | ||
+ | Desired extra isize: | ||
+ | Default directory hash: | ||
+ | Directory Hash Seed: e7f0145e-3007-4ee4-b433-4ac7d3480c57 | ||
+ | Journal backup: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Notez que le drapeau **Filesystem features: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez maintenant l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# fsck /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | fsck from util-linux 2.37.4 | ||
+ | e2fsck 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | /dev/sdb12: clean, 11/51200 files, 14413/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant un point de montage pour /dev/sdb12 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkdir /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Essayez de monter /dev/sdb12 en tant que système de fichiers Ext3. Vous obtiendrez un résultat similaire à celui-ci : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb12 /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | mount: /mnt/sdb12: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb12, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Notez l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez maintenant le système de fichiers en tant que Ext2 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount -t ext2 /dev/sdb12 /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===13.3 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext2 en Ext3=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour replacer le journal sur /dev/sdb12, il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# tune2fs -j /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | tune2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Creating journal inode: done | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Notez que vous avez du démonter la partition avant d' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===13.4 - Placer le Journal sur un autre Partition=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le journal d'un système de fichiers peut être placé sur un autre périphérique bloc. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez un système de fichiers sur /dev/sdb11 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mdadm --stop /dev/md1 | ||
+ | mdadm: stopped /dev/md1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mke2fs -O journal_dev /dev/sdb11 | ||
+ | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | /dev/sdb11 contains a linux_raid_member file system labelled ' | ||
+ | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
+ | Creating filesystem with 512000 1k blocks and 0 inodes | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: 5ab9820b-f652-4e79-99a9-07f5581cb312 | ||
+ | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Zeroing journal device: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Notez l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant un système de fichiers Ext3 sur /dev/sdb12 en plaçant le journal sur /dev/sdb11 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mke2fs -j -J device=/ | ||
+ | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Using journal device' | ||
+ | /dev/sdb12 contains a ext3 file system | ||
+ | last mounted on Thu Oct 24 08:29:20 2024 | ||
+ | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
+ | Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: ac7c133a-3f15-4fa4-81df-b1a0c808a4d0 | ||
+ | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
+ | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Allocating group tables: done | ||
+ | Writing inode tables: done | ||
+ | Adding journal to device /dev/sdb11: done | ||
+ | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Notez que le journal a été placé sur /dev/sdb11 graĉe à l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===13.5 - Modifier la Fréquence de Vérification du Système de Fichiers Ext3=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour modifier la fréquence de vérification du système de fichiers sur /dev/sdb12, il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# tune2fs -i 100d /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | tune2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Setting interval between checks to 8640000 seconds | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dernièrement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb12 | grep UUID | ||
+ | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: ac7c133a-3f15-4fa4-81df-b1a0c808a4d0 | ||
+ | Journal UUID: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #14 - Ext4==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le système de fichiers **Ext4** a été introduit dans le noyau **2.6.19** en mode expérimental et est devenu stable dans le noyau **2.6.28**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ext4 n'est pas une évolution de Ext3. Cependant il a une compatibilité ascendante avec Ext3. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les fonctionnalités majeures d'Ext4 sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * la gestion des volumes d'une taille allant jusqu' | ||
+ | * l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | La compatibilité ascendante avec ext3 comprend : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * la possibilité de monter une partition Ext3 en tant que partition Ext4, | ||
+ | * la possibilité de monter une partition Ext4 en tant que partition Ext3 mais **uniquement** dans le cas où la partition Ext4 n'ait jamais utilisé l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour plus d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===14.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Ext4=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez un système de fichiers Ext4 sur **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb11 | ||
+ | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | /dev/sdb11 contains a jbd file system | ||
+ | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
+ | Creating filesystem with 512000 1k blocks and 128016 inodes | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: 52c3fea6-d28b-40db-b7e5-d3c289b51043 | ||
+ | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
+ | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Allocating group tables: done | ||
+ | Writing inode tables: done | ||
+ | Creating journal (8192 blocks): done | ||
+ | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez maintenant les caractéristiques du système de fichier : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb11 | more | ||
+ | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Filesystem volume name: < | ||
+ | Last mounted on: <not available> | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: 52c3fea6-d28b-40db-b7e5-d3c289b51043 | ||
+ | Filesystem magic number: | ||
+ | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | ||
+ | Filesystem features: | ||
+ | Filesystem flags: | ||
+ | Default mount options: | ||
+ | Filesystem state: | ||
+ | Errors behavior: | ||
+ | Filesystem OS type: Linux | ||
+ | Inode count: | ||
+ | Block count: | ||
+ | Reserved block count: | ||
+ | Overhead clusters: | ||
+ | Free blocks: | ||
+ | Free inodes: | ||
+ | First block: | ||
+ | Block size: 1024 | ||
+ | Fragment size: 1024 | ||
+ | Group descriptor size: 64 | ||
+ | Reserved GDT blocks: | ||
+ | Blocks per group: | ||
+ | Fragments per group: | ||
+ | Inodes per group: | ||
+ | Inode blocks per group: | ||
+ | Flex block group size: 16 | ||
+ | Filesystem created: | ||
+ | Last mount time: n/a | ||
+ | Last write time: Thu Oct 24 08:35:02 2024 | ||
+ | Mount count: | ||
+ | Maximum mount count: | ||
+ | Last checked: | ||
+ | Check interval: | ||
+ | Lifetime writes: | ||
+ | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | ||
+ | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | ||
+ | First inode: | ||
+ | Inode size: 256 | ||
+ | Required extra isize: | ||
+ | Desired extra isize: | ||
+ | Journal inode: | ||
+ | Default directory hash: | ||
+ | Directory Hash Seed: 6bf0e2d7-9fb0-4c7b-8d32-b0ca3113c0cd | ||
+ | Journal backup: | ||
+ | Checksum type: crc32c | ||
+ | Checksum: | ||
+ | Journal features: | ||
+ | Total journal size: 8M | ||
+ | Total journal blocks: | ||
+ | Max transaction length: | ||
+ | Fast commit length: | ||
+ | Journal sequence: | ||
+ | Journal start: | ||
+ | |||
+ | --More-- | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===14.2 - Ajouter une Etiquette au Système de Fichiers Ext4=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Utilisez la commande **e2label** pour associer une étiquette au système de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# e2label /dev/sdb11 my_ext4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb11 | more | ||
+ | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Filesystem volume name: | ||
+ | Last mounted on: <not available> | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: 52c3fea6-d28b-40db-b7e5-d3c289b51043 | ||
+ | Filesystem magic number: | ||
+ | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | ||
+ | Filesystem features: | ||
+ | Filesystem flags: | ||
+ | Default mount options: | ||
+ | Filesystem state: | ||
+ | Errors behavior: | ||
+ | Filesystem OS type: Linux | ||
+ | Inode count: | ||
+ | Block count: | ||
+ | Reserved block count: | ||
+ | Overhead clusters: | ||
+ | Free blocks: | ||
+ | Free inodes: | ||
+ | First block: | ||
+ | Block size: 1024 | ||
+ | Fragment size: 1024 | ||
+ | Group descriptor size: 64 | ||
+ | Reserved GDT blocks: | ||
+ | Blocks per group: | ||
+ | Fragments per group: | ||
+ | Inodes per group: | ||
+ | Inode blocks per group: | ||
+ | Flex block group size: 16 | ||
+ | Filesystem created: | ||
+ | Last mount time: n/a | ||
+ | Last write time: Thu Oct 24 08:36:06 2024 | ||
+ | Mount count: | ||
+ | Maximum mount count: | ||
+ | Last checked: | ||
+ | Check interval: | ||
+ | Lifetime writes: | ||
+ | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | ||
+ | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | ||
+ | First inode: | ||
+ | Inode size: 256 | ||
+ | Required extra isize: | ||
+ | Desired extra isize: | ||
+ | Journal inode: | ||
+ | Default directory hash: | ||
+ | Directory Hash Seed: 6bf0e2d7-9fb0-4c7b-8d32-b0ca3113c0cd | ||
+ | Journal backup: | ||
+ | Checksum type: crc32c | ||
+ | Checksum: | ||
+ | Journal features: | ||
+ | Total journal size: 8M | ||
+ | Total journal blocks: | ||
+ | Max transaction length: | ||
+ | Fast commit length: | ||
+ | Journal sequence: | ||
+ | Journal start: | ||
+ | |||
+ | --More-- | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - Notez que l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez un point de montage dans **/mnt** et essayez de monter **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkdir /mnt/sdb11 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb11 /mnt/sdb11 | ||
+ | mount: /mnt/sdb11: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb11, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - Notez l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez de nouveau la partition **sans** stipuler le type de système de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount /dev/sdb11 /mnt/sdb11 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount | grep sdb11 | ||
+ | /dev/sdb11 on /mnt/sdb11 type ext4 (rw, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - Constatez que la partition a été monté en tant qu' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===14.3 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext4=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez un système de fichiers ext3 sur /dev/sdb12 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | /dev/sdb12 contains a ext3 file system | ||
+ | created on Thu Oct 24 08:33:41 2024 | ||
+ | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | ||
+ | Discarding device blocks: done | ||
+ | Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: aed27e98-82d1-4a9d-a072-5f73162e8f4c | ||
+ | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | ||
+ | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Allocating group tables: done | ||
+ | Writing inode tables: done | ||
+ | Creating journal (4096 blocks): done | ||
+ | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez maintenant **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount /dev/sdb12 /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | total 12 | ||
+ | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Oct 24 08:38 lost+found | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# touch / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Injectez la chaine **check file** dans le fichier / | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# echo "check file" > / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Exécutez e2fsck sur /dev/sda12 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# e2fsck /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | e2fsck 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | /dev/sdb12: clean, 12/51200 files, 18527/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Convertissez /dev/sdb12 en Ext4 : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# tune2fs -O extents, | ||
+ | tune2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Optimisez le système de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# e2fsck -fDC0 /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | e2fsck 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes | ||
+ | Pass 2: Checking directory structure | ||
+ | Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity | ||
+ | Pass 3A: Optimizing directories | ||
+ | Pass 4: Checking reference counts | ||
+ | Pass 5: Checking group summary information | ||
+ | | ||
+ | /dev/sdb12: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** | ||
+ | /dev/sdb12: 12/51200 files (0.0% non-contiguous), | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Essayez de monter **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb12 /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | mount: /mnt/sdb12: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb12, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez /dev/sdb12 sans spécifier le type de fichiers Ext3 et vérifiez le contenu du fichier **check_file** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount /dev/sdb12 /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | total 13 | ||
+ | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11 Oct 24 08:39 check_file | ||
+ | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Oct 24 08:38 lost+found | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | check file | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dernièrement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb11 | grep UUID | ||
+ | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: 52c3fea6-d28b-40db-b7e5-d3c289b51043 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb12 | grep UUID | ||
+ | dumpe2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) | ||
+ | Filesystem UUID: aed27e98-82d1-4a9d-a072-5f73162e8f4c | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====LAB #15 - XFS==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | XFS est un système de fichiers 64-bit journalisé de haute performance crée par SGI pour son système d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Le système de fichiers XFS permet l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour plus d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===15.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers XFS=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Démontez **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez un système de fichiers XFS sur la partition **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | Filesystem should be larger than 300MB. | ||
+ | Log size should be at least 64MB. | ||
+ | Support for filesystems like this one is deprecated and they will not be supported in future releases. | ||
+ | meta-data=/ | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | data | ||
+ | | ||
+ | naming | ||
+ | log =internal log | ||
+ | | ||
+ | realtime =none | ||
+ | Discarding blocks...Done. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - Notez l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Consultez maintenant les caractéristiques du système de fichier : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# xfs_info /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | meta-data=/ | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | data | ||
+ | | ||
+ | naming | ||
+ | log =internal log | ||
+ | | ||
+ | realtime =none | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===15.2 - Ajouter une Etiquette au Système de Fichiers XFS=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Utilisez la commande **xfs_admin** pour associer une étiquette au système de fichiers : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# xfs_admin -L my_xfs /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | writing all SBs | ||
+ | new label = " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour voir l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | root@redhat9 ~]# xfs_admin -l /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | label = " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - Notez que l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dernièrement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# xfs_admin -u /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | UUID = 0b61a609-6997-4c63-9de9-d3d316c4d5d7 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - La commande **xfs_metadump** est utilisée pour sauvegarder les méta-données du système de fichiers, tandis que la commande **xfs_mdrestore** est utilisée pour restaurer les les méta-données du système de fichiers. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Autres Systèmes de Fichiers===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** - Veuillez noter que le support des systèmes de fichiers **ReiserFS**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====ReiserFS==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | %%ReiserFS%% permet : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * de meilleurs temps d' | ||
+ | * une plus grande efficacité pour ce qui concerne le stockage des fichiers moins de quelques ko. Le gain d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour plus d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====JFS==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | JFS //Journaled File System// est un système de fichiers journalisé mis au point par IBM et disponible sous licence GPL. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour plus d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Btrfs==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **[[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | A noter sont les points suivants : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Btrfs utilise des extents, | ||
+ | * Btrfs stocke les données des très petits fichiers directement dans l' | ||
+ | * Btrfs gère une notion de « sous-volumes » permettant ainsi des snapshots, | ||
+ | * Btrfs possède ses techniques propres de protection des données, | ||
+ | * Btrfs permet de redimensionner à chaud la taille du système de fichiers, | ||
+ | * Btrfs gère le RAID 0 ainsi que le RAID 1 logiciel, | ||
+ | * Btrfs gère la comprssion du système de fichiers. | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Comparaison des Commandes par Système de Fichiers===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Description ^ Ext3 ^ Ext4 ^ XFS ^ ReiserFS ^ JFS ^ Btrfs ^ | ||
+ | | Build a Linux filesystem | mkfs.ext3 (mke2fs -j) | mkfs.ext4 (mke4fs) | mkfs.xfs | mkfs.reiserfs (mkreiserfs) | mkfs.jfs (jfs_mkfs) | mkfs.btrfs | | ||
+ | | Check a Linux filesystem | e2fsck | e2fsck | xfs_check / xfs_repair | reiserfsck | jfs_fsck | btrfsck | | ||
+ | | Adjust tunable filesystem parameters Linux filesystems | tune2fs | tune2fs | xfs_admin | reiserfstune | jfs_tune | btrfs-show-super, | ||
+ | | File system resizer | resize2fs | resize2fs | xfs_growfs | resize_reiserfs | S/O | btrfs filesystem resize | | ||
+ | | Dump filesystem information | dumpe2fs | dumpe2fs | xfs_info / xfs_metadump | debugreiserfs | jfs_tune | btrfstune | | ||
+ | | File system debugger | debugfs | debugfs | xfs_db | debugreiserfs | jfs_debugfs | btrfs-debug-tree | | ||
+ | | Change the label on a filesystem | e2label | e2label | xfs_admin | reiserfstune | jfs_tune | btrfs filesystem label | | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====LAB #16 - Créer un Système de Fichiers ISO===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====16.1 - La Commande mkisofs==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour créer un fichier ISO à partir d'une arborescence de fichiers, il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cd /tmp | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 tmp]# mkisofs -r -T -o tmp.iso . | ||
+ | bash: mkisofs: command not found... | ||
+ | Install package ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | * Waiting in queue... | ||
+ | * Loading list of packages.... | ||
+ | The following packages have to be installed: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Proceed with changes? [N/y] y | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | * Waiting in queue... | ||
+ | * Waiting for authentication... | ||
+ | * Waiting in queue... | ||
+ | * Downloading packages... | ||
+ | * Requesting data... | ||
+ | * Testing changes... | ||
+ | * Installing packages... | ||
+ | xorriso 1.5.4 : RockRidge filesystem manipulator, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Drive current: -outdev ' | ||
+ | Media current: stdio file, overwriteable | ||
+ | Media status : is blank | ||
+ | Media summary: 0 sessions, 0 data blocks, 0 data, 37.0g free | ||
+ | xorriso : NOTE : -as genisofs: Ignored option ' | ||
+ | Added to ISO image: directory '/' | ||
+ | xorriso : UPDATE : 37 files added in 1 seconds | ||
+ | xorriso : UPDATE : 37 files added in 1 seconds | ||
+ | ISO image produced: 202 sectors | ||
+ | Written to medium : 202 sectors at LBA 0 | ||
+ | Writing to ' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le fichier ISO peut être monter en utilisant un périphérique de type **loop** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 tmp]# mount tmp.iso /mnt -o loop | ||
+ | mount: /mnt: WARNING: source write-protected, | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 tmp]# ls /mnt | ||
+ | copy.html | ||
+ | dbus-59XI29LyuI | ||
+ | dbus-K54lUGWRFp | ||
+ | dbus-pLIWTki5B4 | ||
+ | dbus-UpdINCi7Cg | ||
+ | file1 systemd-private-aea59c32b8804212a7e18c402fe2ec29-ModemManager.service-yO8983 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 tmp]# ls | ||
+ | copy.html | ||
+ | dbus-59XI29LyuI | ||
+ | dbus-K54lUGWRFp | ||
+ | dbus-pLIWTki5B4 | ||
+ | dbus-UpdINCi7Cg | ||
+ | file1 systemd-private-aea59c32b8804212a7e18c402fe2ec29-power-profiles-daemon.service-NoPIRE | ||
+ | file2 systemd-private-aea59c32b8804212a7e18c402fe2ec29-rtkit-daemon.service-RLivCo | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Démontez maintenant le fichier ISO : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 tmp]# cd ~ | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Options de la Commande mkisofs==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de cette commande sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkisofs --help | ||
+ | Usage: xorriso -as mkisofs [options] file... | ||
+ | Note: This is not mkisofs. See xorriso -help, xorriso -version, man xorrisofs | ||
+ | Options: | ||
+ | -f, -follow-links | ||
+ | -graft-points | ||
+ | -help Print option help | ||
+ | -hfsplus | ||
+ | -hfsplus-file-creator-type CREATOR TYPE iso_rr_path | ||
+ | Attach creator and type to a File | ||
+ | -hfs-bless FOLDER_NAME | ||
+ | -hfs-bless-by BLESS_TYPE ISO_RR_PATH | ||
+ | Bless ISO_RR_PATH by BLESS_TYPE {p,i,s,9,x} | ||
+ | -hfsplus-serial-no HEXSTRING | ||
+ | HFS serial number: 16 characters [0-9a-fA-F] | ||
+ | -hfsplus-block-size NUMBER | ||
+ | -apm-block-size NUMBER | ||
+ | -hide GLOBFILE | ||
+ | -hide-list FILE File with list of ISO9660/RR files to hide | ||
+ | -hide-joliet GLOBFILE | ||
+ | -hide-joliet-list FILE File with list of Joliet files to hide | ||
+ | -hide-hfsplus GLOBFILE | ||
+ | -hide-hfsplus-list FILE File with list of HFS+ files to hide | ||
+ | -input-charset CHARSET | ||
+ | -output-charset CHARSET | ||
+ | -iso-level LEVEL Set ISO9660 conformance level (1..3) or 4 for ISO9660 version 2 | ||
+ | -disallow_dir_id_ext | ||
+ | -J, -joliet | ||
+ | -joliet-long | ||
+ | -joliet-utf16 | ||
+ | -U, -untranslated-filenames Allow Untranslated filenames (for HPUX & AIX - violates ISO9660). | ||
+ | -untranslated_name_len LEN Allow up to LEN (1..96) name characters (heavily violates ISO9660). | ||
+ | -allow-lowercase | ||
+ | -relaxed-filenames | ||
+ | -d, -omit-period | ||
+ | -l, -full-iso9660-filenames Allow full 31 character filenames for ISO9660 names | ||
+ | -max-iso9660-filenames | ||
+ | -N, -omit-version-number | ||
+ | -D, -disable-deep-relocation | ||
+ | Disable deep directory relocation (violates ISO9660) | ||
+ | -hide-rr-moved | ||
+ | -rr_reloc_dir NAME Set deep directory relocation target in root | ||
+ | -uid uid Make the owner of all files this uid. | ||
+ | -gid gid Make the group owner of all files this gid. | ||
+ | -o FILE, -output FILE Set output file name | ||
+ | -m GLOBFILE, -exclude GLOBFILE | ||
+ | Exclude file name | ||
+ | -x FILE, -old-exclude FILE Exclude file name | ||
+ | -exclude-list FILE File with list of file names to exclude | ||
+ | -pad Pad output by 300k (default) | ||
+ | -no-pad | ||
+ | -M FILE, -prev-session FILE Set path to previous session to merge | ||
+ | -C PARAMS, -cdrecord-params PARAMS | ||
+ | Magic paramters from cdrecord | ||
+ | -dir-mode mode Make the mode of all directories this mode. | ||
+ | -file-mode mode Make the mode of all plain files this mode. | ||
+ | -path-list FILE File with list of pathnames to process | ||
+ | --quoted_path_list FILE File with list of quoted pathnames to process | ||
+ | -print-size | ||
+ | -quiet | ||
+ | -gui Switch behaviour for GUI | ||
+ | -R, -rock | ||
+ | -r, -rational-rock | ||
+ | --norock | ||
+ | -file_name_limit LEN Set truncation limit for Rock Ridge names | ||
+ | --hardlinks | ||
+ | --acl | ||
+ | --xattr | ||
+ | --xattr-any | ||
+ | --md5 | ||
+ | --scdbackup_tag PATH NAME With --md5 record a scdbackup checksum tag | ||
+ | --for_backup | ||
+ | -V ID, -volid ID Set Volume ID | ||
+ | -volset ID Set Volume set ID | ||
+ | -publisher PUB Set Volume publisher | ||
+ | -A ID, -appid ID Set Application ID | ||
+ | -sysid ID Set System ID | ||
+ | -p PREP, -preparer PREP Set Volume preparer | ||
+ | -abstract FILE Set Abstract filename | ||
+ | -biblio FILE Set Bibliographic filename | ||
+ | -copyright FILE Set Copyright filename | ||
+ | --application_use CHAR|PATH | ||
+ | -jigdo-jigdo FILE | ||
+ | -jigdo-template FILE Produce a jigdo .template file as well as the .iso | ||
+ | -jigdo-min-file-size SIZE | ||
+ | -jigdo-force-checksum PTRN Pattern(s) where files MUST match an externally-supplied checksum | ||
+ | -jigdo-force-md5 PATTERN | ||
+ | -jigdo-exclude PATTERN | ||
+ | -jigdo-map PATTERN1=PATTERN2 | ||
+ | Pattern(s) to map paths (e.g. Debian=/ | ||
+ | -checksum-list FILE File containing checksums of the files that should be checked | ||
+ | -md5-list FILE Outdated alias of -checksum-list | ||
+ | -jigdo-checksum-algorithm ALGORITHM | ||
+ | Choose algorithm for file matching checksums: md5, sha256 | ||
+ | Expected in the -checksum-list FILE, written into .jigdo file. | ||
+ | -jigdo-template-compress ALGORITHM | ||
+ | Choose to use gzip or bzip2 compression for template data; default is gzip | ||
+ | -checksum_algorithm_iso alg1, | ||
+ | Specify the checksum types desired for the output image (in .jigdo) | ||
+ | -checksum_algorithm_template alg1, | ||
+ | Specify the checksum types desired for the output jigdo template | ||
+ | -eltorito-platform | ||
+ | -b FILE, -eltorito-boot FILE | ||
+ | Set El Torito boot image name | ||
+ | -eltorito-alt-boot | ||
+ | --efi-boot FILE Set El Torito EFI boot image name and type | ||
+ | -e FILE Set EFI boot image name (more rawly) | ||
+ | -c FILE, -eltorito-catalog FILE | ||
+ | Set El Torito boot catalog name | ||
+ | --boot-catalog-hide | ||
+ | -boot-load-size # Set numbers of load sectors | ||
+ | -hard-disk-boot | ||
+ | -no-emul-boot | ||
+ | -boot-info-table | ||
+ | --grub2-boot-info | ||
+ | -eltorito-id ID Set El Torito Id String | ||
+ | -eltorito-selcrit HEXBYTES | ||
+ | -isohybrid-gpt-basdat | ||
+ | -isohybrid-gpt-hfsplus | ||
+ | -isohybrid-apm-hfsplus | ||
+ | -part_like_isohybrid | ||
+ | -iso_mbr_part_type | ||
+ | or type GUID if a GPT ISO partition emerges. | ||
+ | --gpt_disk_guid GUID Set GPT disk GUID or choose automatic GUID | ||
+ | -G FILE, -generic-boot FILE Set generic boot image name | ||
+ | --embedded-boot FILE Alias of -G | ||
+ | --protective-msdos-label | ||
+ | --mbr-force-bootable | ||
+ | -partition_offset LBA Make image mountable by first partition, too | ||
+ | -partition_sec_hd NUMBER | ||
+ | -partition_hd_cyl NUMBER | ||
+ | -partition_cyl_align MODE | ||
+ | -mips-boot FILE Set mips boot image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -mipsel-boot FILE Set mipsel boot image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -B FILES, -sparc-boot FILES Set sparc boot image names | ||
+ | -sparc-label label text Set sparc boot disk label | ||
+ | -hppa-cmdline CMDLINE | ||
+ | -hppa-kernel-32 FILE Set hppa 32-bit image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -hppa-kernel-64 FILE Set hppa 64-bit image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -hppa-bootloader FILE Set hppa boot loader file name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -hppa-ramdisk FILE Set hppa ramdisk file name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | -hppa-hdrversion NUMBER | ||
+ | -alpha-boot FILE Set alpha boot image name (relative to image root) | ||
+ | --grub2-sparc-core FILE Set path of core file for disk label patching | ||
+ | -efi-boot-part DISKFILE|--efi-boot-image | ||
+ | Set data source for EFI System Partition | ||
+ | -chrp-boot-part | ||
+ | -chrp-boot | ||
+ | -prep-boot-part DISKFILE | ||
+ | -append_partition NUMBER TYPE FILE | ||
+ | Append FILE after image. TYPE is hex: 0x.. or | ||
+ | a GUID to be used if -appended_part_as_gpt. | ||
+ | -appended_part_as_gpt | ||
+ | -appended_part_as_apm | ||
+ | --modification-date=YYYYMMDDhhmmsscc | ||
+ | Override date of creation and modification | ||
+ | --set_all_file_dates TIME | ||
+ | -isohybrid-mbr FILE Set SYSLINUX mbr/ | ||
+ | --grub2-mbr FILE Set GRUB2 MBR for boot image address patching | ||
+ | --sort-weight NUMBER FILE Set LBA weight number to file or file tree | ||
+ | --sort-weight-list DISKFILE Read list of NUMBER FILE pairs for --sort-weight | ||
+ | --sort-weight-patterns DISKFILE | ||
+ | --stdio_sync on|off|number | ||
+ | --no-emul-toc | ||
+ | --emul-toc | ||
+ | --old-empty | ||
+ | -z, -transparent-compression | ||
+ | Enable transparent compression of files | ||
+ | --zisofs-version-2 | ||
+ | --zisofs2-susp-z2 | ||
+ | --zisofs2-susp-zf | ||
+ | -root DIR Set root directory for all new files and directories | ||
+ | -old-root DIR Set root directory in previous session that is searched for files | ||
+ | --old-root-no-md5 | ||
+ | --old-root-no-ino | ||
+ | --old-root-devno | ||
+ | -log-file LOG_FILE | ||
+ | --no_rc | ||
+ | -v, -verbose | ||
+ | -version | ||
+ | |||
+ | Report any bugs to bug-xorriso@gnu.org or in private to scdbackup@gmx.net . | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====LAB #17 - Systèmes de Fichiers Chiffrés sous RedHat 9===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====17.1 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Chiffré avec LUKS sous RedHat 9===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Présentation=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **LUKS** ( Linux Unified Key Setup ) permet de chiffrer l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Mise en Place=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Remplissez la partition /dev/sdb12 avec des données aléatoires : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# shred -v --iterations=1 /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)... | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...5.7MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...10MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...14MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...18MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...23MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...27MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...31MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...36MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...41MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...45MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...49MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...53MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...57MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...61MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...64MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...68MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...73MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...77MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...81MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...86MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...90MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...94MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...98MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...105MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...108MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...112MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...113MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...117MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...121MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...125MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...129MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...133MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...137MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...141MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...145MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...148MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...152MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...156MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...159MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...163MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...167MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...170MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...174MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...178MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...182MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...187MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...190MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...194MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...198MiB/ | ||
+ | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)...200MiB/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : L' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Initialisez la partition avec LUKS : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup --verbose --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | WARNING! | ||
+ | ======== | ||
+ | This will overwrite data on /dev/sdb12 irrevocably. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Are you sure? (Type ' | ||
+ | Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb12: fenestros123456789 | ||
+ | Verify passphrase: fenestros123456789 | ||
+ | Key slot 0 created. | ||
+ | Command successful. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : La passphrase ne sera pas en claire. Elle l'est ici pour vous montrer un mot de passe acceptable pour LUKS. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ouvrez la partition LUKS en lui donnant le nom **sdb12** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb12 sdb12 | ||
+ | Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb12: fenestros123456789 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez que le système voit la partition : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# ls -l /dev/mapper | grep sdb12 | ||
+ | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Oct 24 09:21 sdb12 -> ../dm-9 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Créez maintenant un système de fichiers sur **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkfs.xfs / | ||
+ | Filesystem should be larger than 300MB. | ||
+ | Log size should be at least 64MB. | ||
+ | Support for filesystems like this one is deprecated and they will not be supported in future releases. | ||
+ | meta-data=/ | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | data | ||
+ | | ||
+ | naming | ||
+ | log =internal log | ||
+ | | ||
+ | realtime =none | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Montez la partition LUKS : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mount / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez la présence du montage : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# df -h | grep sdb12 | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Editez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vi / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat / | ||
+ | sdb12 /dev/sdb12 none | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Modifiez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vi /etc/fstab | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat /etc/fstab | ||
+ | |||
+ | # | ||
+ | # /etc/fstab | ||
+ | # Created by anaconda on Thu Oct 19 16:05:58 2023 | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # Accessible filesystems, | ||
+ | # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # After editing this file, run ' | ||
+ | # units generated from this file. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | UUID=6f6c5bb9-30be-4734-bc23-03fed8541616 /boot | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Restaurer les SC par défaut de SELinux : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# / | ||
+ | Relabeled /mnt/sdb12 from system_u: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Redémarrez votre machine virtuelle : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@centos8 ~]# shutdown -r now | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Lors du démarrage de la machine virtuelle, le système devrait vous demander d' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Ajouter une deuxième Passphrase=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour ajouter une deuxième passphrase, utilisez la commande cryptsetup avec la sous-commande **luksAddKey** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [trainee@redhat9 ~]$ su - | ||
+ | Password: fenestros | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | Enter any existing passphrase: fenestros123456789 | ||
+ | Enter new passphrase for key slot: redhat123456789 | ||
+ | Verify passphrase: redhat123456789 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Les passphrases ne seront pas en claire. Elle le sont ici pour vous montrer des mots de passe acceptables pour LUKS. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Supprimer une Passphrase=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour supprimer une passphrase, utilisez la commande cryptsetup avec la sous-commande **luksRemoveKey** : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup luksRemoveKey /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | Enter passphrase to be deleted: redhat123456789 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Supprimer LUKS=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Constatez le statut de LUKS : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# umount /mnt/sdb12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup status sdb12 | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | type: LUKS2 | ||
+ | cipher: | ||
+ | keysize: 512 bits | ||
+ | key location: keyring | ||
+ | device: | ||
+ | sector size: 512 | ||
+ | offset: | ||
+ | size: 376832 sectors | ||
+ | mode: read/write | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Avant de supprimer LUKs, il convient de supprimer la dernière passphrase : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup luksRemoveKey /dev/sdb12 | ||
+ | Enter passphrase to be deleted: | ||
+ | |||
+ | WARNING! | ||
+ | ======== | ||
+ | This is the last keyslot. Device will become unusable after purging this key. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Are you sure? (Type ' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez maintenant LUKs : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup remove / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifiez de nouveau le statut : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cryptsetup status sdb12 | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# lsblk | ||
+ | NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS | ||
+ | sda | ||
+ | ├─sda1 | ||
+ | └─sda2 | ||
+ | ├─rhel-root 253:0 0 | ||
+ | └─rhel-swap 253:1 0 5G 0 lvm | ||
+ | sdb | ||
+ | ├─sdb1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb2 | ||
+ | ├─sdb3 | ||
+ | ├─sdb4 | ||
+ | ├─sdb5 | ||
+ | ├─sdb6 | ||
+ | │ └─vg0-lv1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb7 | ||
+ | │ └─vg0-lv2 | ||
+ | ├─sdb8 | ||
+ | │ └─md1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb9 | ||
+ | │ └─vg0-lv2 | ||
+ | ├─sdb10 | ||
+ | │ └─md1 | ||
+ | ├─sdb11 | ||
+ | └─sdb12 | ||
+ | sdc | ||
+ | sdd | ||
+ | sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Editez les fichiers **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# vi /etc/fstab | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# cat /etc/fstab | ||
+ | |||
+ | # | ||
+ | # /etc/fstab | ||
+ | # Created by anaconda on Thu Oct 19 16:05:58 2023 | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # Accessible filesystems, | ||
+ | # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # After editing this file, run ' | ||
+ | # units generated from this file. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | UUID=6f6c5bb9-30be-4734-bc23-03fed8541616 /boot | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez le fichier **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# rm -f / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====LAB #18 - Le Swap===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====18.1 - Taille du swap==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le tableau suivant résume la taille du swap recommandée en fonction de la RAM de la machine : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ RAM ^ Taille du swap ^ Taille du Swap si Hibernation ^ | ||
+ | | 2 Go ou moins | 2 * RAM | 3 * RAM | | ||
+ | | 2 Go à 8 Go | Identique à la RAM | 2 * RAM | | ||
+ | | 8 Go à 64 Go | Au moins 4 Go | 1.5 * RAM | | ||
+ | | 64 Go et plus | Au moins 4 Go | Hibernation n'est pas recommendée | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====18.2 - Partitions de swap==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une partition de swap peut être créée sur : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * une partition du disque dur | ||
+ | * un RAID logiciel | ||
+ | * un Volume Logique | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====18.3 - La Commande swapon==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour préparer un espace de swap, il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapon -s | ||
+ | Filename | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Vous noterez que dans l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Options de la Commande=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les options de la commande swapon sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapon --help | ||
+ | |||
+ | Usage: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Enable devices and files for paging and swapping. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Options: | ||
+ | -a, --all enable all swaps from /etc/fstab | ||
+ | -d, --discard[=< | ||
+ | -e, --ifexists | ||
+ | -f, --fixpgsz | ||
+ | -o, --options < | ||
+ | -p, --priority < | ||
+ | -s, --summary | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -v, --verbose | ||
+ | |||
+ | -h, --help | ||
+ | -V, --version | ||
+ | |||
+ | The < | ||
+ | -L < | ||
+ | -U < | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | Available discard policy types (for --discard): | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | If no policy is selected, both discard types are enabled (default). | ||
+ | |||
+ | Available output columns: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more details see swapon(8). | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : L' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====18.4 - La Commande swapoff==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans le cas de notre exemple, la partition de swap se trouve sur **/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapoff /dev/dm-1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapon -s | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Options de la Commande=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapoff --help | ||
+ | |||
+ | Usage: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | Disable devices and files for paging and swapping. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Options: | ||
+ | -a, --all disable all swaps from /proc/swaps | ||
+ | -v, --verbose | ||
+ | |||
+ | -h, --help | ||
+ | -V, --version | ||
+ | |||
+ | The < | ||
+ | -L < | ||
+ | -U < | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more details see swapoff(8). | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====18.5 - Créer un Fichier de Swap==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sous Linux, vous pouvez aussi bien utiliser un fichier de swap qu'une partition. La mise en place de ce fichier est faite en utilisant la commande **dd**. | ||
+ | |||
+ | La commande **dd** copie le fichier passé en entrée dans le fichier de sortie en limitant le nombre d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **count** | ||
+ | * le nombre | ||
+ | * **bs** | ||
+ | * la taille du bloc à copier | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans le cas du fichier swap il convient d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour créer votre fichier de swap de 256 MiB, appelé **swap**, saisissez la commande suivante : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# dd if=/ | ||
+ | 256+0 records in | ||
+ | 256+0 records out | ||
+ | 268435456 bytes (268 MB, 256 MiB) copied, 1.45212 s, 185 MB/s | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour préparer le fichier en tant qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# mkswap /swap | ||
+ | mkswap: /swap: insecure permissions 0644, fix with: chmod 0600 /swap | ||
+ | Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 256 MiB (268431360 bytes) | ||
+ | no label, UUID=6bc62766-8662-478a-8556-8b17b26fc5ae | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour activer le fichier avec une priorité de **1**, saisissez la commande suivante : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapon -p1 /swap | ||
+ | swapon: /swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapon /dev/dm-1 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour visualiser les éspaces swap, saisissez la commande suivante : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapon -s | ||
+ | Filename | ||
+ | /swap | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Le fichier de swap ayant une priorité de 1 sera utilisé avant la partition de swap ayant une priorité de -2. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round important 60%> | ||
+ | **Important** : Pour activer le fichier swap d'une manière permanente, il convient d' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Désactivez maintenant le fichier swap : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapoff /swap | ||
+ | |||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# swapon -s | ||
+ | Filename | ||
+ | / | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Supprimez maintenant le fichier de swap : | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | [root@redhat9 ~]# rm /swap | ||
+ | rm: remove regular file '/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ----- | ||
+ | Copyright © 2024 Hugh Norris. |