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elearning:workbooks:kubernetes_en:k8s00 [2024/12/26 14:46] – adminelearning:workbooks:kubernetes_en:k8s00 [2025/01/17 16:37] (Version actuelle) – admin
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 ~~PDF:LANDSCAPE~~ ~~PDF:LANDSCAPE~~
  
-Version - **2024.01**+Version - **2025.01**
  
 Last update : ~~LASTMOD~~ Last update : ~~LASTMOD~~
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 =====Curriculum===== =====Curriculum=====
  
-* **DOE301 - Creating Kubernetes clusters** +  * **DOE301 - Creating Kubernetes clusters** 
-  * Curriculum +    * Curriculum 
-  * Container Orchestration +    * Container Orchestration 
-  * Introduction to Kubernetes (k8s) +    * Introduction to Kubernetes (k8s) 
-    * Master +      * Control Plane 
-    * Nodes (Minions) +      * Controller 
-  * LAB #1 - Creating a Kubernetes cluster with Virtual Machines +      * Nodes (Minions) 
-    * 1.1 - Overview +    * LAB #1 - Creating a Kubernetes cluster with Virtual Machines 
-    * 1.2 - Connecting to the kubemaster Virtual Machine +      * 1.1 - Overview 
-    * 1.3 - Testing the network +      * 1.2 - Connecting to the kubemaster 
-    * 1.4 - Initializing the Cluster Master +      * 1.3 - Testing the network 
-    * 1.5 - Installing a Network Extension for communication between PODs +      * 1.4 - Initializing the Cluster Controller 
-    * 1.6 - Connecting workers to the Master  +      * 1.5 - Installing a Network Extension for communication between PODs 
-    * 1.7 - K8s and High Availability +      * 1.6 - Connecting workers to the Controller  
-  * LAB #2 - Creating a Kubernetes cluster with Minikube +      * 1.7 - K8s and High Availability 
-    * 2.1 - Introducing Minikube +    * LAB #2 - Creating a Kubernetes cluster with Minikube 
-    * 2.2 - Installing Minikube +      * 2.1 - Introducing Minikube 
-    * 2.3 - Configuring Minikube +      * 2.2 - Installing Minikube 
-    * 2.4 - Installing Docker +      * 2.3 - Configuring Minikube 
-    * 2.5 - Installing kubectl +      * 2.4 - Installing Docker 
-    * 2.6 - The minikube addons command +      * 2.5 - Installing kubectl 
-    * 2.7 - The minikube dashboard command+      * 2.6 - The minikube addons command 
 +      * 2.7 - The minikube dashboard addon
  
 =====VirtualBoxes===== =====VirtualBoxes=====
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   * [[https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/s5t95lzt0vbj45olfwzpr/Kubenode01_10.0.2.66.ova?rlkey=58n7yl8mb5gi1s3u3g9zp8b8s&dl=0|Kubenode1]]   * [[https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/s5t95lzt0vbj45olfwzpr/Kubenode01_10.0.2.66.ova?rlkey=58n7yl8mb5gi1s3u3g9zp8b8s&dl=0|Kubenode1]]
   * [[https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/3juqu67ozwztgzigpou4d/Kubenode02_10.0.2.67.ova?rlkey=fi3wz1vbqlajxlz0s4ng6tytv&dl=0|Kubenode2]]   * [[https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/3juqu67ozwztgzigpou4d/Kubenode02_10.0.2.67.ova?rlkey=fi3wz1vbqlajxlz0s4ng6tytv&dl=0|Kubenode2]]
- 
-=====Resources===== 
- 
-====Lab #1==== 
- 
-  * [[https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/4re69olas74ri15rg7w0f/calico.yaml?rlkey=pz07c97in4e0l2xj5yp4qj9nj&dl=0|calico.yaml]] 
  
 =====Container orchestration===== =====Container orchestration=====
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 =====LAB #1 - Creating a Kubernetes cluster with Virtual Machines===== =====LAB #1 - Creating a Kubernetes cluster with Virtual Machines=====
  
-====.1 - Overview====+====1.1 - Overview====
  
 Note that the virtual machines used with Kubernetes must be running one of the following distributions: Note that the virtual machines used with Kubernetes must be running one of the following distributions:
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 ^ Virtual Machine ^ Host name ^ Interface 1 ^ Interface 2 ^ ^ Virtual Machine ^ Host name ^ Interface 1 ^ Interface 2 ^
-| kubemaster.ittraining.loc | 10.0.2.65 | 192.168.56.2 |+| kubemaster | kubemaster.ittraining.loc | 10.0.2.65 | 192.168.56.2 |
 | kubenode1 | kubenode1.ittraining.loc | 10.0.2.66 | 192.168.56.3 | | kubenode1 | kubenode1.ittraining.loc | 10.0.2.66 | 192.168.56.3 |
 | kubenode2 | kubenode2.ittraining.loc | 10.0.2.67 | 192.168.56.4 | | kubenode2 | kubenode2.ittraining.loc | 10.0.2.67 | 192.168.56.4 |
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-====1.2 - Connecting to the kubemaster==== virtual machine+====1.2 - Connecting to the kubemaster====
  
 Type the following command to connect to the **kubemaster** machine: Type the following command to connect to the **kubemaster** machine:
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 </code> </code>
  
-====.4 - Cluster Master initialization====+====1.4 - Initializing the Cluster Controller====
  
 Remove any previous Kubernetes configuration: Remove any previous Kubernetes configuration:
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 </code> </code>
  
-Initialize the **kubemaster** cluster master by specifying the CIDR of the **Calico** network extension and the master's IP address:+Initialize the **kubemaster** cluster controller by specifying the CIDR of the **Calico** network extension and the contoller's IP address:
  
 <code> <code>
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 <code> <code>
 root@kubemaster:~# kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system root@kubemaster:~# kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
-NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE +NAME                                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE 
-coredns-6d4b75cb6d-dw4ph 0/1 Pending 0 7m28s +coredns-6d4b75cb6d-dw4ph                            0/1     Pending   0          7m28s 
-coredns-6d4b75cb6d-ms2jm 0/1 Pending 0 7m28s +coredns-6d4b75cb6d-ms2jm                            0/1     Pending   0          7m28s 
-etcd-kubemaster.ittraining.loc 1/1 Running 0 7m42s +etcd-kubemaster.ittraining.loc                      1/1     Running   0          7m42s 
-kube-apiserver-kubemaster.ittraining.loc 1/1 Running 0 7m42s +kube-apiserver-kubemaster.ittraining.loc            1/1     Running   0          7m42s 
-kube-controller-manager-kubemaster.ittraining.loc 1/1 Running 0 7m42s +kube-controller-manager-kubemaster.ittraining.loc   1/1     Running   0          7m42s 
-kube-proxy-jx76x 1/1 Running 0 7m29s +kube-proxy-jx76x                                    1/1     Running   0          7m29s 
-kube-scheduler-kubemaster.ittraining.loc 1/1 Running 0 7m42s+kube-scheduler-kubemaster.ittraining.loc            1/1     Running   0          7m42s
 </code> </code>
  
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 </code> </code>
  
-====1.6 - Connecting workers to the Master====+<WRAP center round important 60%> 
 +Important: If your unable to download the **calico.yaml** file above, download it from **[[https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/4re69olas74ri15rg7w0f/calico.yaml?rlkey=pz07c97in4e0l2xj5yp4qj9nj&dl=0|here]]** to the current directory and modify the above command to **kubectl apply -f calico.yaml**. 
 +</WRAP> 
 + 
 +====1.6 - Connecting workers to the Controller====
  
 Run the command **kubeadm token create --print-join-command** and copy the command output : Run the command **kubeadm token create --print-join-command** and copy the command output :
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 apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1 apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
 authentication: authentication:
-anonymous: +  anonymous: 
-enabled: false +    enabled: false 
-webhook: +  webhook: 
-cacheTTL: 0s +    cacheTTL: 0s 
-enabled: true +    enabled: true 
-x509: +  x509: 
-clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt+    clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
 authorization: authorization:
-mode: Webhook +  mode: Webhook 
-webhook: +  webhook: 
-cacheAuthorizedTTL: 0s +    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 0s 
-cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 0s+    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 0s
 cgroupDriver: systemd cgroupDriver: systemd
 clusterDNS: clusterDNS:
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 kind: KubeletConfiguration kind: KubeletConfiguration
 logging: logging:
-flushFrequency: 0 +  flushFrequency: 0 
-options: +  options: 
-json: +    json: 
-infoBufferSize: “0” +      infoBufferSize: "0" 
-verbosity: 0+  verbosity: 0
 memorySwap: {} memorySwap: {}
 nodeStatusReportFrequency: 0s nodeStatusReportFrequency: 0s
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 <code> <code>
 root@kubenode2:~# exit root@kubenode2:~# exit
-logout+déconnexion
 trainee@kubenode2:~$ exit trainee@kubenode2:~$ exit
-logout+déconnexion
 Connection to kubenode2 closed. Connection to kubenode2 closed.
 root@kubemaster:~# kubectl get nodes root@kubemaster:~# kubectl get nodes
-NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION +NAME                        STATUS     ROLES           AGE    VERSION 
-kubemaster.ittraining.loc Ready control-plane 3h8m v1.24.2 +kubemaster.ittraining.loc   Ready      control-plane   3h8m   v1.24.2 
-kubenode1.ittraining.loc NotReady <none> 5m3s v1.24.2 +kubenode1.ittraining.loc    NotReady   <none>          5m3s   v1.24.2 
-kubenode2.ittraining.loc NotReady <none> 89s v1.24.2+kubenode2.ittraining.loc    NotReady   <none>          89s    v1.24.2
 </code> </code>
  
-====.7 - K8s and High Availability====+====1.7 - K8s and High Availability====
  
 In order to implement K8s in a high-availability environment, it is necessary to have at least two **Controllers** in the cluster. In order to implement K8s in a high-availability environment, it is necessary to have at least two **Controllers** in the cluster.
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 <code> <code>
 trainee@gateway:~$ curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 trainee@gateway:~$ curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64
-% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current +  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current 
-Download Upload Total Spent Left Speed +                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed 
-100 71.4M 100 71.4M 0 0 58.0M 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 58.0M+100 71.4M  100 71.4M    0     0  58.0M      0  0:00:01  0:00:01 --:--:-- 58.0M
 </code> </code>
  
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 </code>  </code> 
  
-Check that the last command is supported:+Check that the last command was successful:
  
 <code> <code>
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 </code> </code>
  
-Check that the last command is supported:+Check that the last command was successful:
  
 <code> <code>
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 root@gateway:~# docker version root@gateway:~# docker version
 Client: Docker Engine - Community Client: Docker Engine - Community
-Version: 27.3.1 + Version:           27.3.1 
-API version: 1.47 + API version:       1.47 
-Go version: go1.22.7 + Go version:        go1.22.7 
-Git commit: ce12230 + Git commit:        ce12230 
-Built: Fri Sep 20 11:41:19 2024 + Built:             Fri Sep 20 11:41:19 2024 
-OS/Arch: linux/amd64 + OS/Arch:           linux/amd64 
-Context: default+ Context:           default
  
 Server: Docker Engine - Community Server: Docker Engine - Community
-Engine: + Engine: 
-Version: 27.3.1 +  Version:          27.3.1 
-API version: 1.47 (minimum version 1.24) +  API version:      1.47 (minimum version 1.24) 
-Go version: go1.22.7 +  Go version:       go1.22.7 
-Git commit: 41ca978 +  Git commit:       41ca978 
-Built: Fri Sep 20 11:41:19 2024 +  Built:            Fri Sep 20 11:41:19 2024 
-OS/Arch: linux/amd64 +  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64 
-Experimental: false +  Experimental:     false 
-containerd: + containerd: 
-Version: 1.7.24 +  Version:          1.7.24 
-GitCommit: 88bf19b2105c8b17560993bee28a01ddc2f97182 +  GitCommit:        88bf19b2105c8b17560993bee28a01ddc2f97182 
-runc: + runc: 
-Version: 1.2.2 +  Version:          1.2.2 
-GitCommit: v1.2.2-0-g7cb3632 +  GitCommit:        v1.2.2-0-g7cb3632 
-docker-init: + docker-init: 
-Version: 0.19.0 +  Version:          0.19.0 
-GitCommit: de40ad0+  GitCommit:        de40ad0
 </code> </code>
  
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 <code> <code>
 trainee@gateway:~$ minikube start trainee@gateway:~$ minikube start
-😄 minikube v1.34.0 on Debian 11.8 (kvm/amd64) +😄  minikube v1.34.0 on Debian 11.8 (kvm/amd64) 
-✨ Using the virtualbox driver based on existing profile +✨  Using the virtualbox driver based on existing profile 
-👍 Starting “minikube” primary control-plane node in “minikube” cluster +👍  Starting "minikube" primary control-plane node in "minikube" cluster 
-🤷 virtualbox “minikube” VM is missing, will recreate. +🤷  virtualbox "minikube" VM is missing, will recreate. 
-🔥 Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=4000MB, Disk=20000MB) ... +🔥  Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=4000MB, Disk=20000MB) ... 
-🐳 Preparing Kubernetes v1.31.0 on Docker 27.2.0 ... +🐳  Preparing Kubernetes v1.31.0 on Docker 27.2.0 ... 
-▪ Generating certificates and keys ... +    ▪ Generating certificates and keys ... 
-▪ Booting up control plane ... +    ▪ Booting up control plane ... 
-▪ Configuring RBAC rules ... +    ▪ Configuring RBAC rules ... 
-🔗 Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ... +🔗  Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ... 
-▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5+    ▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5
 ╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ ╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ You have selected “virtualbox” driver, but there are better options! │ +│    You have selected "virtualbox" driver, but there are better options !                          │ 
-│ For better performance and support consider using a different driver: │ +│    For better performance and support consider using a different driver:                          │ 
-│ - kvm2 │ +│            - kvm2                                                                                 │ 
-│ - qemu2 │ +│            - qemu2                                                                                │ 
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ To turn off this warning run: │ +│    To turn off this warning run:                                                                  │ 
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ $ minikube config set WantVirtualBoxDriverWarning false │ +│            $ minikube config set WantVirtualBoxDriverWarning false                                │ 
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ To learn more about on minikube drivers checkout https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/ │ +│    To learn more about on minikube drivers checkout https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/    │ 
-│ To see benchmarks checkout https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/benchmarks/cpuusage/ │ +│    To see benchmarks checkout https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/benchmarks/cpuusage/              │ 
-│ │+│                                                                                                   │
 ╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ ╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
-🔎 Verifying Kubernetes components... +🔎  Verifying Kubernetes components... 
-🌟 Enabled addons: default-storageclass, storage-provisioner +🌟  Enabled addons: default-storageclass, storage-provisioner 
-💡 kubectl not found. If you need it, try: 'minikube kubectl -- get pods -A' +💡  kubectl not found. If you need it, try: 'minikube kubectl -- get pods -A' 
-🏄 Done! kubectl is now configured to use “minikube” cluster and “default” namespace by default+🏄  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default
 </code> </code>
  
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 <code> <code>
 trainee@gateway:~$ minikube kubectl -- get pods -A trainee@gateway:~$ minikube kubectl -- get pods -A
-> kubectl.sha256: 64 B / 64 B [-------------------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s +    > kubectl.sha256:  64 B / 64 B [-------------------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s 
-> kubectl: 53.77 MiB / 53.77 MiB [----------] 100.00% 227.90 MiB p/s 400ms +    > kubectl:  53.77 MiB / 53.77 MiB [----------] 100.00% 227.90 MiB p/s 400ms 
-NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE +NAMESPACE     NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE 
-kube-system coredns-6f6b679f8f-9ql4g 1/1 Running 0 3m48s +kube-system   coredns-6f6b679f8f-9ql4g           1/1     Running   0          3m48s 
-kube-system coredns-6f6b679f8f-n5b86 1/1 Running 0 3m48s +kube-system   coredns-6f6b679f8f-n5b86           1/1     Running   0          3m48s 
-kube-system etcd-minikube 1/1 Running 0 4m +kube-system   etcd-minikube                      1/1     Running   0          4m 
-kube-system kube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 0 3m52s +kube-system   kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     Running   0          3m52s 
-kube-system kube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 3m51s +kube-system   kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     Running   0          3m51s 
-kube-system kube-proxy-5rnt6 1/1 Running 0 3m49s +kube-system   kube-proxy-5rnt6                   1/1     Running   0          3m49s 
-kube-system kube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 0 3m58s +kube-system   kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     Running   0          3m58s 
-kube-system storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 3m40s+kube-system   storage-provisioner                1/1     Running   0          3m40s
 </code> </code>
  
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 <code> <code>
-trainee@gateway:~$ minikube start +rainee@gateway:~$ minikube start 
-😄 minikube v1.34.0 on Debian 11.8 (kvm/amd64) +😄  minikube v1.34.0 on Debian 11.8 (kvm/amd64) 
-✨ Using the virtualbox driver based on existing profile +✨  Using the virtualbox driver based on existing profile 
-👍 Starting “minikube” primary control-plane node in “minikube” cluster +👍  Starting "minikube" primary control-plane node in "minikube" cluster 
-🔄 Restarting existing virtualbox VM for “minikube” ... +🔄  Restarting existing virtualbox VM for "minikube" ... 
-🐳 Preparing Kubernetes v1.31.0 on Docker 27.2.0 ... +🐳  Preparing Kubernetes v1.31.0 on Docker 27.2.0 ... 
-🔗 Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ...+🔗  Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ...
 ╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ ╭───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ You have selected “virtualbox” driver, but there are better options! │ +│    You have selected "virtualbox" driver, but there are better options !                          │ 
-│ For better performance and support consider using a different driver: │ +│    For better performance and support consider using a different driver:                          │ 
-│ - kvm2 │ +│            - kvm2                                                                                 │ 
-│ - qemu2 │ +│            - qemu2                                                                                │ 
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ To turn off this warning run: │ +│    To turn off this warning run:                                                                  │ 
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ $ minikube config set WantVirtualBoxDriverWarning false │ +│            $ minikube config set WantVirtualBoxDriverWarning false                                │ 
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ │ +│                                                                                                   │ 
-│ To learn more about on minikube drivers checkout https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/ │ +│    To learn more about on minikube drivers checkout https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/    │ 
-│ To see benchmarks checkout https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/benchmarks/cpuusage/ │ +│    To see benchmarks checkout https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/benchmarks/cpuusage/              │ 
-│ │+│                                                                                                   │
 ╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯ ╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
-▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5 +    ▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5 
-🔎 Verifying Kubernetes components... +🔎  Verifying Kubernetes components... 
-🌟 Enabled addons: default-storageclass, storage-provisioner +🌟  Enabled addons: default-storageclass, storage-provisioner 
-💡 kubectl not found. If you need it, try: 'minikube kubectl -- get pods -A' +💡  kubectl not found. If you need it, try: 'minikube kubectl -- get pods -A' 
-🏄 Done! kubectl is now configured to use “minikube” cluster and “default” namespace by default+🏄  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default
 </code> </code>
  
Ligne 1080: Ligne 1079:
 </code> </code>
  
-====2.6 - The minikube command addons====+====2.6 - The minikube addons command====
  
 Minikube uses modules. These modules are called **addons**. To view installed addons and their status, use the **minikube addons list** command: Minikube uses modules. These modules are called **addons**. To view installed addons and their status, use the **minikube addons list** command:
Ligne 1087: Ligne 1086:
 trainee@gateway:~$ minikube addons list trainee@gateway:~$ minikube addons list
 |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------| |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
-| ADDON NAME | PROFILE | STATUS | MAINTAINER |+|         ADDON NAME          | PROFILE  |    STATUS    |           MAINTAINER           |
 |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------| |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
-| ambassador | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Ambassador) | +| ambassador                  | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Ambassador)         | 
-| auto-pause | minikube | disabled | minikube | +| auto-pause                  | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       | 
-| cloud-spanner | minikube | disabled | Google | +| cloud-spanner               | minikube | disabled     | Google                         | 
-| csi-hostpath-driver | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes | +| csi-hostpath-driver         | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     | 
-| dashboard | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes | +| dashboard                   | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     | 
-| default-storageclass | minikube | enabled ✅ | Kubernetes | +| default-storageclass        | minikube | enabled ✅   | Kubernetes                     | 
-| minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Elastic) | +| efk                         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Elastic)            | 
-| freshpod | minikube | disabled | Google | +| freshpod                    | minikube | disabled     | Google                         | 
-| gcp-auth | minikube | disabled | Google | +| gcp-auth                    | minikube | disabled     | Google                         | 
-| gvisor | minikube | disabled | minikube | +| gvisor                      | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       | 
-| headlamp | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (kinvolk.io) | +| headlamp                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (kinvolk.io)         | 
-| helm-tiller | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Helm) | +| helm-tiller                 | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Helm)               | 
-| inaccel | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (InAccel | +| inaccel                     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (InAccel             | 
-| | | [info@inaccel.com]) | +|                             |          |              | [info@inaccel.com])            | 
-| ingress | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes | +| ingress                     | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     | 
-| ingress-dns | minikube | disabled | minikube | +| ingress-dns                 | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       | 
-| inspektor-gadget | minikube | disabled | 3rd party | +| inspektor-gadget            | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party                      | 
-| (inspektor-gadget.io) | +|                             |          |              | (inspektor-gadget.io)          | 
-| istio | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Istio) | +| istio                       | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Istio)              | 
-| istio-provisioner | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Istio) | +| istio-provisioner           | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Istio)              | 
-| minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Kong HQ) | +| kong                        | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Kong HQ)            | 
-| kubeflow | minikube | disabled | 3rd party | +| kubeflow                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party                      | 
-| kubevirt | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (KubeVirt) | +| kubevirt                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (KubeVirt)           | 
-| logviewer | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (unknown) | +| logviewer                   | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            | 
-| metallb | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (MetalLB) | +| metallb                     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (MetalLB)            | 
-| metrics-server | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes | +| metrics-server              | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     | 
-| nvidia-device-plugin | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (NVIDIA) | +| nvidia-device-plugin        | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (NVIDIA)             | 
-| nvidia-driver-installer | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (NVIDIA) | +| nvidia-driver-installer     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (NVIDIA)             | 
-| nvidia-gpu-device-plugin | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (NVIDIA) | +| nvidia-gpu-device-plugin    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (NVIDIA)             | 
-| olm | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Operator Framework) | +| olm                         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Operator Framework) | 
-| pod-security-policy | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (unknown) | +| pod-security-policy         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            | 
-| portainer | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Portainer.io) | +| portainer                   | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Portainer.io)       | 
-| registry | minikube | disabled | minikube | +| registry                    | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       | 
-| registry-aliases | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (unknown) | +| registry-aliases            | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            | 
-| registry-creds | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (UPMC Enterprises) | +| registry-creds              | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (UPMC Enterprises)   | 
-| storage-provisioner | minikube | enabled ✅ | minikube | +| storage-provisioner         | minikube | enabled ✅   | minikube                       | 
-| storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Gluster) | +| storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Gluster)            | 
-| storage-provisioner-rancher | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Rancher) | +| storage-provisioner-rancher | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Rancher)            | 
-| volcano | minikube | disabled | third-party (volcano) | +| volcano                     | minikube | disabled     | third-party (volcano)          | 
-| volumesnapshots | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes | +| volumesnapshots             | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     | 
-| yakd | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (marcnuri.com) |+| yakd                        | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (marcnuri.com)       |
 |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------| |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
 </code> </code>
Ligne 1137: Ligne 1136:
 <code> <code>
 trainee@gateway:~$ minikube addons enable metrics-server trainee@gateway:~$ minikube addons enable metrics-server
-💡 metrics-server is an addon maintained by Kubernetes. For any concerns contact minikube on GitHub.+💡  metrics-server is an addon maintained by Kubernetes. For any concerns contact minikube on GitHub.
 You can view the list of minikube maintainers at: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/blob/master/OWNERS You can view the list of minikube maintainers at: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/blob/master/OWNERS
-▪ Using image registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.7.2 +    ▪ Using image registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.7.2 
-🌟 The 'metrics-server' addon is enabled+🌟  The 'metrics-server' addon is enabled
 </code> </code>
  
Ligne 1148: Ligne 1147:
 trainee@gateway:~$ minikube addons list trainee@gateway:~$ minikube addons list
 |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------| |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
-| ADDON NAME | PROFILE | STATUS | MAINTAINER |+|         ADDON NAME          | PROFILE  |    STATUS    |           MAINTAINER           |
 |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------| |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
-| ambassador | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Ambassador) | +| ambassador                  | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Ambassador)         | 
-| auto-pause | minikube | disabled | minikube | +| auto-pause                  | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       | 
-| cloud-spanner | minikube | disabled | Google | +| cloud-spanner               | minikube | disabled     | Google                         | 
-| csi-hostpath-driver | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes | +| csi-hostpath-driver         | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     | 
-| dashboard | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes | +| dashboard                   | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     | 
-| default-storageclass | minikube | enabled ✅ | Kubernetes | +| default-storageclass        | minikube | enabled ✅   | Kubernetes                     | 
-| minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Elastic) | +| efk                         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Elastic)            | 
-| freshpod | minikube | disabled | Google | +| freshpod                    | minikube | disabled     | Google                         | 
-| gcp-auth | minikube | disabled | Google | +| gcp-auth                    | minikube | disabled     | Google                         | 
-| gvisor | minikube | disabled | minikube | +| gvisor                      | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       | 
-| headlamp | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (kinvolk.io) | +| headlamp                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (kinvolk.io)         | 
-| helm-tiller | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Helm) | +| helm-tiller                 | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Helm)               | 
-| inaccel | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (InAccel | +| inaccel                     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (InAccel             | 
-| | | [info@inaccel.com]) | +|                             |          |              | [info@inaccel.com])            | 
-| ingress | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes | +| ingress                     | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     | 
-| ingress-dns | minikube | disabled | minikube | +| ingress-dns                 | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       | 
-| inspektor-gadget | minikube | disabled | 3rd party | +| inspektor-gadget            | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party                      | 
-| (inspektor-gadget.io) | +|                             |          |              | (inspektor-gadget.io)          | 
-| istio | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Istio) | +| istio                       | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Istio)              | 
-| istio-provisioner | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Istio) | +| istio-provisioner           | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Istio)              | 
-| minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Kong HQ) | +| kong                        | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Kong HQ)            | 
-| kubeflow | minikube | disabled | 3rd party | +| kubeflow                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party                      | 
-| kubevirt | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (KubeVirt) | +| kubevirt                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (KubeVirt)           | 
-| logviewer | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (unknown) | +| logviewer                   | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            | 
-| metallb | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (MetalLB) | +| metallb                     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (MetalLB)            | 
-| metrics-server | minikube | enabled ✅ | Kubernetes | +| metrics-server              | minikube | enabled ✅   | Kubernetes                     | 
-| nvidia-device-plugin | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (NVIDIA) | +| nvidia-device-plugin        | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (NVIDIA)             | 
-| nvidia-driver-installer | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (NVIDIA) | +| nvidia-driver-installer     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (NVIDIA)             | 
-| nvidia-gpu-device-plugin | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (NVIDIA) | +| nvidia-gpu-device-plugin    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (NVIDIA)             | 
-| olm | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Operator Framework) | +| olm                         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Operator Framework) | 
-| pod-security-policy | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (unknown) | +| pod-security-policy         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            | 
-| portainer | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Portainer.io) | +| portainer                   | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Portainer.io)       | 
-| registry | minikube | disabled | minikube | +| registry                    | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       | 
-| registry-aliases | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (unknown) | +| registry-aliases            | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            | 
-| registry-creds | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (UPMC Enterprises) | +| registry-creds              | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (UPMC Enterprises)   | 
-| storage-provisioner | minikube | enabled ✅ | minikube | +| storage-provisioner         | minikube | enabled ✅   | minikube                       | 
-| storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Gluster) | +| storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Gluster)            | 
-| storage-provisioner-rancher | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Rancher) | +| storage-provisioner-rancher | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Rancher)            | 
-| volcano | minikube | disabled | third-party (volcano) | +| volcano                     | minikube | disabled     | third-party (volcano)          | 
-| volumesnapshots | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes | +| volumesnapshots             | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     | 
-| yakd | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (marcnuri.com) |+| yakd                        | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (marcnuri.com)       |
 |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------| |-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
 </code> </code>
  
-====2.7 - The minikube dashboard command====+====2.7 - The minikube dashboard addon====
  
 Activate the **dashboard** module: Activate the **dashboard** module:
Ligne 1200: Ligne 1199:
 <code> <code>
 trainee@gateway:~$ minikube addons enable dashboard trainee@gateway:~$ minikube addons enable dashboard
-💡 dashboard is an addon maintained by Kubernetes. For any concerns contact minikube on GitHub.+💡  dashboard is an addon maintained by Kubernetes. For any concerns contact minikube on GitHub.
 You can view the list of minikube maintainers at: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/blob/master/OWNERS You can view the list of minikube maintainers at: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/blob/master/OWNERS
-▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0 +    ▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0 
-▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8 +    ▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8 
-💡 Some dashboard features require the metrics-server addon. To enable all features please run:+💡  Some dashboard features require the metrics-server addon. To enable all features please run:
  
-minikube addons enable metrics-server+        minikube addons enable metrics-server
  
-🌟 The 'dashboard' addon is enabled+🌟  The 'dashboard' addon is enabled
 </code> </code>
  
 Connect to your Gateway GUI. Connect to your Gateway GUI.
  
-Minikube includes the **Kubernetes Dashboard** application. Run the **minikube dashboard** command in a graphical terminal. The Firefox browser will be launched, giving you access to Kubernetes Dashboard.+Run the **minikube dashboard** command in a graphical terminal. The Firefox browser will be launched, giving you access to Kubernetes Dashboard.
  
 Return to the SSH connection window. Return to the SSH connection window.
Ligne 1238: Ligne 1237:
 <code> <code>
 trainee@kubemaster:~$ su - trainee@kubemaster:~$ su -
-Password : +Mot de passe : 
 root@kubemaster:~# kubectl get nodes root@kubemaster:~# kubectl get nodes
-NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION +NAME                        STATUS   ROLES           AGE    VERSION 
-kubemaster.ittraining.loc Ready control-plane 4h1m v1.24.2 +kubemaster.ittraining.loc   Ready    control-plane   4h1m   v1.24.2 
-kubenode1.ittraining.loc Ready <none> 57m v1.24.2 +kubenode1.ittraining.loc    Ready    <none>          57m    v1.24.2 
-kubenode2.ittraining.loc Ready <none> 54m v1.24.2+kubenode2.ittraining.loc    Ready    <none>          54m    v1.24.2
 </code> </code>
  
Ligne 1250: Ligne 1249:
 <code> <code>
 root@kubemaster:~# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces root@kubemaster:~# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
-NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE +NAMESPACE     NAME                                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE 
-kube-system calico-kube-controllers-bc5cbc89f-rpbsc 1/1 Running 0 65m +kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-bc5cbc89f-rpbsc             1/1     Running   0              65m 
-kube-system calico-node-9qwnr 1/1 Running 0 65m +kube-system   calico-node-9qwnr                                   1/1     Running   0              65m 
-kube-system calico-node-rrkkk 1/1 Running 0 51m +kube-system   calico-node-rrkkk                                   1/1     Running   0              51m 
-kube-system calico-node-szmcq 1/1 Running 0 53m +kube-system   calico-node-szmcq                                   1/1     Running   0              53m 
-kube-system coredns-6d4b75cb6d-btmcw 1/1 Running 0 67m +kube-system   coredns-6d4b75cb6d-btmcw                            1/1     Running   0              67m 
-kube-system coredns-6d4b75cb6d-m6mpc 1/1 Running 0 67m +kube-system   coredns-6d4b75cb6d-m6mpc                            1/1     Running   0              67m 
-kube-system etcd-kubemaster.ittraining.loc 1/1 Running 3 (63m ago) 67m +kube-system   etcd-kubemaster.ittraining.loc                      1/1     Running   3 (63m ago)    67m 
-kube-system kube-apiserver-kubemaster.ittraining.loc 1/1 Running 5 (62m ago) 67m +kube-system   kube-apiserver-kubemaster.ittraining.loc            1/1     Running   5 (62m ago)    67m 
-kube-system kube-controller-manager-kubemaster.ittraining.loc 1/1 Running 12 (57m ago) 67m +kube-system   kube-controller-manager-kubemaster.ittraining.loc   1/1     Running   12 (57m ago)   67m 
-kube-system kube-proxy-7z9hs 1/1 Running 0 53m +kube-system   kube-proxy-7z9hs                                    1/1     Running   0              53m 
-kube-system kube-proxy-k2q55 1/1 Running 0 67m +kube-system   kube-proxy-k2q55                                    1/1     Running   0              67m 
-kube-system kube-proxy-pcdj9 1/1 Running 0 51m +kube-system   kube-proxy-pcdj9                                    1/1     Running   0              51m 
-kube-system kube-scheduler-kubemaster.ittraining.loc 1/1 Running 13 (57m ago) 67m+kube-system   kube-scheduler-kubemaster.ittraining.loc            1/1     Running   13 (57m ago)   67m
 </code> </code>
  
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-Copyright © 2024 Hugh Norris.+Copyright © 2025 Hugh Norris.

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