Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
elearning:workbooks:debian:6:avance:l104 [2020/02/21 06:29] – créée admin | elearning:workbooks:debian:6:avance:l104 [2020/08/07 16:24] (Version actuelle) – admin | ||
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Ligne 3: | Ligne 3: | ||
Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | ||
- | ======LDF304 - Gestion du Noyau et des Quotas====== | + | ======LDF304 - Gestion du Système X et de l' |
- | =====Rôle du noyau===== | + | =====Contenu |
- | Le noyau ou //kernel// est la partie | + | * **LDF304 - Gestion |
+ | * X Window System | ||
+ | * Configuration | ||
+ | * Gestionnaire | ||
+ | * Toolkits | ||
+ | * Freedesktop | ||
+ | * Display Manager | ||
+ | * XDM, GDM et KDM | ||
+ | * LightDM | ||
+ | * X.orgX11 | ||
+ | * Présentation | ||
+ | * Démarrage et Arrêt | ||
+ | * Utilisation | ||
+ | * Configuration | ||
+ | * La Section ServerFlags | ||
+ | * La Section ServerLayout | ||
+ | * La Section Files | ||
+ | * La Section Modules | ||
+ | * La Section InputDevice | ||
+ | * La Section Monitor | ||
+ | * La Section Device | ||
+ | * La Section Screen | ||
+ | * La Commande xwininfo | ||
+ | * La Commande xdpyinfo | ||
+ | * L' | ||
+ | * Le Clavier et la Souris | ||
+ | * Claviers Visuels | ||
+ | * L' | ||
+ | * Autres Technologies | ||
- | * la diminution de la taille du noyau, | + | =====X Window System===== |
- | * la prise en charge de nouveau matériel, | + | |
- | * l' | + | |
- | * l' | + | |
- | * la correction de bogues, | + | |
- | * le besoin d'une fonctionnalité expérimentale. | + | |
- | Commencez par identifier le noyau utilisé par votre machine | + | L' |
- | < | + | * Fenêtres, |
- | root@debian8: | + | * Boutons, |
- | 3.16.0-4-amd64 | + | * Menus, |
- | </ | + | * Curseur de souris, |
+ | * etc. | ||
- | Dans le cas d'une utilisation courante de Linux, il est cependant préférable de faire appel aux **modules**. Les modules se trouvent dans le répertoire **/ | + | **X** est une application client/ |
- | < | + | Il existe trois versions de X : |
- | root@debian8:~# ls / | + | |
- | kernel | + | |
- | modules.alias | + | |
- | modules.alias.bin | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Les commandes pour manipuler | + | * **[[http:// |
+ | * un logiciel libre utilisé par la majorité des distributions jusqu' | ||
+ | * **[[http:// | ||
+ | * un logiciel libre utilisé depuis | ||
+ | * **[[http:// | ||
+ | * un logiciel commercial édité par la société **Xi Graphics** possedant sa propre base de pilotes graphiques. | ||
- | * insmod | + | ====Configuration==== |
- | * rmmod | + | |
- | * lsmod | + | |
- | * modprobe | + | |
- | Par exemple | + | IL existe plusieurs outils pour configurer le serveur X : |
- | < | + | * **XFree86 configure** est la commande utilisé pour configurer un serveur X basé sur XFree86 4.x. Cette commande produit le fichier **/root/ |
- | root@debian8:~# lsmod | + | |
- | Module | + | |
- | cfg80211 | + | |
- | rfkill | + | |
- | nfsd 263032 | + | |
- | auth_rpcgss | + | |
- | oid_registry | + | |
- | nfs_acl | + | |
- | nfs | + | |
- | lockd 83389 2 nfs,nfsd | + | |
- | fscache | + | |
- | sunrpc | + | |
- | crc32_pclmul | + | |
- | aesni_intel | + | |
- | joydev | + | |
- | aes_x86_64 | + | |
- | lrw 12757 1 aesni_intel | + | |
- | gf128mul | + | |
- | glue_helper | + | |
- | i2c_piix4 | + | |
- | ablk_helper | + | |
- | cryptd | + | |
- | ppdev 16782 0 | + | |
- | i2c_core | + | |
- | serio_raw | + | |
- | evdev 17445 7 | + | |
- | pcspkr | + | |
- | parport_pc | + | |
- | snd_intel8x0 | + | |
- | snd_ac97_codec | + | |
- | snd_pcm | + | |
- | snd_timer | + | |
- | snd 65244 4 snd_ac97_codec, | + | |
- | ac | + | |
- | soundcore | + | |
- | video 18096 0 | + | |
- | battery | + | |
- | ac97_bus | + | |
- | parport | + | |
- | button | + | |
- | processor | + | |
- | thermal_sys | + | |
- | fuse | + | |
- | autofs4 | + | |
- | ext4 473801 | + | |
- | crc16 12343 1 ext4 | + | |
- | mbcache | + | |
- | jbd2 | + | |
- | hid_generic | + | |
- | usbhid | + | |
- | hid | + | |
- | sr_mod | + | |
- | cdrom 47424 1 sr_mod | + | |
- | ohci_pci | + | |
- | sg | + | |
- | sd_mod | + | |
- | crc_t10dif | + | |
- | crct10dif_generic | + | |
- | ata_generic | + | |
- | ohci_hcd | + | |
- | ehci_pci | + | |
- | ehci_hcd | + | |
- | ata_piix | + | |
- | e1000 | + | |
- | ahci | + | |
- | libahci | + | |
- | crct10dif_pclmul | + | |
- | crct10dif_common | + | |
- | usbcore | + | |
- | usb_common | + | |
- | crc32c_intel | + | |
- | libata | + | |
- | scsi_mod | + | |
- | psmouse | + | |
- | </code> | + | |
- | Pour ajouter un module, on peut utiliser la commande | + | <WRAP center round important> |
+ | **Important** : Ces deux commandes doivent être utilisées quand le serveur X est arrêté. | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Deux outils qui ne bénéficient plus de support sont **xf86cfg** et **xorgcfg** sont parfois présents dans la distribution et peuvent être utilisés pour configurer le serveur X. |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | Module | + | |
- | bonding | + | |
- | cfg80211 | + | |
- | rfkill | + | |
- | nfsd 263032 | + | |
- | auth_rpcgss | + | |
- | oid_registry | + | |
- | nfs_acl | + | |
- | nfs | + | |
- | lockd 83389 2 nfs,nfsd | + | |
- | fscache | + | |
- | sunrpc | + | |
- | crc32_pclmul | + | |
- | aesni_intel | + | |
- | joydev | + | |
- | aes_x86_64 | + | |
- | lrw 12757 1 aesni_intel | + | |
- | gf128mul | + | |
- | glue_helper | + | |
- | i2c_piix4 | + | |
- | ablk_helper | + | |
- | cryptd | + | |
- | ppdev 16782 0 | + | |
- | --More-- | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Pour supprimer un module, on peut utiliser la commande **rmmod** ou **modprobe -r**. Cette dernière essaie de supprimer les dépendances non-utilisées | + | Dernièrement il existe des outils spécifiques à une distribution |
- | < | + | * Red Hat, CentOS, Fedora : **system-config-display**. |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | Module | + | |
- | cfg80211 | + | |
- | rfkill | + | |
- | nfsd 263032 | + | |
- | auth_rpcgss | + | |
- | oid_registry | + | |
- | nfs_acl | + | |
- | nfs | + | |
- | lockd 83389 2 nfs,nfsd | + | |
- | fscache | + | |
- | sunrpc | + | |
- | crc32_pclmul | + | |
- | aesni_intel | + | |
- | joydev | + | |
- | aes_x86_64 | + | |
- | lrw 12757 1 aesni_intel | + | |
- | gf128mul | + | |
- | glue_helper | + | |
- | i2c_piix4 | + | |
- | ablk_helper | + | |
- | cryptd | + | |
- | ppdev 16782 0 | + | |
- | i2c_core | + | |
- | --More-- | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Les dépendances des modules sont résolues par la commande | + | <WRAP center round important> |
+ | **Important** : Les outils disponibles pour le serveur XFree86 version 3.3.6 et antérieure était | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Les fichiers de configuration de chaque serveur X sont : |
- | root@debian8:~# more / | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | w.ko kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | 6_64.ko kernel/ | + | |
- | o kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | o/ | + | |
- | x86/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | el/ | + | |
- | | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | kernel/ | + | |
- | --More--(0%) | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Il est possible d' | + | |
+ | * **/ | ||
+ | * **[[http:// | ||
+ | * **/ | ||
+ | * **[[http:// | ||
+ | * **/ | ||
- | < | + | =====Gestionnaire de Fenêtres===== |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | filename: | + | |
- | author: | + | |
- | description: | + | |
- | version: | + | |
- | license: | + | |
- | alias: | + | |
- | srcversion: | + | |
- | depends: | + | |
- | intree: | + | |
- | vermagic: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | parm: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Dernièrement, | + | **X** ne doit être confondue avec un **Gestionnaire de Fenêtres** (//Window Manager//). Le Gestionnaire de Fenêtres est responsable de la mise en page des élements fournis pas **X**. C' |
- | < | + | * KDE, |
- | root@debian8: | + | * GNOME, |
- | fbdev-blacklist.conf | + | |
+ | * IceWM, | ||
+ | * Rvwm, | ||
+ | * CDE, | ||
+ | * WindowMaker, | ||
+ | * Enlightenment, | ||
+ | * Xfce, | ||
+ | * Afterstep | ||
+ | * Compiz Fusion, | ||
+ | * Fluxbox, | ||
+ | * Openbox, | ||
+ | * Metacity, | ||
+ | * Blackbox, | ||
+ | * Ion, | ||
+ | * Wmii, | ||
+ | * etc. | ||
- | root@debian8:~# cat / | + | Les Gestionnaires les plus connus sont : |
- | # This file blacklists most old-style PCI framebuffer drivers. | + | |
- | blacklist arkfb | + | * **KDE** (//Kool Desktop Environment// |
- | blacklist aty128fb | + | * **GNOME** (//Gnu Network Object Model Environment/ |
- | blacklist atyfb | + | |
- | blacklist radeonfb | + | |
- | blacklist cirrusfb | + | |
- | blacklist cyber2000fb | + | |
- | blacklist kyrofb | + | |
- | blacklist matroxfb_base | + | |
- | blacklist mb862xxfb | + | |
- | blacklist neofb | + | |
- | blacklist pm2fb | + | |
- | blacklist pm3fb | + | |
- | blacklist s3fb | + | |
- | blacklist savagefb | + | |
- | blacklist sisfb | + | |
- | blacklist tdfxfb | + | |
- | blacklist tridentfb | + | |
- | blacklist vt8623fb | + | |
- | </code> | + | |
- | =====Compilation et installation du noyau et des modules===== | + | =====Toolkits===== |
- | Commencez par installer | + | Chaque Gestionnaire utilise une bibliothèque graphique contenant des fonctions " |
- | < | + | Une bibliothèque complète est appelée un **Widget Toolkit**. Le Toolkit le plus connu est **MOTIF**. Cependant **MOTIF** n'est pas libre. Pour cette raison les développeurs de Linux ont du concevoir des Toolkits ayant une licence libre. |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | Comme dans beaucoup de cas de développement sous Linux, il existe plusieurs Toolkits dont les deux les plus connus sont : |
- | Reading package lists... Done | + | |
- | Building dependency tree | + | |
- | Reading state information... Done | + | |
- | Note, selecting ' | + | |
- | The following extra packages will be installed: | + | |
- | autopoint binutils dblatex docbook-dsssl docbook-utils docbook-xsl fonts-lmodern fonts-texgyre g++ g++-4.9 gcc gcc-4.9 gettext intltool-debian jadetex kernel-common | + | |
- | libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan1 libasprintf-dev libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl | + | |
- | libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libfile-homedir-perl libfile-which-perl libgcc-4.9-dev libgettextpo-dev libgettextpo0 libitm1 liblsan0 libmail-sendmail-perl | + | |
- | libosp5 libostyle1c2 libpoppler-qt4-4 libpotrace0 libptexenc1 libruby2.1 libsgmls-perl libsp1c2 libstdc++-4.9-dev libsynctex1 libsys-hostname-long-perl libtcl8.6 | + | |
- | libtinfo-dev libtk8.6 libtsan0 libubsan0 libunistring0 libxml2-utils libxss1 libyaml-0-2 libyaml-tiny-perl libzzip-0-13 linux-libc-dev lmodern make manpages-dev | + | |
- | openjade po-debconf prerex preview-latex-style prosper ps2eps ruby ruby2.1 rubygems-integration sgmlspl sp tcl tcl8.6 tex-common tex-gyre texlive texlive-base | + | |
- | texlive-bibtex-extra texlive-binaries texlive-extra-utils texlive-font-utils texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-recommended-doc texlive-generic-recommended | + | |
- | texlive-latex-base texlive-latex-base-doc texlive-latex-extra texlive-latex-extra-doc texlive-latex-recommended texlive-latex-recommended-doc texlive-math-extra | + | |
- | texlive-pictures texlive-pictures-doc texlive-pstricks texlive-pstricks-doc tipa tk tk8.6 vprerex xmlto xsltproc zip | + | |
- | Suggested packages: | + | |
- | binutils-doc docbook graphicsmagick-imagemagick-compat imagemagick latex-cjk-all opensp texlive-lang-all texlive-lang-cyrillic texlive-xetex transfig dh-make | + | |
- | docbook-dsssl-doc dbtoepub docbook-xsl-doc-html docbook-xsl-doc-pdf docbook-xsl-doc-text docbook-xsl-doc docbook-xsl-saxon fop libsaxon-java libxalan2-java | + | |
- | libxslthl-java xalan debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-4.9-multilib gcc-4.9-doc libstdc++6-4.9-dbg gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc | + | |
- | gcc-4.9-multilib gcc-4.9-locales libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan1-dbg liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg | + | |
- | libquadmath0-dbg gettext-doc linux-source libncurses-dev glibc-doc ncurses-doc sgmls-doc libstdc++-4.9-doc make-doc doc-base libmail-box-perl ri ruby-dev bundler | + | |
- | tcl-tclreadline perl-tk latexdiff latexmk dvidvi fragmaster lacheck purifyeps xindy chktex dvipng psutils t1utils libtcltk-ruby dot2tex xmltex | + | |
- | Recommended packages: | + | |
- | uboot-mkimage wish | + | |
- | The following NEW packages will be installed: | + | |
- | autopoint binutils build-essential dblatex debconf-utils debhelper docbook-dsssl docbook-utils docbook-xsl dpkg-dev fakeroot fonts-lmodern fonts-texgyre g++ g++-4.9 | + | |
- | gcc gcc-4.9 gettext intltool-debian jadetex kernel-common kernel-package libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan1 | + | |
- | libasprintf-dev libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libfile-homedir-perl libfile-which-perl libgcc-4.9-dev | + | |
- | libgettextpo-dev libgettextpo0 libitm1 liblsan0 libmail-sendmail-perl libncurses5-dev libosp5 libostyle1c2 libpoppler-qt4-4 libpotrace0 libptexenc1 libruby2.1 | + | |
- | libsgmls-perl libsp1c2 libstdc++-4.9-dev libsynctex1 libsys-hostname-long-perl libtcl8.6 libtinfo-dev libtk8.6 libtsan0 libubsan0 libunistring0 libxml2-utils | + | |
- | libxss1 libyaml-0-2 libyaml-tiny-perl libzzip-0-13 linux-libc-dev lmodern make manpages-dev openjade po-debconf prerex preview-latex-style prosper ps2eps ruby | + | |
- | ruby2.1 rubygems-integration sgmlspl sp tcl tcl8.6 tex-common tex-gyre texlive texlive-base texlive-bibtex-extra texlive-binaries texlive-extra-utils | + | |
- | texlive-font-utils texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-recommended-doc texlive-generic-recommended texlive-latex-base texlive-latex-base-doc texlive-latex-extra | + | |
- | texlive-latex-extra-doc texlive-latex-recommended texlive-latex-recommended-doc texlive-math-extra texlive-pictures texlive-pictures-doc texlive-pstricks | + | |
- | texlive-pstricks-doc tipa tk tk8.6 vprerex xmlto xsltproc zip | + | |
- | 0 upgraded, 111 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. | + | |
- | Need to get 793 MB of archives. | + | |
- | After this operation, 1,343 MB of additional disk space will be used. | + | |
- | Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y | + | |
- | ... | + | |
- | root@debian8:~# apt-get upgrade | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | <WRAP center round alert> | + | |
- | **Important** - Il n'est pas conseillé de compiler | + | * **QT** (//Cute//), programé en langage C++ et embarqué par défaut dans le Gestionnaire de Fenêtres **KDE**. |
- | </WRAP> | + | |
- | Ajoutez l' | + | =====Freedesktop===== |
- | < | + | Afin d' |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | src:x:40: | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | Adding user trainee to group src | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | src: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | ====Déplacer /home==== | + | =====Display Manager===== |
- | <WRAP center round todo> | + | Le **Display Manager** est chargé |
- | **A Faire** - Arrêtez votre machine virtuelle. Ajoutez un deuxième disque | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Créez une seule partition sur **/dev/sdb** : | + | Pour les connexions à distance le Display Manager utilise le protocole |
- | < | + | ====XDM, GDM et KDM==== |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.25.2). | + | Le Display Manager par défaut, compatible avec tous les serveurs **X**, est **XDM**. Les deux autres Display Managers les plus connus sont : |
- | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. | + | |
- | Be careful before using the write command. | + | |
- | Device does not contain a recognized partition table. | + | * **GDM** pour GNOME, |
- | Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5b6171fe. | + | * **KDM** pour KDE, |
+ | * **LightDM** de Canonical. | ||
- | Command (m for help): n | + | Les deux premiers sont essentiellement des XDM avec des fonctionnalités supplémentaires telles |
- | Partition type | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | Select (default p): p | + | |
- | Partition number (1-4, default 1): | + | |
- | First sector (2048-41943039, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' | + | * le passage d'un utilisateur à un autre, |
+ | * la liste des utilisateurs, | ||
+ | * le choix d'un gestionnaire de fenêtres, | ||
+ | * la possibilité d'une autoconnexion, | ||
+ | * la liste des serveurs **X** distants, | ||
+ | * etc. | ||
- | Command (m for help): w | + | ====LightDM==== |
- | The partition table has been altered. | + | |
- | Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. | + | |
- | Syncing disks. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Créez maintenant | + | LightDM est un gestionnaire d' |
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | * Support de Toolkits Gtk et Qt | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le fichier de configuration de LightDM est **/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf** : | ||
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014) | + | # |
- | Creating filesystem with 5242624 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes | + | # General configuration |
- | Filesystem UUID: 6e4ea901-a36d-4b3f-bbbf-eeea866fca40 | + | # |
- | Superblock backups stored | + | # start-default-seat = True to always start one seat if none are defined in the configuration |
- | 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, | + | # greeter-user = User to run greeter as |
- | 4096000 | + | # minimum-display-number = Minimum display number to use for X servers |
+ | # minimum-vt = First VT to run displays on | ||
+ | # lock-memory = True to prevent memory from being paged to disk | ||
+ | # user-authority-in-system-dir = True if session authority should be in the system location | ||
+ | # guest-account-script = Script to be run to setup guest account | ||
+ | # logind-load-seats = True to automatically set up multi-seat configuration from logind | ||
+ | # logind-check-graphical = True to on start seats that are marked as graphical by logind | ||
+ | # log-directory = Directory to log information to | ||
+ | # run-directory = Directory to put running state in | ||
+ | # cache-directory = Directory to cache to | ||
+ | # sessions-directory = Directory to find sessions | ||
+ | # remote-sessions-directory = Directory to find remote sessions | ||
+ | # greeters-directory = Directory to find greeters | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | [LightDM] | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
- | Allocating group tables: done | + | # |
- | Writing inode tables: done | + | # Seat defaults |
- | Creating journal | + | # |
- | Writing superblocks | + | # type = Seat type (xlocal, xremote) |
- | </code> | + | # xdg-seat = Seat name to set pam_systemd XDG_SEAT variable |
+ | # pam-service = PAM service to use for login | ||
+ | # pam-autologin-service = PAM service to use for autologin | ||
+ | # pam-greeter-service = PAM service to use for greeters | ||
+ | # xserver-command = X server command to run (can also contain arguments e.g. X -special-option) | ||
+ | # xserver-layout = Layout to pass to X server | ||
+ | # xserver-config = Config file to pass to X server | ||
+ | # xserver-allow-tcp = True if TCP/IP connections are allowed to this X server | ||
+ | # xserver-share = True if the X server is shared for both greeter and session | ||
+ | # xserver-hostname = Hostname of X server (only for type=xremote) | ||
+ | # xserver-display-number = Display number of X server (only for type=xremote) | ||
+ | # xdmcp-manager = XDMCP manager to connect to (implies xserver-allow-tcp=true) | ||
+ | # xdmcp-port = XDMCP UDP/IP port to communicate on | ||
+ | # xdmcp-key = Authentication key to use for XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1 (stored in keys.conf) | ||
+ | # unity-compositor-command = Unity compositor command to run (can also contain arguments e.g. unity-system-compositor -special-option) | ||
+ | # unity-compositor-timeout = Number of seconds to wait for compositor to start | ||
+ | # greeter-session = Session to load for greeter | ||
+ | # greeter-hide-users = True to hide the user list | ||
+ | # greeter-allow-guest = True if the greeter should show a guest login option | ||
+ | # greeter-show-manual-login = True if the greeter should offer a manual login option | ||
+ | # greeter-show-remote-login = True if the greeter should offer a remote login option | ||
+ | # user-session = Session to load for users | ||
+ | # allow-user-switching = True if allowed to switch users | ||
+ | # allow-guest = True if guest login is allowed | ||
+ | # guest-session = Session to load for guests (overrides user-session) | ||
+ | # session-wrapper = Wrapper script to run session with | ||
+ | # greeter-wrapper = Wrapper script to run greeter with | ||
+ | # guest-wrapper = Wrapper script to run guest sessions with | ||
+ | # display-setup-script = Script to run when starting a greeter session (runs as root) | ||
+ | # display-stopped-script = Script to run after stopping the display server (runs as root) | ||
+ | # greeter-setup-script = Script to run when starting a greeter (runs as root) | ||
+ | # session-setup-script = Script to run when starting a user session (runs as root) | ||
+ | # session-cleanup-script = Script to run when quitting a user session (runs as root) | ||
+ | # autologin-guest = True to log in as guest by default | ||
+ | # autologin-user = User to log in with by default (overrides autologin-guest) | ||
+ | # autologin-user-timeout = Number of seconds to wait before loading default user | ||
+ | # autologin-session = Session to load for automatic login (overrides user-session) | ||
+ | # autologin-in-background = True if autologin session should not be immediately activated | ||
+ | # exit-on-failure = True if the daemon should exit if this seat fails | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | [SeatDefaults] | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
- | <WRAP center round todo> | + | # |
- | **A Faire** - Déconnectez-vous en ssh. Connectez-vous directement en tant que root dans la fenetre de VirtualBox. | + | # Seat configuration |
- | </ | + | # |
+ | # Each seat must start with " | ||
+ | # Uses settings from [SeatDefaults], | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | #[Seat:0] | ||
- | Montez **/dev/sdb1** sur /mnt : | + | # |
+ | # XDMCP Server configuration | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # enabled = True if XDMCP connections should be allowed | ||
+ | # port = UDP/IP port to listen for connections on | ||
+ | # key = Authentication key to use for XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1 or blank to not use authentication (stored in keys.conf) | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # The authentication key is a 56 bit DES key specified in hex as 0xnnnnnnnnnnnnnn. | ||
+ | # it can be a word and the first 7 characters are used as the key. | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | [XDMCPServer] | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | #port=177 | ||
+ | #key= | ||
- | < | + | # |
- | root@debian8: | + | # VNC Server configuration |
+ | # | ||
+ | # enabled = True if VNC connections should be allowed | ||
+ | # command = Command to run Xvnc server with | ||
+ | # port = TCP/IP port to listen for connections on | ||
+ | # width = Width of display to use | ||
+ | # height = Height of display to use | ||
+ | # depth = Color depth of display to use | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | [VNCServer] | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | #depth=8 | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Copiez le contenu | + | La configuration |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
+ | # | ||
+ | # background = Background file to use, either an image path or a color (e.g. #772953) | ||
+ | # theme-name = GTK+ theme to use | ||
+ | # icon-theme-name = Icon theme to use | ||
+ | # font-name = Font to use | ||
+ | # xft-antialias = Whether to antialias Xft fonts (true or false) | ||
+ | # xft-dpi = Resolution for Xft in dots per inch (e.g. 96) | ||
+ | # xft-hintstyle = What degree of hinting to use (none, slight, medium, or hintfull) | ||
+ | # xft-rgba = Type of subpixel antialiasing (none, rgb, bgr, vrgb or vbgr) | ||
+ | # show-indicators = semi-colon ";" | ||
+ | # show-clock (true or false) | ||
+ | # clock-format = strftime-format string, e.g. %H:%M | ||
+ | # keyboard = command to launch on-screen keyboard | ||
+ | # position = main window position: x y | ||
+ | # default-user-image = Image used as default user icon, path or # | ||
+ | # screensaver-timeout = Timeout (in seconds) until the screen blanks when the greeter is called as lockscreen | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | [greeter] | ||
+ | background=/usr/share/images/ | ||
+ | theme-name=Adwaita | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | xft-antialias=true | ||
+ | #xft-dpi= | ||
+ | xft-hintstyle=hintfull | ||
+ | xft-rgba=rgb | ||
+ | show-indicators=~language; | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
+ | # | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Démontez | + | Notez que l' |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | root@debian8:~# mv /home /root | + | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Oct 23 16:36 /usr/share/images/ |
- | </code> | + | |
- | Identifiez l'UUID de /dev/sdb1 : | + | root@debian8: |
- | + | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 60 Oct 23 16:34 / | |
- | < | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Aug 13 12:26 6e4ea901-a36d-4b3f-bbbf-eeea866fca40 -> ../../sdb1 | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | Editez le fichier **/ | + | =====X.orgX11===== |
- | <file txt / | + | ====Présentation==== |
- | # /etc/fstab: static file system information. | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # Use ' | + | |
- | # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices | + | |
- | # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # <file system> <mount point> | + | |
- | # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation | + | |
- | UUID=4a230056-285f-42f4-bfe0-5a73dbc5b745 / | + | |
- | # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation | + | |
- | UUID=da5a77e9-344d-42aa-aed6-a38d381ba436 none swap sw 0 0 | + | |
- | UUID=6e4ea901-a36d-4b3f-bbbf-eeea866fca40 / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Créez le point de montage | + | L' |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
+ | Xorg: /usr/ | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Montez | + | Les modules de **X.orgX11** sont installés par défaut dans **/usr/lib/xorg/** ou dans **/ |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | root@debian8: | + | /usr/lib/xorg: |
- | sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw, | + | total 36 |
- | proc on /proc type proc (rw, | + | drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Oct 23 16:35 modules |
- | udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw, | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31614 Feb 11 2015 protocol.txt |
- | devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw, | + | |
- | tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw, | + | |
- | /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw, | + | |
- | securityfs on / | + | |
- | tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw, | + | |
- | tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw, | + | |
- | tmpfs on / | + | |
- | cgroup on / | + | |
- | pstore on / | + | |
- | cgroup on / | + | |
- | cgroup on / | + | |
- | cgroup on / | + | |
- | cgroup on / | + | |
- | cgroup on / | + | |
- | cgroup on / | + | |
- | cgroup on / | + | |
- | systemd-1 on / | + | |
- | debugfs on / | + | |
- | mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw, | + | |
- | hugetlbfs on / | + | |
- | fusectl on / | + | |
- | rpc_pipefs on / | + | |
- | tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw, | + | |
- | tmpfs on / | + | |
- | /dev/sdb1 on /home type ext4 (rw, | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Notez la taille de /home : | + | /usr/ |
+ | total 1072 | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 2 13:58 drivers | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 23 16:35 extensions | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 23 16:35 input | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104144 Feb 11 2015 libexa.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17920 Feb 11 2015 libfbdevhw.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 153600 Feb 11 2015 libfb.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 305920 Feb 11 2015 libglamoregl.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 175932 Feb 11 2015 libint10.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5568 Feb 11 2015 libshadowfb.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34272 Feb 11 2015 libshadow.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26192 Feb 11 2015 libvbe.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31036 Feb 11 2015 libvgahw.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 206848 Feb 11 2015 libwfb.so | ||
+ | drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 23 16:35 multimedia | ||
- | < | + | / |
- | root@debian8:~# df -h | + | total 4336 |
- | Filesystem | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5600 Oct 5 2014 ati_drv.so |
- | / | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31144 Jul 8 2014 cirrus_alpine.so |
- | udev | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14572 Jul 8 2014 cirrus_drv.so |
- | tmpfs 99M 4.8M | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25800 Jul 8 2014 cirrus_laguna.so |
- | tmpfs | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19232 Jul 8 2014 fbdev_drv.so |
- | tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 260104 Jan 17 2015 geode_drv.so |
- | tmpfs | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1513528 Jul 8 2014 intel_drv.so |
- | tmpfs 50M | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 187008 Oct 7 2014 mach64_drv.so |
- | tmpfs 50M | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144956 Jul 8 2014 mga_drv.so |
- | /dev/sdb1 20G | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root |
- | </ | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root |
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 225736 Sep 6 2014 nouveau_drv.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 370860 Jul 8 2014 openchrome_drv.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184012 Jul 8 2014 qxl_drv.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 107708 Jul 8 2014 r128_drv.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 432540 Oct | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 114232 Jul 8 2014 siliconmotion_drv.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 135256 Jul 8 2014 trident_drv.so | ||
+ | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63 Nov 2 13:58 vboxvideo_drv.so -> /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/VBoxGuestAdditions/vboxvideo_drv_116.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26868 Jan 17 2015 ztv_drv.so | ||
- | <WRAP center round todo> | + | / |
- | **A Faire** | + | total 308 |
- | </ | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 311452 Feb 11 2015 libglx.so |
- | ====Télécharger le Code Source du Noyau==== | + | / |
+ | total 312 | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63976 Aug 28 2014 evdev_drv.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48812 Oct 26 2014 mouse_drv.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72636 Sep 18 2014 synaptics_drv.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12976 Jul 8 2014 vmmouse_drv.so | ||
+ | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 111240 Oct 4 2014 wacom_drv.so | ||
- | Le code source est disponible sur le site **www.kernel.org** : | + | /usr/lib/xorg/modules/multimedia: |
- | + | total 88 | |
- | < | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13760 Feb 11 2015 bt829_drv.so |
- | trainee@debian8: | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13760 Feb 11 2015 fi1236_drv.so |
- | --2016-08-13 12:37:52-- | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13760 Feb 11 2015 msp3430_drv.so |
- | Resolving www.kernel.org (www.kernel.org)... 198.145.20.140, | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5568 Feb 11 2015 tda8425_drv.so |
- | Connecting to www.kernel.org (www.kernel.org)|198.145.20.140|: | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9664 Feb 11 2015 tda9850_drv.so |
- | HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found | + | -rw-r--r-- |
- | 2016-08-13 12:37:53 ERROR 404: Not Found. | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9664 Feb 11 2015 uda1380_drv.so |
- | + | ||
- | trainee@debian8: | + | |
- | --2016-08-13 12:39:37-- | + | |
- | Resolving www.kernel.org (www.kernel.org)... 198.145.20.140, | + | |
- | Connecting to www.kernel.org (www.kernel.org)|198.145.20.140|: | + | |
- | HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK | + | |
- | Length: 80487456 (77M) [application/ | + | |
- | Saving to: ‘linux-3.16.1.tar.xz’ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | linux-3.16.1.tar.xz | + | |
- | + | ||
- | 2016-08-13 12:40:15 (2.08 MB/s) - ‘linux-3.16.1.tar.xz’ saved [80487456/ | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | Désarchivez le tar.xz que vous avez téléchargé | + | Sous Debian 8 les paquets X.orgX11 installés peuvent être trouvés en utilisant la commande suivante |
< | < | ||
- | trainee@debian8:~$ tar xvJf linux-3.16.1.tar.xz | + | root@debian8:~# dpkg --get-selections | grep xorg |
+ | xorg install | ||
+ | xorg-docs-core install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-core install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-input-all install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-input-evdev install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-input-mouse install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-input-synaptics install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-input-wacom install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-all install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-ati install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-cirrus install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-fbdev install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-geode install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-intel install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-mach64 install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-mga install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-modesetting install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-neomagic install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-nouveau install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-openchrome install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-qxl install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-r128 install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-radeon install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-savage install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-sisusb install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-tdfx install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-trident install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-vesa install | ||
+ | xserver-xorg-video-vmware install | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Notez que l' | + | ====Démarrage et Arrêt==== |
- | < | + | Les distributions RHEL ont historiquement utilisés les niveaux d' |
- | trainee@debian8: | + | |
- | 634M ./linux-3.16.1 | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | ====Configurer le Noyau==== | + | ====Utilisation==== |
- | Le fichier **Makefile** contient le nom du noyau et spécifie les informations suivantes | + | Pour interagir avec et contrôler X.orgX11, un utilisateur dispose de plusieurs raccourcis claviers |
- | * VERSION, | + | ^ Raccourci |
- | * PATCHLEVEL, | + | | < |
- | * SUBLEVEL, | + | | < |
- | * EXTRAVERSION. | + | | < |
- | Les trois premières informations sont gérées par **kernel.org** et Linus Torvalds en personne tandis que l' | + | ====Configuration==== |
- | <code> | + | <WRAP center round important> |
- | trainee@debian8:~$ cat ./linux-3.16.1/Makefile | more | + | **Important** |
- | VERSION = 3 | + | </ |
- | PATCHLEVEL = 16 | + | |
- | SUBLEVEL = 1 | + | |
- | EXTRAVERSION = | + | |
- | NAME = Museum of Fishiegoodies | + | |
- | # *DOCUMENTATION* | + | Un fichier de configuration |
- | # To see a list of typical targets execute "make help" | + | |
- | # More info can be located in ./README | + | |
- | # Comments in this file are targeted only to the developer, do not | + | |
- | # expect to learn how to build the kernel reading this file. | + | |
- | # Do not: | + | < |
- | # o use make's built-in rules and variables | + | Section " |
- | # (this increases performance and avoids hard-to-debug behaviour); | + | |
- | # o print "Entering directory ..."; | + | |
- | MAKEFLAGS += -rR --no-print-directory | + | |
+ | EndSection | ||
- | # Avoid funny character set dependencies | + | Section " |
- | unexport LC_ALL | + | |
- | LC_COLLATE=C | + | |
- | LC_NUMERIC=C | + | |
- | export LC_COLLATE LC_NUMERIC | + | |
+ | EndSection | ||
- | # Avoid interference with shell env settings | + | Section " |
- | unexport GREP_OPTIONS | + | |
+ | Depth 24 | ||
+ | EndSubSection | ||
+ | Device | ||
+ | Identifier | ||
+ | Monitor | ||
+ | EndSection | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | # We are using a recursive build, so we need to do a little thinking | + | Des applications tierces peuvent déposer des fichiers de configuration qui leur sont propres dans le répertoire **/ |
- | # to get the ordering right. | + | |
- | # | + | < |
- | # Most importantly: | + | root@debian8: |
- | # their own directory. If in some directory we have a dependency on | + | total 20 |
- | # a file in another dir (which doesn' | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1099 Feb 11 2015 10-evdev.conf |
- | # unavoidable when linking the built-in.o targets which finally | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1350 Feb 11 2015 10-quirks.conf |
- | # turn into vmlinux), we will call a sub make in that other dir, and | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1753 Sep 18 2014 50-synaptics.conf |
- | # after that we are sure that everything which is in that other dir | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 Jul 8 2014 50-vmmouse.conf |
- | # is now up to date. | + | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1385 Oct 4 2014 50-wacom.conf |
- | # | + | |
- | # The only cases where we need to modify files which have global | + | |
- | --More-- | + | |
</ | </ | ||
<WRAP center round important> | <WRAP center round important> | ||
- | **Important** | + | **Important** |
</ | </ | ||
- | Utilisez maintenant la commande | + | Les fichiers de configuration contiennent des sections. Chaque section commence par une directive |
- | <code> | + | <file> |
- | trainee@debian8: | + | Section " |
- | Password: | + | ... |
- | root@debian8: | + | </file> |
- | root@debian8:/ | + | |
- | | + | |
- | HOSTCC | + | |
- | SHIPPED scripts/ | + | |
- | SHIPPED scripts/ | + | |
- | SHIPPED scripts/ | + | |
- | HOSTCC | + | |
- | In file included from scripts/ | + | |
- | scripts/ | + | |
- | scripts/ | + | |
- | | + | |
- | ^ | + | |
- | scripts/ | + | |
- | struct jump_key *jump; | + | |
- | ^ | + | |
- | HOSTLD | + | |
- | *** Default configuration is based on ' | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # configuration written to .config | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | </code> | + | |
- | Ce fichier est configuré | + | et se termine |
- | * make config | + | < |
- | * make menuconfig | + | ... |
- | * make xconfig | + | EndSection |
+ | </ | ||
- | Dans ce fichier, vous pouvez constater la présence de lignes | + | Dans chaque section se trouvent des lignes |
- | * **y** | + | < |
- | * la fonctionalité est incluse dans le noyau monolithique ou dans le cas d'une dépendance d'un module, dans le module concerné, | + | |
- | | + | </ |
- | * la fonctionalité est incluse en tant que module, | + | |
- | * **n** | + | |
- | * la fonctionalité n'est pas incluse. Cette option est rarement visible car dans bien les cas, la fonctionalité est simplement commentée dans le fichier lui-même. | + | |
- | <code> | + | <WRAP center round important> |
- | root@debian8:/ | + | **A faire** |
- | # | + | </WRAP> |
- | # Automatically generated file; DO NOT EDIT. | + | |
- | # Linux/x86 3.16.1 Kernel Configuration | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | CONFIG_64BIT=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_X86_64=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_X86=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_INSTRUCTION_DECODER=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT=" | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_DEFCONFIG=" | + | |
- | CONFIG_LOCKDEP_SUPPORT=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_HAVE_LATENCYTOP_SUPPORT=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_MMU=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_NEED_DMA_MAP_STATE=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_NEED_SG_DMA_LENGTH=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_GENERIC_ISA_DMA=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG_RELATIVE_POINTERS=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_GENERIC_HWEIGHT=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_MAY_HAVE_PC_FDC=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_RWSEM_XCHGADD_ALGORITHM=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_GENERIC_CALIBRATE_DELAY=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CPU_RELAX=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_HIBERNATION_POSSIBLE=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_SUSPEND_POSSIBLE=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_AUDIT_ARCH=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_OPTIMIZED_INLINING=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_HAVE_INTEL_TXT=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_X86_64_SMP=y | + | |
- | CONFIG_X86_HT=y | + | |
- | --More--(1%) | + | |
- | </code> | + | |
- | Dernièrement, | + | Certaines options sont des booléenes. Les valeurs admises sont : |
- | < | + | * **Vrai** |
- | root@debian8:/ | + | * **Faux** |
- | </ | + | |
- | ====La Commande make-kpkg==== | + | ===La Section ServerFlags=== |
- | Cette commande permet d' | + | Cette section optionnelle contient |
- | < | + | Un exemple de cette section est : |
- | root@debian8:/ | + | |
- | exec make kpkg_version=13.014+nmu1 -f / | + | |
- | ====== making target minimal_clean [new prereqs: ]====== | + | |
- | This is kernel package version 13.014+nmu1. | + | |
- | test ! -f .config || cp -pf .config config.precious | + | |
- | test ! -e stamp-building || rm -f stamp-building | + | |
- | test ! -f Makefile || \ | + | |
- | make ARCH=x86_64 distclean | + | |
- | make[1]: Entering directory '/ | + | |
- | CLEAN | + | |
- | CLEAN | + | |
- | CLEAN | + | |
- | CLEAN | + | |
- | make[1]: Leaving directory '/ | + | |
- | test ! -f config.precious || mv -f config.precious .config | + | |
- | rm -f modules/ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | ====Compiler le Noyau==== | + | < |
+ | Section " | ||
+ | Option " | ||
+ | EndSection | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | La compilation du noyau peut prendre beaucoup de temps. La commande utilisée est la suivante | + | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : |
- | <code> | + | ^ Directive |
- | root@debian8: | + | | " |
- | logout | + | | " |
- | trainee@debian8: | + | |
- | trainee@debian8: | + | |
- | </code> | + | |
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | ===La Section ServerLayout=== |
- | **Important** : La commande **fakeroot** simule l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | A l'issu du processus, vous obtiendrez une sortie | + | Cette section regroupe les informations concernant les périphériques en entrée et les périphériques en sortie. |
- | < | + | Un exemple de cette section est : |
- | ... | + | |
- | cp -pf debian/ | + | |
- | k=`find / | + | |
- | if file -b $i | egrep -q " | + | |
- | j="$j $i"; | + | |
- | | + | |
- | done; echo $j; )`; test -z " | + | |
- | echo "Elf Files: $K" > / | + | |
- | test -n " | + | |
- | test ! -e debian/ | + | |
- | dpkg-gencontrol -isp -DArchitecture=amd64 -plinux-headers-3.16.1i2tch \ | + | |
- | -P/ | + | |
- | dpkg-gencontrol: | + | |
- | create_md5sums_fn () { cd $1 ; find . -type f ! -regex ' | + | |
- | chown -R root: | + | |
- | chmod -R og=rX / | + | |
- | dpkg --build | + | |
- | dpkg-deb: building package `linux-headers-3.16.1i2tch' | + | |
- | cp -pf debian/ | + | |
- | make[2]: Leaving directory '/ | + | |
- | make[1]: Leaving directory '/ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Notez que la génération du nouveau noyau a consommé presque 1,2 Go d' | + | < |
+ | Section | ||
+ | Identifier | ||
+ | Screen | ||
+ | InputDevice | ||
+ | InputDevice | ||
+ | EndSection | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : |
- | trainee@debian8:~/ | + | |
- | Filesystem | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | udev | + | |
- | tmpfs 99M 4.8M | + | |
- | tmpfs | + | |
- | tmpfs | + | |
- | tmpfs | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | tmpfs 50M | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | ====Installer | + | ^ Directive |
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
- | Les paquets du nouveau noyau est les fichiers en-tête se trouvent dans le répertoire | + | <WRAP center round important> |
+ | **Important** : Le fichier de configuration peut contenir deux ou plusieurs sections ServerLayout. Seule la première sera prise en compte. | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | ===La Section Files=== |
- | trainee@debian8: | + | |
- | trainee@debian8: | + | |
- | Desktop | + | |
- | Documents | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Installez maintenant | + | Cette section regroupe |
- | < | + | Un exemple de cette section est : |
- | root@debian8:~# dpkg -i / | + | |
- | Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.16.1i2tch. | + | |
- | (Reading database ... 134500 files and directories currently installed.) | + | |
- | Preparing to unpack .../ | + | |
- | Unpacking linux-headers-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | + | |
- | Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.16.1i2tch. | + | |
- | Preparing to unpack .../ | + | |
- | Done. | + | |
- | Unpacking linux-image-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | + | |
- | Setting up linux-headers-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | + | |
- | Examining / | + | |
- | Setting up linux-image-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | + | |
- | Running depmod. | + | |
- | Examining / | + | |
- | run-parts: executing / | + | |
- | run-parts: executing / | + | |
- | update-initramfs: | + | |
- | run-parts: executing / | + | |
- | Generating grub configuration file ... | + | |
- | Found background image: / | + | |
- | Found linux image: / | + | |
- | Found initrd image: / | + | |
- | Found linux image: / | + | |
- | Found initrd image: / | + | |
- | done | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Constatez la création d'un nouveau grub.cfg : | + | < |
+ | Section " | ||
+ | RgbPath | ||
+ | FontPath | ||
+ | EndSection | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : |
- | root@debian8:~# grep 3.16.1 / | + | |
- | echo ' | + | |
- | linux / | + | |
- | initrd / | + | |
- | menuentry ' | + | |
- | echo ' | + | |
- | linux / | + | |
- | initrd / | + | |
- | menuentry ' | + | |
- | echo ' | + | |
- | linux / | + | |
- | initrd / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | ====Désinstallez | + | ^ Directive |
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
- | Re-démarrez votre VM en utilisant | + | Voici le fichier |
< | < | ||
- | Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent | + | root@debian8: |
- | permitted by applicable law. | + | ! $Xorg: rgb.txt,v 1.3 2000/08/17 19:54:00 cpqbld Exp $ |
- | You have new mail. | + | 255 250 250 snow |
- | Last login: Sat Aug 13 12:36:26 2016 from 10.0.2.2 | + | 248 248 255 ghost white |
- | trainee@debian8:~$ su - | + | 248 248 255 GhostWhite |
- | Password: | + | 245 245 245 white smoke |
- | root@debian8: | + | 245 245 245 WhiteSmoke |
+ | 220 220 220 gainsboro | ||
+ | 255 250 240 floral white | ||
+ | 255 250 240 FloralWhite | ||
+ | 253 245 230 old lace | ||
+ | 253 245 230 OldLace | ||
+ | 250 240 230 linen | ||
+ | 250 235 215 antique white | ||
+ | 250 235 215 AntiqueWhite | ||
+ | 255 239 213 papaya whip | ||
+ | 255 239 213 PapayaWhip | ||
+ | 255 235 205 blanched almond | ||
+ | 255 235 205 BlanchedAlmond | ||
+ | 255 228 196 bisque | ||
+ | 255 218 185 peach puff | ||
+ | 255 218 185 PeachPuff | ||
+ | 255 222 173 navajo white | ||
+ | 255 222 173 NavajoWhite | ||
+ | 255 228 181 moccasin | ||
+ | 255 248 220 cornsilk | ||
+ | 255 255 240 ivory | ||
+ | 255 250 205 lemon chiffon | ||
+ | 255 250 205 LemonChiffon | ||
+ | 255 245 238 seashell | ||
+ | 240 255 240 honeydew | ||
+ | 245 255 250 mint cream | ||
+ | --More--(4%) | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Lister maintenant les noyaux installés : | + | ===La Section Modules=== |
- | < | + | Par défaut le serveur X charge ses modules à partir du répertoire **/usr/ |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | linux-image-3.16.0-4-amd64 | + | |
- | linux-image-3.16.1i2tch | + | |
- | linux-image-amd64 | + | |
- | </code> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le noyau se désinstalle comme tout autre paquet | + | |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | Reading package lists... Done | + | drivers |
- | Building dependency tree | + | extensions |
- | Reading state information... Done | + | |
- | The following packages will be REMOVED: | + | |
- | linux-image-3.16.1i2tch* | + | |
- | 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 1 not upgraded. | + | |
- | After this operation, 9,251 kB disk space will be freed. | + | |
- | Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y | + | |
- | (Reading database ... 147056 files and directories currently installed.) | + | |
- | Removing linux-image-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | + | |
- | Examining / | + | |
- | Examining / | + | |
- | run-parts: executing / | + | |
- | update-initramfs: | + | |
- | run-parts: executing / | + | |
- | Generating grub configuration file ... | + | |
- | Found background image: | + | |
- | Found linux image: / | + | |
- | Found initrd image: / | + | |
- | done | + | |
- | Purging configuration files for linux-image-3.16.1i2tch (3.16.1i2tch-10.00.Custom) ... | + | |
- | Examining / | + | |
- | run-parts: executing / | + | |
- | run-parts: executing / | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | Vérifiez que le fichier grub.cfg a été modifié | + | <WRAP center round important> |
+ | **Important** | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Un exemple de cette section est : |
- | root@debian8:~# grep 3.16.1 / | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Dernièrement, | + | <file> |
- | + | Section | |
- | <code> | + | Load " |
- | root@debian8: | + | EndSection |
- | linux-image-3.16.0-4-amd64 | + | </file> |
- | linux-image-amd64 | + | |
- | </code> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Gestion des Quotas===== | + | |
<WRAP center round important> | <WRAP center round important> | ||
- | **Important** : Déconnectez-vous et re-connectez-vous directement en tant que root. | + | **Attention** : Dans l' |
</ | </ | ||
- | Sous Linux il est possible de mettre en place des quotas par utilisateur et par groupe. Ceci étant, Linux ne sait pas gérer des quotas par répertoire, | + | ===La Section InputDevice=== |
- | quotas par partition. L' | + | |
- | Commencez par vérifiez que le paquet | + | Cette section décrit un périphérique en entrée. Il n'ya normalement qu'une section pour le clavier, les souris étant généralement détectées automatiquement. Vous pouvez cependant configurer une section |
- | < | + | Un exemple de cette section est : |
- | root@debian8:~# dpkg --get-selections | grep quota | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | Reading package lists... Done | + | |
- | Building dependency tree | + | |
- | Reading state information... Done | + | |
- | Suggested packages: | + | |
- | libnet-ldap-perl | + | |
- | The following NEW packages will be installed: | + | |
- | quota | + | |
- | 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. | + | |
- | Need to get 319 kB of archives. | + | |
- | After this operation, 1,580 kB of additional disk space will be used. | + | |
- | Get:1 http:// | + | |
- | Fetched 319 kB in 0s (1,884 kB/s) | + | |
- | Preconfiguring packages ... | + | |
- | Selecting previously unselected package quota. | + | |
- | (Reading database ... 146985 files and directories currently installed.) | + | |
- | Preparing to unpack .../ | + | |
- | Unpacking quota (4.01-8+deb8u1) ... | + | |
- | Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.0.2-5) ... | + | |
- | Processing triggers for systemd (215-17+deb8u4) ... | + | |
- | Setting up quota (4.01-8+deb8u1) ... | + | |
- | Processing triggers for systemd (215-17+deb8u4) ... | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Editez le fichier **/etc/fstab** en ajoutant les options **usrquota** et **grpquota** à la ligne **/home** : | + | < |
+ | Section " | ||
+ | Identifier | ||
+ | Driver | ||
+ | Option | ||
+ | Option | ||
+ | EndSection | ||
+ | </file> | ||
- | < | + | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : |
- | root@debian8:~# vi / | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | # /etc/fstab: static file system information. | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # Use ' | + | |
- | # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices | + | |
- | # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # <file system> <mount point> | + | |
- | # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation | + | |
- | UUID=4a230056-285f-42f4-bfe0-5a73dbc5b745 / | + | |
- | # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation | + | |
- | UUID=da5a77e9-344d-42aa-aed6-a38d381ba436 none swap sw 0 0 | + | |
- | UUID=6e4ea901-a36d-4b3f-bbbf-eeea866fca40 / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Démontez puis remontez /home : | + | ^ Directive |
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
- | < | + | Quand la section décrit une souris, on trouve typiquement les options suivantes |
- | root@debian8:~# umount /home | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Vérifiez ensuite que les options soient prises | + | ^ Option |
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
- | < | + | ===La Section Monitor=== |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 | + | |
- | sysfs /sys sysfs rw, | + | |
- | proc /proc proc rw, | + | |
- | udev /dev devtmpfs rw, | + | |
- | devpts /dev/pts devpts rw, | + | |
- | tmpfs /run tmpfs rw, | + | |
- | /dev/sda1 / ext4 rw, | + | |
- | securityfs / | + | |
- | tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw, | + | |
- | tmpfs /run/lock tmpfs rw, | + | |
- | tmpfs / | + | |
- | cgroup / | + | |
- | pstore / | + | |
- | cgroup / | + | |
- | cgroup / | + | |
- | cgroup / | + | |
- | cgroup / | + | |
- | cgroup / | + | |
- | cgroup / | + | |
- | cgroup / | + | |
- | systemd-1 / | + | |
- | hugetlbfs / | + | |
- | debugfs / | + | |
- | mqueue /dev/mqueue mqueue rw,relatime 0 0 | + | |
- | fusectl / | + | |
- | rpc_pipefs / | + | |
- | tmpfs /run/user/0 tmpfs rw, | + | |
- | /dev/sdb1 /home ext4 rw, | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | ====La Commande quotacheck==== | + | Cette section décrit l' |
- | Pour activer les quotas sur /home, il convient d' | + | <WRAP center round important> |
+ | **Attention** : Il est important de se munir avec la documentation du moniteur afin de connaître **la taille de l' | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Un exemple de cette section est : |
- | root@debian8:~# quotacheck -cugvm -f /dev/sdb1 | + | |
- | quotacheck: Your kernel probably supports journaled quota but you are not using it. Consider switching to journaled quota to avoid running quotacheck after an unclean shutdown. | + | |
- | quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sdb1 [/home] done | + | |
- | quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file / | + | |
- | quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file / | + | |
- | quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file / | + | |
- | quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file / | + | |
- | quotacheck: Checked 6754 directories and 64246 files | + | |
- | quotacheck: Old file not found. | + | |
- | quotacheck: Old file not found. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Les options de la commande quotacheck sont : | + | < |
+ | Section " | ||
+ | Identifier | ||
+ | VendorName | ||
+ | ModelName | ||
+ | DisplaySize | ||
+ | HorizSync | ||
+ | VertRefresh | ||
+ | EndSection | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | < | + | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : |
- | root@debian8:~# quotacheck --help | + | |
- | Utility for checking and repairing quota files. | + | |
- | quotacheck [-gucbfinvdmMR] [-F < | + | |
- | -u, --user | + | ^ Directive |
- | -g, --group | + | | " |
- | -c, --create-files | + | | " |
- | -b, --backup | + | | " |
- | -f, --force | + | | " |
- | -i, --interactive | + | | " |
- | -n, --use-first-dquot | + | | " |
- | -v, --verbose | + | | " |
- | -d, --debug | + | | " |
- | -m, --no-remount | + | |
- | -M, --try-remount | + | |
- | continue even if it fails | + | |
- | -R, --exclude-root | + | |
- | -F, --format=formatname | + | |
- | -a, --all check all filesystems | + | |
- | -h, --help | + | |
- | -V, --version | + | |
- | Bugs to jack@suse.cz | ||
- | </ | ||
- | Les quotas ont été activés et les fichier **aquota.user** et **aquota.group** ont été créés dans le répertoire /home : | + | ===La Section Device=== |
- | < | + | Cette section décrit une carte vidéo. Il y a une section Device pour chaque carte vidéo présente dans la machine. |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | total 44 | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Aug 13 15:38 .. | + | |
- | -rw------- | + | |
- | -rw------- | + | |
- | drwx------ | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x 18 trainee trainee | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Créez maintenant un utilisateur **fenestros** avec le mot de passe **fenestros** | + | Un exemple |
- | <code> | + | <file> |
- | root@debian8: | + | Section " |
- | root@debian8: | + | Identifier |
- | Enter new UNIX password: | + | Driver |
- | Retype new UNIX password: | + | VendorName |
- | passwd: password updated successfully | + | BoardName |
- | </code> | + | VideoRam |
+ | Option | ||
+ | EndSection | ||
+ | </file> | ||
- | ====La Commande edquota==== | + | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section sont : |
- | Mettez en place maintenant | + | ^ Directive |
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
+ | | " | ||
- | < | + | ===La Section Screen=== |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | L' | + | Cette section associe une carte vidéo décrite par une section |
- | < | + | Un exemple de cette section est : |
- | Disk quotas for user fenestros (uid 1001): | + | |
- | Filesystem | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Modifiez ce fichier ainsi : | + | |
< | < | ||
- | Disk quotas for user fenestros (uid 1001): | + | Section " |
- | | + | Identifier " |
- | / | + | Device |
+ | Monitor | ||
+ | DefaultDepth | ||
+ | SubSection " | ||
+ | Depth | ||
+ | Modes | ||
+ | EndSubSection | ||
+ | SubSection " | ||
+ | Depth | ||
+ | Modes | ||
+ | EndSubSection | ||
+ | EndSection | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Les options de la commande **edquota** | + | Les directives les plus courantes dans cette section |
- | < | + | ^ Directive |
- | root@debian8: | + | | " |
- | edquota: Usage: | + | | " |
- | edquota [-rm] [-u] [-F formatname] [-p username] [-f filesystem] username ... | + | | " |
- | edquota [-rm] -g [-F formatname] [-p groupname] [-f filesystem] groupname | + | | " |
- | edquota [-u|g] [-F formatname] [-f filesystem] -t | + | | " |
- | edquota [-u|g] [-F formatname] [-f filesystem] -T username|groupname ... | + | | " |
- | -u, --user | + | ====La Commande xwininfo==== |
- | -g, --group | + | |
- | -r, --remote | + | |
- | -m, --no-mixed-pathnames | + | |
- | -F, --format=formatname | + | |
- | -p, --prototype=name copy data from a prototype user/ | + | |
- | --always-resolve | + | |
- | composed only of digits | + | |
- | -f, --filesystem=filesystem | + | |
- | -t, --edit-period | + | |
- | -T, --edit-times | + | |
- | -h, --help | + | |
- | -V, --version | + | |
- | Bugs to: jack@suse.cz | + | La commande xwininfo permet d' |
- | </ | + | |
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | <code> |
- | **Important** - Pour mettre en place un quota par group, la procédure est similaire. Il suffit d' | + | root@debian8: |
- | </ | + | No protocol specified |
+ | xwininfo: error: unable to open display ": | ||
+ | root@debian8: | ||
+ | logout | ||
+ | trainee@debian8: | ||
- | ====La Commande quotaon==== | + | xwininfo: Please select the window about which you |
+ | would like information by clicking the | ||
+ | mouse in that window. | ||
- | Appliquez maintenant les quotas | + | xwininfo: Window id: 0x2e0004a " |
- | < | + | Absolute upper-left X: 0 |
- | root@debian8:~# quotaon | + | |
+ | Relative upper-left X: 0 | ||
+ | Relative upper-left Y: 0 | ||
+ | Width: 1366 | ||
+ | Height: 642 | ||
+ | Depth: 32 | ||
+ | Visual: 0x44 | ||
+ | Visual Class: TrueColor | ||
+ | Border width: 0 | ||
+ | Class: InputOutput | ||
+ | Colormap: 0x2e00049 (not installed) | ||
+ | Bit Gravity State: NorthWestGravity | ||
+ | Window Gravity State: NorthWestGravity | ||
+ | Backing Store State: NotUseful | ||
+ | Save Under State: no | ||
+ | Map State: IsViewable | ||
+ | Override Redirect State: no | ||
+ | Corners: | ||
+ | | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | Les options de la commande | + | Les options de la commande |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8: | + | root@debian8: |
- | quotaon: Usage: | + | usage: |
- | quotaon | + | |
- | quotaon [-guvp] [-F quotaformat] [-x state] filesys | + | |
- | -a, --all turn quotas on for all filesystems | + | where options include: |
- | -f, --off turn quotas off | + | |
- | -u, --user | + | |
- | -g, --group | + | |
- | -p, --print-state | + | -id windowid |
- | -x, --xfs-command=cmd | + | |
- | -F, --format=formatname | + | |
- | -v, --verbose | + | -children |
- | -h, --help | + | |
- | -V, --version | + | |
+ | -bits print window pixel information | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -size | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -frame | ||
+ | | ||
+ | -metric | ||
+ | -all -tree, -stats, | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | De cette manière vous avez mis en place un quota **souple** pour fenestros de 8 000 Ko et un quota **stricte** de 10 000 Ko. | + | ====La Commande xdpyinfo==== |
- | Quand l' | + | Xdpyinfo est un utilitaire utilisé pour afficher des informations concernant |
- | Il est à noter que vous pouvez soit mettre en place un quota en taille, soit mettre en place un quota basé sur le nombre d' | + | < |
+ | trainee@debian8: | ||
+ | name of display: | ||
+ | version number: | ||
+ | vendor string: | ||
+ | vendor release number: | ||
+ | X.Org version: 1.16.4 | ||
+ | maximum request size: 16777212 bytes | ||
+ | motion buffer size: 256 | ||
+ | bitmap unit, bit order, padding: | ||
+ | image byte order: | ||
+ | number of supported pixmap formats: | ||
+ | supported pixmap formats: | ||
+ | depth 1, bits_per_pixel 1, scanline_pad 32 | ||
+ | depth 4, bits_per_pixel 8, scanline_pad 32 | ||
+ | depth 8, bits_per_pixel 8, scanline_pad 32 | ||
+ | depth 15, bits_per_pixel 16, scanline_pad 32 | ||
+ | depth 16, bits_per_pixel 16, scanline_pad 32 | ||
+ | depth 24, bits_per_pixel 32, scanline_pad 32 | ||
+ | depth 32, bits_per_pixel 32, scanline_pad 32 | ||
+ | keycode range: | ||
+ | focus: | ||
+ | number of extensions: | ||
+ | BIG-REQUESTS | ||
+ | Composite | ||
+ | DAMAGE | ||
+ | DOUBLE-BUFFER | ||
+ | DPMS | ||
+ | DRI2 | ||
+ | DRI3 | ||
+ | GLX | ||
+ | Generic Event Extension | ||
+ | MIT-SCREEN-SAVER | ||
+ | MIT-SHM | ||
+ | Present | ||
+ | RANDR | ||
+ | RECORD | ||
+ | RENDER | ||
+ | SECURITY | ||
+ | SGI-GLX | ||
+ | SHAPE | ||
+ | SYNC | ||
+ | X-Resource | ||
+ | XC-MISC | ||
+ | XFIXES | ||
+ | XFree86-DGA | ||
+ | XFree86-VidModeExtension | ||
+ | XINERAMA | ||
+ | XInputExtension | ||
+ | XKEYBOARD | ||
+ | XTEST | ||
+ | XVideo | ||
+ | default screen number: | ||
+ | number of screens: | ||
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | screen #0: |
- | **Important** - La commande pour désactivez les quotas est **quotaoff**. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | | |
- | ====La Commande repquota==== | + | root window id: 0x170 |
- | + | depth of root window: | |
- | Pour visualiser les quotas utilisez la commande **repquota** | + | |
- | + | | |
- | < | + | |
- | root@debian8:~# repquota /home | + | |
- | *** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sdb1 | + | |
- | Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days | + | |
- | Block limits | + | current input event mask: |
- | User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace | + | |
- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | + | |
- | root -- 20 | + | SubstructureNotifyMask |
- | trainee | + | PropertyChangeMask |
- | | + | number of visuals: |
+ | default visual id: 0x21 | ||
+ | visual: | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | | ||
+ | red, green, blue masks: | ||
+ | significant bits in color specification: | ||
+ | visual: | ||
+ | visual id: 0xf9 | ||
+ | class: | ||
+ | depth: | ||
+ | available colormap entries: | ||
+ | red, green, blue masks: | ||
+ | significant bits in color specification: | ||
+ | visual: | ||
+ | visual id: 0xfa | ||
+ | class: | ||
+ | depth: | ||
+ | available colormap entries: | ||
+ | red, green, blue masks: | ||
+ | significant bits in color specification: | ||
+ | visual: | ||
+ | visual id: 0xfb | ||
+ | class: | ||
+ | depth: | ||
+ | available colormap entries: | ||
+ | red, green, blue masks: | ||
+ | significant bits in color specification: | ||
+ | ... | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | <WRAP center round important> | + | Les options de la commande |
- | **Important** - Notez que l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande | + | |
< | < | ||
- | root@debian8:~# repquota | + | trainee@debian8:~$ xdpyinfo |
- | repquota: Utility for reporting quotas. | + | usage: |
- | Usage: | + | -display |
- | repquota | + | -version print program version and exit |
- | + | -queryExtensions print info returned by XQueryExtension | |
- | -v, --verbose | + | -ext all print detailed info for all supported extensions |
- | -u, --user | + | -ext extension-name print detailed info for extension-name if one of: |
- | -g, --group | + | MIT-SHM XKEYBOARD Multi-Buffering SHAPE SYNC XFree86-DGA |
- | -s, --human-readable | + | XFree86-VidModeExtension XTEST DOUBLE-BUFFER RECORD XInputExtension |
- | -t, --truncate-names | + | RENDER Composite XINERAMA |
- | -p, --raw-grace | + | |
- | -n, --no-names | + | |
- | -i, --no-autofs | + | |
- | -c, --batch-translation | + | |
- | -C, --no-batch-translation | + | |
- | -F, --format=formatname | + | |
- | -h, --help | + | |
- | -V, --version | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Bugs to jack@suse.cz | + | |
</ | </ | ||
- | ====La Commande quota==== | + | =====L' |
- | Pour visualiser les quotas d'un utilisateur spécifique, | + | L'Accès Universel ou // |
- | < | + | ====Le Clavier et la Souris==== |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | Disk quotas for user fenestros (uid 1001): none | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | fenestros@debian8: | + | |
- | fenestros@debian8: | + | |
- | logout | + | |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | Disk quotas for user fenestros (uid 1001): | + | |
- | | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | Les options de la commande | + | Historiquement, |
- | <code> | + | ^ Paramètre ^ Description ^ |
- | root@debian8: | + | | Sticky Keys | Permet de maintenir les touches |
- | quota: Usage: quota [-guqvswim] [-l | [-Q | -A]] [-F quotaformat] | + | | Mouse Keys | Permet d' |
- | quota [-qvswim] [-l | [-Q | -A]] [-F quotaformat] -u username ... | + | | Bounce Keys | Permet de réduire l' |
- | quota [-qvswim] [-l | [-Q | -A]] [-F quotaformat] -g groupname ... | + | | Slow Keys | Necéssite qu'une touche soit enfoncée pour une durée plus longue avant que le système réagisse | |
- | quota [-qvswugQm] [-F quotaformat] -f filesystem ... | + | |
- | -u, --user | + | ====Claviers Visuels==== |
- | -g, --group | + | |
- | -q, --quiet | + | |
- | -v, --verbose | + | |
- | -s, --human-readable | + | |
- | --always-resolve | + | |
- | composed of only digits | + | |
- | -w, --no-wrap | + | |
- | -p, --raw-grace | + | |
- | -l, --local-only | + | |
- | -Q, --quiet-refuse | + | |
- | not respond | + | |
- | -i, --no-autofs | + | |
- | -F, --format=formatname | + | |
- | -f, --filesystem-list | + | |
- | -A, --nfs-all | + | |
- | -m, --no-mixed-pathnames | + | |
- | --show-mntpoint | + | |
- | --hide-device | + | |
- | -h, --help | + | |
- | -V, --version | + | |
- | Bugs to: jack@suse.cz | + | Un clavier visuel ou //Onscreen Keyboard// est un clavier qui est afficher à l' |
- | </code> | + | |
- | ====La Commande warnquota==== | + | Un exemple connu du clavier visuel est **[[http:// |
- | La commande **warnquota** vérifie le ou les disques et envoie un message par mail à tout utilisateur qui a dépassé la limite soft. Elle est enrègle générale appelée par un job cron. Cependant elle peut aussi est appelée d'une manière intéractive. | + | ====L'Ecran==== |
- | Les options de la commande **warnquota** | + | En ce qui concerne |
- | < | + | Il existe aussi des loupes telles **Kmag**. |
- | root@debian8: | + | |
- | warnquota: Usage: | + | |
- | warnquota [-ugsid] [-F quotaformat] [-c configfile] [-q quotatabfile] [-a adminsfile] [filesystem...] | + | |
- | -u, --user | + | ====Autres Technologies==== |
- | -g, --group | + | |
- | -s, --human-readable | + | |
- | -i, --no-autofs | + | |
- | -d, --no-details | + | |
- | -F, --format=formatname | + | |
- | -c, --config=config-file | + | |
- | -q, --quota-tab=quotatab-file | + | |
- | -a, --admins-file=admins-file | + | |
- | -h, --help | + | |
- | -v, --version | + | |
- | Bugs to jack@suse.cz | + | Il existe aussi des logiciels de synthèse vocal tels **[[http:// |
- | </code> | + | |
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</ | </ | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | ----- | ||