Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
elearning:workbooks:centos:8:junior:l109 [2022/04/22 06:25] – admin | elearning:workbooks:centos:8:junior:l109 [2024/09/12 09:07] (Version actuelle) – admin | ||
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Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
~~PDF: | ~~PDF: | ||
- | Version : **2022.01** | + | Version : **2024.01** |
Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | ||
Ligne 56: | Ligne 56: | ||
* Ajouter une deuxième Passphrase | * Ajouter une deuxième Passphrase | ||
* Supprimer une Passphrase | * Supprimer une Passphrase | ||
+ | * Raid Logiciel | ||
+ | * LAB #22 - Mise en Place du RAID 5 Logiciel | ||
+ | * 22.1 - Préparer le disque | ||
+ | * 22.2 - Créer une Unité RAID | ||
+ | * 22.3 - Remplacer une Unité Défaillante | ||
* Le Swap | * Le Swap | ||
* Taille du swap | * Taille du swap | ||
Ligne 61: | Ligne 66: | ||
* La Commande swapon | * La Commande swapon | ||
* La Commande swapoff | * La Commande swapoff | ||
- | * LAB #22 - Créer un Fichier de Swap | + | * LAB #23 - Créer un Fichier de Swap |
- | + | ||
- | =====Périphériques de stockage===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les unités de stockage sous Linux sont référencées par un des fichiers se trouvant dans le répertoire **/dev** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * hd[a-d] | + | |
- | * Les disques IDE et les lecteurs ATAPI | + | |
- | * sd[a-z] | + | |
- | * Les disques SCSI et SATA | + | |
- | * mmcblk[0-7] | + | |
- | * Les cartes SD/MMC | + | |
- | * scd[0-7] | + | |
- | * Les CDRoms SCSI | + | |
- | * xd[a-d] | + | |
- | * Les premiers disques sur IBM XT | + | |
- | * fd[0-7] | + | |
- | * Les lecteurs de disquettes | + | |
- | * st[0-7] | + | |
- | * Les lecteurs de bandes SCSI/SATA qui **supportent** le rembobinage | + | |
- | * nst[0-7] | + | |
- | * Les lecteurs de bandes SCSI/SATA qui ne supportent **pas** le rembobinage | + | |
- | * ht[0-7] | + | |
- | * Les lecteurs de bandes PATA qui **supportent** le rembobinage | + | |
- | * nht[0-7] | + | |
- | * Les lecteurs de bandes PATA qui ne supportent **pas** le rembobinage | + | |
- | * rmt8, rmt16, tape-d, tape-reset | + | |
- | * Les lecteurs QIC-80 | + | |
- | * ram[0-15] | + | |
- | * Les disques virtuels. Ils sont supprimés à l' | + | |
- | * Périphériques **loop** | + | |
- | * Il existe 16 unités loop qui sont utilisés pour accèder en mode bloc à un système de fichiers contenu dans un fichier, par exemple, une image **iso** | + | |
- | * md[x] | + | |
- | * Un volume **RAID** logiciel | + | |
- | * vg[x] | + | |
- | * Un groupe de volumes | + | |
- | * lv[x] | + | |
- | * Un volume logique | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Partitions===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Un PC comportent en règle générale 2 **contrôleurs** de disque, chacun capable de gérer 2 disques, un **maître** et un **esclave**. Les disques attachés à ces contrôleurs comportent des noms différents pour pouvoir les distinguer : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * Contrôleur 0 | + | |
- | * Maître | + | |
- | * **hda** - disque IDE | + | |
- | * **sda** - disque SATA ou SCSI | + | |
- | * Esclave | + | |
- | * **hdb** - disque IDE | + | |
- | * **sdb** - disque SATA ou SCSI | + | |
- | * Contrôleur 1 | + | |
- | * Maître | + | |
- | * **hdc** - disque IDE | + | |
- | * **sdc** - disque SATA ou SCSI | + | |
- | * Esclave | + | |
- | * **hdd** - disque IDE | + | |
- | * **sdd** - disque SATA ou SCSI | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Un disque peut comporter trois types de partitions : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * **Partitions primaires**, | + | |
- | * Maximum de **4**. En effet, la Table des Partitions est grande de 64 octets. Il faut 16 octets pour codés une partition. | + | |
- | * **Partitions Etendues**, | + | |
- | * Généralement une seule partition étendue par disque. Elle contient des **Lecteurs Logiques** aussi appelés des partitions, | + | |
- | * **Lecteurs Logiqiques**. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les 4 partitions primaires sont numérotées de 1 à 4. Par exemple : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * **hda1**, **hda2**, **hda3** et **hda4** pour le premier disque **IDE** sur le premier contrôleur de disque, | + | |
- | * **sda1**, **sda2**, **sda3** et **sda4** pour le premier disque **SCSI** ou **SATA** sur le premier contrôleur de disque. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{free: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Une partition étendue prend la place d'une partition primaire et les lecteurs logiques qui s'y trouvent commencent à partir de **hda5** ou de **sda5**. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour clarifier ceci, considérons un disque **SATA** contenant deux partitions primaires, une seule partition étendue et 3 lecteurs logiques. Dans ce cas, les deux premières partitions sont **sda1** et **sda2**, la partition étendue prend la place de la troisième partition primaire, la **sda3** et s' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les lecteurs logiques commençant à **sda5**, nous obtenons la liste de partitions suivante : sda1, sda2, sda5, sda6, sda7. Notez que la sda3 ne peut pas être utilisée en tant que partition car elle est cachée par les lecteurs sda5, sda6 et sda7. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{free: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le nombre de partitions sur un disque est limité : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * **IDE**, | + | |
- | * Jusqu' | + | |
- | * **SCSI**, | + | |
- | * Jusqu' | + | |
- | * **Disques utilisant l'API libata**, | + | |
- | * Jusqu' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Ces limites peuvent être dépassées en utilisant la gestion **LVM** (//Logical Volume Management// | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Partitionnement===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #1 - Partitionnement de votre Disque sous RHEL/CentOS 8 avec fdisk==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour procéder au partitionnement de votre disque ou de vos disques, RHEL/CentOS 8 possède l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Lancez fdisk en fournissant en argument le fichier de référence de votre premier disque dur, par exemple : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). | + | |
- | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. | + | |
- | Be careful before using the write command. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Device does not contain a recognized partition table. | + | |
- | Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb0dacb39. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Tapez ensuite la lettre **m** puis < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): m | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Help: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | DOS (MBR) | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Generic | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Misc | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Script | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Save & Exit | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a new label | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour créer une nouvelle partition, vous devez utiliser la commande **n**. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez donc les partitions suivantes sur votre disque : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ^ Partition ^ Type ^ Taille de la Partition ^ | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb1 | Primaire | 100 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb2 | Primaire | 100 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb3 | Primaire | 100 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb4 | Extended | Du premier secteur disponible au dernier secteur du disque | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb5 | Logique | 500 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb6 | Logique | 200 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb7 | Logique | 300 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sda8 | Logique | 500 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb9 | Logique | 400 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb10 | Logique | 500 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb11 | Logique | 500 Mo | | + | |
- | | /dev/sdb12 | Logique | 200 Mo | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | Partition type | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | Select (default p): | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Using default response p. | + | |
- | Partition number (1-4, default 1): | + | |
- | First sector (2048-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 1 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | Partition type | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | Select (default p): | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Using default response p. | + | |
- | Partition number (2-4, default 2): | + | |
- | First sector (206848-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 2 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | Partition type | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | Select (default p): | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Using default response p. | + | |
- | Partition number (3,4, default 3): | + | |
- | First sector (411648-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 3 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez ensuite la partition étendue : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | Partition type | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | Select (default e): e | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Selected partition 4 | + | |
- | First sector (616448-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 4 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez maintenant les autres partitions l'une après l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | All primary partitions are in use. | + | |
- | Adding logical partition 5 | + | |
- | First sector (618496-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 5 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | All primary partitions are in use. | + | |
- | Adding logical partition 6 | + | |
- | First sector (1644544-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 6 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | All primary partitions are in use. | + | |
- | Adding logical partition 7 | + | |
- | First sector (2056192-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 7 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | All primary partitions are in use. | + | |
- | Adding logical partition 8 | + | |
- | First sector (2672640-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 8 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | All primary partitions are in use. | + | |
- | Adding logical partition 9 | + | |
- | First sector (3698688-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 9 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | + | |
- | All primary partitions are in use. | + | |
- | Adding logical partition 10 | + | |
- | First sector (4519936-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 10 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | All primary partitions are in use. | + | |
- | Adding logical partition 11 | + | |
- | First sector (5545984-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 11 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): n | + | |
- | All primary partitions are in use. | + | |
- | Adding logical partition 12 | + | |
- | First sector (6572032-8388607, | + | |
- | Last sector, +sectors or +size{K, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Created a new partition 12 of type ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Tapez ensuite la lettre **p** puis < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): p | + | |
- | Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/ | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/ | + | |
- | Disklabel type: dos | + | |
- | Disk identifier: 0xb0dacb39 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Device | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Ecrivez la table des partitions sur disque et exécutez la commande **partprobe** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): w | + | |
- | The partition table has been altered. | + | |
- | Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. | + | |
- | Syncing disks. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# partprobe | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Lancez fdisk puis tapez ensuite la lettre **p** puis < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). | + | |
- | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. | + | |
- | Be careful before using the write command. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): p | + | |
- | Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/ | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/ | + | |
- | Disklabel type: dos | + | |
- | Disk identifier: 0xb0dacb39 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Device | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour supprimer une partition, utilisez la commande **d** puis < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): d | + | |
- | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 12 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Partition 12 has been deleted. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): p | + | |
- | Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/ | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/ | + | |
- | Disklabel type: dos | + | |
- | Disk identifier: 0xb0dacb39 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Device | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | A ce stade, la partition n'a **pas** été réellement supprimée. En effet, vous avez la possibilité de sortir de fdisk en utilisant la commande **q**. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Tapez donc q pour sortir de fdisk puis relancez fdisk. Vous obtiendrez un résultat similaire à celui-ci : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): q | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). | + | |
- | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. | + | |
- | Be careful before using the write command. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): p | + | |
- | Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/ | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/ | + | |
- | Disklabel type: dos | + | |
- | Disk identifier: 0xb0dacb39 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Device | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #2 - Modifier les Drapeaux des Partitions avec fdisk==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Afin de mettre en place un RAID logiciel ou un volume logique, il est nécessaire de modifier les types de systèmes de fichiers sur les partitions créées. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Modifiez donc les nouvelles partitions à l'aide de la commande **t** de **fdisk** selon le tableau ci-dessous : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ^ Taille de la Partition ^ Type de Système de Fichiers ^ | + | |
- | | 500 Mo | RAID (fd) | | + | |
- | | 200 Mo | Linux LVM (8e) | | + | |
- | | 300 Mo | Linux LVM (8e) | | + | |
- | | 500 Mo | RAID (fd) | | + | |
- | | 400 Mo | Linux LVM (8e) | | + | |
- | | 500 Mo | RAID (fd) | | + | |
- | | 500 Mo | RAID (fd) | | + | |
- | | 200 Mo | Inchangé | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Vous obtiendrez un résultat similaire à celui-ci : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): t | + | |
- | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 5 | + | |
- | Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Changed type of partition ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): t | + | |
- | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 6 | + | |
- | Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Changed type of partition ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): t | + | |
- | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 7 | + | |
- | Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Changed type of partition ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): t | + | |
- | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 8 | + | |
- | Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Changed type of partition ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): t | + | |
- | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 9 | + | |
- | Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Changed type of partition ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): t | + | |
- | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 10 | + | |
- | Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Changed type of partition ' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): t | + | |
- | Partition number (1-12, default 12): 11 | + | |
- | Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Changed type of partition ' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | A l'issu des modifications, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): p | + | |
- | Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/ | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/ | + | |
- | Disklabel type: dos | + | |
- | Disk identifier: 0xb0dacb39 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Device | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Command (m for help): | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour écrire la nouvelle table des partitions sur disque, vous devez utilisez la commande **w** puis la commande **partprobe** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | Command (m for help): w | + | |
- | The partition table has been altered! | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. | + | |
- | The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at | + | |
- | the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) | + | |
- | Syncing disks. | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# partprobe | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Options de la Commande fdisk==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# fdisk --help | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Usage: | + | |
- | fdisk [options] < | + | |
- | fdisk [options] -l [< | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Display or manipulate a disk partition table. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Options: | + | |
- | -b, --sector-size < | + | |
- | -B, --protect-boot | + | |
- | -c, --compatibility[=< | + | |
- | -L, --color[=< | + | |
- | | + | |
- | -l, --list | + | |
- | -o, --output < | + | |
- | -t, --type < | + | |
- | -u, --units[=< | + | |
- | -s, --getsz | + | |
- | | + | |
- | -w, --wipe < | + | |
- | -W, --wipe-partitions < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | -C, --cylinders < | + | |
- | -H, --heads < | + | |
- | -S, --sectors < | + | |
- | + | ||
- | -h, --help | + | |
- | -V, --version | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Available output columns: | + | |
- | gpt: Device Start End Sectors Size Type Type-UUID Attrs Name UUID | + | |
- | dos: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs Boot End-C/H/S Start-C/ | + | |
- | bsd: Slice Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Bsize Cpg Fsize | + | |
- | sgi: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Attrs | + | |
- | sun: Device Start End Sectors Cylinders Size Type Id Flags | + | |
- | + | ||
- | For more details see fdisk(8). | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Logical Volume Manager (LVM)===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #3 - Volumes Logiques Linéaires==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Afin de mettre en place le LVM, vous avez besoin du paquet **lvm2** et du paquet **device-mapper**. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Nous allons travailler sous RHEL/CentOS 8 avec les partitions suivantes : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour initialiser le LVM saississez la commande suivante : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgscan | + | |
- | Found volume group " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **vgscan** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgscan --longhelp | + | |
- | vgscan - Search for all volume groups | + | |
- | + | ||
- | vgscan | + | |
- | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | + | |
- | [ --mknodes ] | + | |
- | [ --notifydbus ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common variables for lvm: | + | |
- | Variables in option or position args are capitalized, | + | |
- | e.g. PV, VG, LV, Size, Number, String, Tag. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | PV | + | |
- | Physical Volume name, a device path under /dev. | + | |
- | For commands managing physical extents, a PV positional arg | + | |
- | generally accepts a suffix indicating a range (or multiple ranges) | + | |
- | of PEs. When the first PE is omitted, it defaults to the start of | + | |
- | the device, and when the last PE is omitted it defaults to the end. | + | |
- | PV[: | + | |
- | PV[: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | LV | + | |
- | Logical Volume name. See lvm(8) for valid names. An LV positional | + | |
- | arg generally includes the VG name and LV name, e.g. VG/LV. | + | |
- | LV followed by _< | + | |
- | required. (raid represents raid< | + | |
- | The _new suffix indicates that the LV name is new. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Tag | + | |
- | Tag name. See lvm(8) for information about tag names and using | + | |
- | tags in place of a VG, LV or PV. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Select | + | |
- | Select indicates that a required positional arg can be omitted | + | |
- | if the --select option is used. No arg appears in this position. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Size[UNIT] | + | |
- | Size is an input number that accepts an optional unit. | + | |
- | Input units are always treated as base two values, regardless of | + | |
- | capitalization, | + | |
- | The default input unit is specified by letter, followed by |UNIT. | + | |
- | UNIT represents other possible input units: BbBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE. | + | |
- | (This should not be confused with the output control --units, where | + | |
- | capital letters mean multiple of 1000.) | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Physical Volume (PV)=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour créer le **PV** il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | + | |
- | Physical volume "/ | + | |
- | Physical volume "/ | + | |
- | Physical volume "/ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **pvcreate** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# pvcreate --longhelp | + | |
- | pvcreate - Initialize physical volume(s) for use by LVM | + | |
- | + | ||
- | pvcreate PV ... | + | |
- | [ -f|--force ] | + | |
- | [ -M|--metadatatype lvm2 ] | + | |
- | [ -u|--uuid String ] | + | |
- | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --dataalignment Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --dataalignmentoffset Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --bootloaderareasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --labelsector Number ] | + | |
- | [ --pvmetadatacopies 0|1|2 ] | + | |
- | [ --metadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --metadataignore y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --norestorefile ] | + | |
- | [ --setphysicalvolumesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ --restorefile String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common variables for lvm: | + | |
- | Variables in option or position args are capitalized, | + | |
- | e.g. PV, VG, LV, Size, Number, String, Tag. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | PV | + | |
- | Physical Volume name, a device path under /dev. | + | |
- | For commands managing physical extents, a PV positional arg | + | |
- | generally accepts a suffix indicating a range (or multiple ranges) | + | |
- | of PEs. When the first PE is omitted, it defaults to the start of | + | |
- | the device, and when the last PE is omitted it defaults to the end. | + | |
- | PV[: | + | |
- | PV[: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | LV | + | |
- | Logical Volume name. See lvm(8) for valid names. An LV positional | + | |
- | arg generally includes the VG name and LV name, e.g. VG/LV. | + | |
- | LV followed by _< | + | |
- | required. (raid represents raid< | + | |
- | The _new suffix indicates that the LV name is new. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Tag | + | |
- | Tag name. See lvm(8) for information about tag names and using | + | |
- | tags in place of a VG, LV or PV. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Select | + | |
- | Select indicates that a required positional arg can be omitted | + | |
- | if the --select option is used. No arg appears in this position. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Size[UNIT] | + | |
- | Size is an input number that accepts an optional unit. | + | |
- | Input units are always treated as base two values, regardless of | + | |
- | capitalization, | + | |
- | The default input unit is specified by letter, followed by |UNIT. | + | |
- | UNIT represents other possible input units: BbBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE. | + | |
- | (This should not be confused with the output control --units, where | + | |
- | capital letters mean multiple of 1000.) | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour visualiser le PV il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | + | |
- | "/ | + | |
- | --- NEW Physical volume --- | + | |
- | PV Name / | + | |
- | VG Name | + | |
- | PV Size | + | |
- | Allocatable | + | |
- | PE Size | + | |
- | Total PE 0 | + | |
- | Free PE 0 | + | |
- | Allocated PE 0 | + | |
- | PV UUID | + | |
- | + | ||
- | "/ | + | |
- | --- NEW Physical volume --- | + | |
- | PV Name / | + | |
- | VG Name | + | |
- | PV Size | + | |
- | Allocatable | + | |
- | PE Size | + | |
- | Total PE 0 | + | |
- | Free PE 0 | + | |
- | Allocated PE 0 | + | |
- | PV UUID | + | |
- | + | ||
- | "/ | + | |
- | --- NEW Physical volume --- | + | |
- | PV Name / | + | |
- | VG Name | + | |
- | PV Size | + | |
- | Allocatable | + | |
- | PE Size | + | |
- | Total PE 0 | + | |
- | Free PE 0 | + | |
- | Allocated PE 0 | + | |
- | PV UUID | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **pvdisplay** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# pvdisplay --longhelp | + | |
- | pvdisplay - Display various attributes of physical volume(s) | + | |
- | + | ||
- | pvdisplay | + | |
- | [ -a|--all ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--colon ] | + | |
- | [ -C|--columns ] | + | |
- | [ -m|--maps ] | + | |
- | [ -o|--options String ] | + | |
- | [ -S|--select String ] | + | |
- | [ -s|--short ] | + | |
- | [ -O|--sort String ] | + | |
- | [ --aligned ] | + | |
- | [ --binary ] | + | |
- | [ --configreport log|vg|lv|pv|pvseg|seg ] | + | |
- | [ --foreign ] | + | |
- | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | + | |
- | [ --logonly ] | + | |
- | [ --noheadings ] | + | |
- | [ --nosuffix ] | + | |
- | [ --readonly ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ --separator String ] | + | |
- | [ --shared ] | + | |
- | [ --unbuffered ] | + | |
- | [ --units r|R|h|H|b|B|s|S|k|K|m|M|g|G|t|T|p|P|e|E ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV|Tag ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common variables for lvm: | + | |
- | Variables in option or position args are capitalized, | + | |
- | e.g. PV, VG, LV, Size, Number, String, Tag. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | PV | + | |
- | Physical Volume name, a device path under /dev. | + | |
- | For commands managing physical extents, a PV positional arg | + | |
- | generally accepts a suffix indicating a range (or multiple ranges) | + | |
- | of PEs. When the first PE is omitted, it defaults to the start of | + | |
- | the device, and when the last PE is omitted it defaults to the end. | + | |
- | PV[: | + | |
- | PV[: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | LV | + | |
- | Logical Volume name. See lvm(8) for valid names. An LV positional | + | |
- | arg generally includes the VG name and LV name, e.g. VG/LV. | + | |
- | LV followed by _< | + | |
- | required. (raid represents raid< | + | |
- | The _new suffix indicates that the LV name is new. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Tag | + | |
- | Tag name. See lvm(8) for information about tag names and using | + | |
- | tags in place of a VG, LV or PV. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Select | + | |
- | Select indicates that a required positional arg can be omitted | + | |
- | if the --select option is used. No arg appears in this position. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Size[UNIT] | + | |
- | Size is an input number that accepts an optional unit. | + | |
- | Input units are always treated as base two values, regardless of | + | |
- | capitalization, | + | |
- | The default input unit is specified by letter, followed by |UNIT. | + | |
- | UNIT represents other possible input units: BbBsSkKmMgGtTpPeE. | + | |
- | (This should not be confused with the output control --units, where | + | |
- | capital letters mean multiple of 1000.) | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Volume Group (VG) et Physical Extent (PE)=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour créer un Volume Group dénommé **vg0**, il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgcreate -s 8M vg0 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | + | |
- | Volume group " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **vgcreate** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgcreate --help | + | |
- | vgcreate - Create a volume group | + | |
- | + | ||
- | vgcreate VG_new PV ... | + | |
- | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--clustered y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -l|--maxlogicalvolumes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -p|--maxphysicalvolumes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -M|--metadatatype lvm2 ] | + | |
- | [ -s|--physicalextentsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -f|--force ] | + | |
- | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --addtag Tag ] | + | |
- | [ --alloc contiguous|cling|cling_by_tags|normal|anywhere|inherit ] | + | |
- | [ --metadataprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --labelsector Number ] | + | |
- | [ --metadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --pvmetadatacopies 0|1|2 ] | + | |
- | [ --vgmetadatacopies all|unmanaged|Number ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ --dataalignment Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --dataalignmentoffset Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --shared ] | + | |
- | [ --systemid String ] | + | |
- | [ --locktype sanlock|dlm|none ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour afficher les informations concernant **vg0**, il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgdisplay vg0 | + | |
- | --- Volume group --- | + | |
- | VG Name vg0 | + | |
- | System ID | + | |
- | Format | + | |
- | Metadata Areas 3 | + | |
- | Metadata Sequence No 1 | + | |
- | VG Access | + | |
- | VG Status | + | |
- | MAX LV 0 | + | |
- | Cur LV 0 | + | |
- | Open LV 0 | + | |
- | Max PV 0 | + | |
- | Cur PV 3 | + | |
- | Act PV 3 | + | |
- | VG Size | + | |
- | PE Size 8.00 MiB | + | |
- | Total PE 110 | + | |
- | Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 | + | |
- | Free PE / Size 110 / 880.00 MiB | + | |
- | VG UUID | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **vgdisplay** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgdisplay --help | + | |
- | vgdisplay - Display volume group information | + | |
- | + | ||
- | vgdisplay | + | |
- | [ -A|--activevolumegroups ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--colon ] | + | |
- | [ -C|--columns ] | + | |
- | [ -o|--options String ] | + | |
- | [ -S|--select String ] | + | |
- | [ -s|--short ] | + | |
- | [ -O|--sort String ] | + | |
- | [ --aligned ] | + | |
- | [ --binary ] | + | |
- | [ --configreport log|vg|lv|pv|pvseg|seg ] | + | |
- | [ --foreign ] | + | |
- | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | + | |
- | [ --logonly ] | + | |
- | [ --noheadings ] | + | |
- | [ --nosuffix ] | + | |
- | [ --readonly ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ --shared ] | + | |
- | [ --separator String ] | + | |
- | [ --unbuffered ] | + | |
- | [ --units r|R|h|H|b|B|s|S|k|K|m|M|g|G|t|T|p|P|e|E ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ VG|Tag ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Logical Volumes (LV)=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour créer un **Logical Volume** dénommé **lv0** dans le **Volume Group** **vg0**, il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvcreate -L 350 -n lv0 vg0 | + | |
- | Rounding up size to full physical extent 352.00 MiB | + | |
- | Logical volume " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** -Notez que la taille du LV est un multiple du PE. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **lvcreate** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvcreate --help | + | |
- | lvcreate - Create a logical volume | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a linear LV. | + | |
- | lvcreate -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ --type linear ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a striped LV (infers --type striped). | + | |
- | lvcreate -i|--stripes Number -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a raid1 or mirror LV (infers --type raid1|mirror). | + | |
- | lvcreate -m|--mirrors Number -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --mirrorlog core|disk ] | + | |
- | [ --minrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --maxrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a raid LV (a specific raid level must be used, e.g. raid1). | + | |
- | lvcreate --type raid -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -m|--mirrors Number ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --minrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --maxrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --raidintegrity y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --raidintegritymode String ] | + | |
- | [ --raidintegrityblocksize Number ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a raid10 LV. | + | |
- | lvcreate -m|--mirrors Number -i|--stripes Number -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --minrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --maxrecoveryrate Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a COW snapshot LV of an origin LV. | + | |
- | lvcreate -s|--snapshot -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] LV | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --type snapshot ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a thin pool. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type thin-pool -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --thinpool LV_new ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --discards passdown|nopassdown|ignore ] | + | |
- | [ --errorwhenfull y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a cache pool. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type cache-pool -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -H|--cache ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | + | |
- | [ --cachepolicy String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a thin LV in a thin pool (infers --type thin). | + | |
- | lvcreate -V|--virtualsize Size[m|UNIT] --thinpool LV_thinpool VG | + | |
- | [ -T|--thin ] | + | |
- | [ --type thin ] | + | |
- | [ --discards passdown|nopassdown|ignore ] | + | |
- | [ --errorwhenfull y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a thin LV that is a snapshot of an existing thin LV | + | |
- | (infers --type thin). | + | |
- | lvcreate -s|--snapshot LV_thin | + | |
- | [ --type thin ] | + | |
- | [ --discards passdown|nopassdown|ignore ] | + | |
- | [ --errorwhenfull y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a thin LV that is a snapshot of an external origin LV. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type thin --thinpool LV_thinpool LV | + | |
- | [ -T|--thin ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --discards passdown|nopassdown|ignore ] | + | |
- | [ --errorwhenfull y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a LV that returns VDO when used. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type vdo -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -V|--virtualsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --vdo ] | + | |
- | [ --vdopool LV_new ] | + | |
- | [ --compression y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --deduplication y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a thin LV, first creating a thin pool for it, | + | |
- | where the new thin pool is named by the --thinpool arg. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type thin -V|--virtualsize Size[m|UNIT] -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --thinpool LV_new | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -T|--thin ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --discards passdown|nopassdown|ignore ] | + | |
- | [ --errorwhenfull y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a new LV, then attach the specified cachepool | + | |
- | which converts the new LV to type cache. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type cache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachepool LV_cachepool VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -H|--cache ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | + | |
- | [ --cachepolicy String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a new LV, then attach the specified cachevol | + | |
- | which converts the new LV to type cache. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type cache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachevol LV VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | + | |
- | [ --cachepolicy String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a new LV, then attach a cachevol created from | + | |
- | the specified cache device, which converts the | + | |
- | new LV to type cache. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type cache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachedevice PV VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | + | |
- | [ --cachepolicy String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a new LV, then attach the specified cachevol | + | |
- | which converts the new LV to type writecache. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type writecache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachevol LV VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Create a new LV, then attach a cachevol created from | + | |
- | the specified cache device, which converts the | + | |
- | new LV to type writecache. | + | |
- | lvcreate --type writecache -L|--size Size[m|UNIT] --cachedevice PV VG | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for command: | + | |
- | [ -a|--activate y|n|ay ] | + | |
- | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -C|--contiguous y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -M|--persistent y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -j|--major Number ] | + | |
- | [ -k|--setactivationskip y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -K|--ignoreactivationskip ] | + | |
- | [ -n|--name String ] | + | |
- | [ -p|--permission rw|r ] | + | |
- | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | + | |
- | [ -W|--wipesignatures y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --addtag Tag ] | + | |
- | [ --alloc contiguous|cling|cling_by_tags|normal|anywhere|inherit ] | + | |
- | [ --ignoremonitoring ] | + | |
- | [ --metadataprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --minor Number ] | + | |
- | [ --monitor y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nosync ] | + | |
- | [ --noudevsync ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez maintenant un répertoire dans /mnt pour monter lv0 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkdir /mnt/lvm | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez un système de fichiers en **ext3** sur / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mke2fs -j / | + | |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Creating filesystem with 360448 1k blocks and 90112 inodes | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: 87b6d526-d379-4e0c-8984-94811f1cee33 | + | |
- | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | + | |
- | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Allocating group tables: done | + | |
- | Writing inode tables: done | + | |
- | Creating journal (8192 blocks): done | + | |
- | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Montez votre lv0 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount -t ext3 / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Vous allez maintenant copier le contenu de votre répertoire /home vers /mnt/lvm. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Saisissez donc la commande pour copier le contenu de /home : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cp -a /home /mnt/lvm | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Constatez ensuite le contenu de /mnt/lvm : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l /mnt/lvm | + | |
- | total 14 | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 1024 Apr 20 14:35 home | + | |
- | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 May 26 17:00 lost+found | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Une particularité du volume logique est la capacité de d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# df -h /mnt/lvm | + | |
- | Filesystem | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Dans la cas de notre exemple, la taille est de **333 Mo** avec **17 Mo** occupé. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #4 - Etendre un Volume Logique à Chaud==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour agrandir un volume logique, le paquet **lvm2** contient les commandes **lvextend** et **resize2fs** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvextend -L +100M / | + | |
- | Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 104.00 MiB. | + | |
- | Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from 352.00 MiB (44 extents) to 456.00 MiB (57 extents). | + | |
- | Logical volume vg0/lv0 successfully resized. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Notez que l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **lvextend** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvextend --help | + | |
- | lvextend - Add space to a logical volume | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Extend an LV by a specified size. | + | |
- | lvextend -L|--size [+]Size[m|UNIT] LV | + | |
- | [ -l|--extents [+]Number[PERCENT] ] | + | |
- | [ -r|--resizefs ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize [+]Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Extend an LV by specified PV extents. | + | |
- | lvextend LV PV ... | + | |
- | [ -r|--resizefs ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Extend a pool metadata SubLV by a specified size. | + | |
- | lvextend --poolmetadatasize [+]Size[m|UNIT] LV_thinpool | + | |
- | [ -i|--stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Extend an LV according to a predefined policy. | + | |
- | lvextend --usepolicies LV_snapshot_thinpool | + | |
- | [ -r|--resizefs ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for command: | + | |
- | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -f|--force ] | + | |
- | [ -m|--mirrors Number ] | + | |
- | [ -n|--nofsck ] | + | |
- | [ --alloc contiguous|cling|cling_by_tags|normal|anywhere|inherit ] | + | |
- | [ --nosync ] | + | |
- | [ --noudevsync ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ --type linear|striped|snapshot|mirror|raid|thin|cache|vdo|thin-pool|cache-pool|vdo-pool ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le volume ayant été agrandi, il est necessaire maintenant d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# resize2fs / | + | |
- | resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Filesystem at / | + | |
- | old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2 | + | |
- | The filesystem on / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Constatez maintenant la modification de la taille du volume : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# df -h /mnt/lvm | + | |
- | Filesystem | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Vous noterez que la taille a augmentée mais que les données sont toujours présentes. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #5 - Snapshots==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Un snapshot est un instantané d'un système de fichiers. Dans cet exemple, vous allez créer un snapshot de votre lv0 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Avant de commencer, créez un fichier de 10Mo dans le volume : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dd if=/ | + | |
- | 10+0 records in | + | |
- | 10+0 records out | + | |
- | 10485760 bytes (10 MB, 10 MiB) copied, 0.0281282 s, 373 MB/s | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez maintenant un snapshot : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvcreate -s -L 18M -n testsnap / | + | |
- | Rounding up size to full physical extent 24.00 MiB | + | |
- | Logical volume " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour avoir une confirmation de la création du snapshot, utilisez la commande **lvs** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvs | + | |
- | LV | + | |
- | root | + | |
- | swap | + | |
- | lv0 vg0 owi-aos--- 456.00m | + | |
- | testsnap vg0 swi-a-s--- | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Notez que le snapshot est créé dans le même VG que le LV d' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **lvs** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvs --help | + | |
- | lvs - Display information about logical volumes | + | |
- | + | ||
- | lvs | + | |
- | [ -H|--history ] | + | |
- | [ -a|--all ] | + | |
- | [ -o|--options String ] | + | |
- | [ -S|--select String ] | + | |
- | [ -O|--sort String ] | + | |
- | [ --segments ] | + | |
- | [ --aligned ] | + | |
- | [ --binary ] | + | |
- | [ --configreport log|vg|lv|pv|pvseg|seg ] | + | |
- | [ --foreign ] | + | |
- | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | + | |
- | [ --logonly ] | + | |
- | [ --nameprefixes ] | + | |
- | [ --noheadings ] | + | |
- | [ --nosuffix ] | + | |
- | [ --readonly ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ --rows ] | + | |
- | [ --separator String ] | + | |
- | [ --shared ] | + | |
- | [ --unbuffered ] | + | |
- | [ --units r|R|h|H|b|B|s|S|k|K|m|M|g|G|t|T|p|P|e|E ] | + | |
- | [ --unquoted ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ VG|LV|Tag ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez maintenant un répertoire pour monter le snapshot : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkdir / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Montez le snapshot : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Comparez le volume d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l /mnt/lvm | + | |
- | total 10296 | + | |
- | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10485760 Jun 24 04:41 10M | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 Jun 16 06:39 home | + | |
- | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Jun 24 04:20 lost+found | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l / | + | |
- | total 10296 | + | |
- | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10485760 Jun 24 04:41 10M | + | |
- | drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 1024 Jun 16 06:39 home | + | |
- | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Jun 24 04:20 lost+found | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Supprimez maintenant le fichier **10M** de votre volume d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# rm / | + | |
- | rm: remove regular file '/ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Constatez le résultat de cette suppression : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# df -Ph /mnt/lvm | + | |
- | Filesystem | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# df -Ph / | + | |
- | Filesystem | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvs | + | |
- | LV | + | |
- | root | + | |
- | swap | + | |
- | lv0 vg0 owi-aos--- 456.00m | + | |
- | testsnap vg0 swi-aos--- | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round todo 60%> | + | |
- | **A Faire** - Restaurez le fichier 10M à partir du snapshot. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #6 - Suppression des Volumes==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | La suppression d'un volume logique se fait grace à la commande **lvremove** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# umount / | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvremove / | + | |
- | Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg0/ | + | |
- | Logical volume " | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# umount /mnt/lvm | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvremove / | + | |
- | Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg0/lv0? [y/n]: y | + | |
- | Logical volume " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Notez que cette opération necéssite à ce que le volume logique soit démonté. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **lvremove** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvremove --help | + | |
- | lvremove - Remove logical volume(s) from the system | + | |
- | + | ||
- | lvremove VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -f|--force ] | + | |
- | [ -S|--select String ] | + | |
- | [ --nohistory ] | + | |
- | [ --noudevsync ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le Volume Group peut aussi être supprimé : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgremove vg0 | + | |
- | Volume group " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **vgremove** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgremove --help | + | |
- | vgremove - Remove volume group(s) | + | |
- | + | ||
- | vgremove VG|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ -f|--force ] | + | |
- | [ -S|--select String ] | + | |
- | [ --noudevsync ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Ainsi que le volume physique : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | + | |
- | Labels on physical volume "/ | + | |
- | Labels on physical volume "/ | + | |
- | Labels on physical volume "/ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **pvremove** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# pvremove --help | + | |
- | pvremove - Remove LVM label(s) from physical volume(s) | + | |
- | + | ||
- | pvremove PV ... | + | |
- | [ -f|--force ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #7 - Volumes Logiques en Miroir==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Re-créez maintenant votre Volume Group : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | + | |
- | Physical volume "/ | + | |
- | Physical volume "/ | + | |
- | Physical volume "/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgcreate -s 8M vg0 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | + | |
- | Volume group " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez maintenant un Logical Volume en miroir grâce à l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvcreate -m 1 -L 100M -n lv1 vg0 | + | |
- | Rounding up size to full physical extent 104.00 MiB | + | |
- | Logical volume " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Constatez maintenant la présence du miroir : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvdisplay -m / | + | |
- | --- Logical volume --- | + | |
- | LV Path / | + | |
- | LV Name lv1 | + | |
- | VG Name vg0 | + | |
- | LV UUID lJQQWs-n05T-pxzi-Zq2R-UzRI-kYZf-hsNPYQ | + | |
- | LV Write Access | + | |
- | LV Creation host, time centos8.ittraining.loc, | + | |
- | LV Status | + | |
- | # open 0 | + | |
- | LV Size 104.00 MiB | + | |
- | Current LE 13 | + | |
- | Mirrored volumes | + | |
- | Segments | + | |
- | Allocation | + | |
- | Read ahead sectors | + | |
- | - currently set to | + | |
- | Block device | + | |
- | + | ||
- | --- Segments --- | + | |
- | Logical extents 0 to 12: | + | |
- | Type raid1 | + | |
- | Monitoring monitored | + | |
- | Raid Data LV 0 | + | |
- | Logical volume lv1_rimage_0 | + | |
- | Logical extents 0 to 12 | + | |
- | Raid Data LV 1 | + | |
- | Logical volume lv1_rimage_1 | + | |
- | Logical extents 0 to 12 | + | |
- | Raid Metadata LV 0 lv1_rmeta_0 | + | |
- | Raid Metadata LV 1 lv1_rmeta_1 | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le miroir s' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# pvdisplay -m /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | + | |
- | --- Physical volume --- | + | |
- | PV Name / | + | |
- | VG Name vg0 | + | |
- | PV Size | + | |
- | Allocatable | + | |
- | PE Size 8.00 MiB | + | |
- | Total PE 24 | + | |
- | Free PE 10 | + | |
- | Allocated PE 14 | + | |
- | PV UUID | + | |
- | + | ||
- | --- Physical Segments --- | + | |
- | Physical extent 0 to 0: | + | |
- | Logical volume / | + | |
- | Logical extents 0 to 0 | + | |
- | Physical extent 1 to 13: | + | |
- | Logical volume / | + | |
- | Logical extents 0 to 12 | + | |
- | Physical extent 14 to 23: | + | |
- | FREE | + | |
- | + | ||
- | --- Physical volume --- | + | |
- | PV Name / | + | |
- | VG Name vg0 | + | |
- | PV Size | + | |
- | Allocatable | + | |
- | PE Size 8.00 MiB | + | |
- | Total PE 37 | + | |
- | Free PE 23 | + | |
- | Allocated PE 14 | + | |
- | PV UUID | + | |
- | + | ||
- | --- Physical Segments --- | + | |
- | Physical extent 0 to 0: | + | |
- | Logical volume / | + | |
- | Logical extents 0 to 0 | + | |
- | Physical extent 1 to 13: | + | |
- | Logical volume / | + | |
- | Logical extents 0 to 12 | + | |
- | Physical extent 14 to 36: | + | |
- | FREE | + | |
- | + | ||
- | --- Physical volume --- | + | |
- | PV Name / | + | |
- | VG Name vg0 | + | |
- | PV Size | + | |
- | Allocatable | + | |
- | PE Size 8.00 MiB | + | |
- | Total PE 49 | + | |
- | Free PE 49 | + | |
- | Allocated PE 0 | + | |
- | PV UUID | + | |
- | + | ||
- | --- Physical Segments --- | + | |
- | Physical extent 0 to 48: | + | |
- | FREE | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | La suppression du miroir se fait en utilisant la commande **lvconvert** en indiquant quel volume physique doit être vidé de son contenu : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvconvert -m 0 / | + | |
- | Are you sure you want to convert raid1 LV vg0/lv1 to type linear losing all resilience? [y/n]: y | + | |
- | Logical volume vg0/lv1 successfully converted. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | De même, il est possible de créer un miroir pour un volume logique existant : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvconvert -m 1 / | + | |
- | Are you sure you want to convert linear LV vg0/lv1 to raid1 with 2 images enhancing resilience? [y/n]: y | + | |
- | Logical volume vg0/lv1 successfully converted. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Supprimez de nouveau votre miroir : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvconvert -m 0 / | + | |
- | Are you sure you want to convert raid1 LV vg0/lv1 to type linear losing all resilience? [y/n]: y | + | |
- | Logical volume vg0/lv1 successfully converted. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **lvconvert** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvconvert --help | + | |
- | lvconvert - Change logical volume layout | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert LV to linear. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type linear LV | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert LV to striped. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type striped LV | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--interval Number ] | + | |
- | [ --stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert LV to type mirror (also see type raid1), | + | |
- | lvconvert --type mirror LV | + | |
- | [ -m|--mirrors [+|-]Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--interval Number ] | + | |
- | [ --stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ --mirrorlog core|disk ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert LV to raid or change raid layout | + | |
- | (a specific raid level must be used, e.g. raid1). | + | |
- | lvconvert --type raid LV | + | |
- | [ -m|--mirrors [+|-]Number ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--interval Number ] | + | |
- | [ --stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert LV to raid1 or mirror, or change number of mirror images. | + | |
- | lvconvert -m|--mirrors [+|-]Number LV | + | |
- | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -i|--interval Number ] | + | |
- | [ --mirrorlog core|disk ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert raid LV to change number of stripe images. | + | |
- | lvconvert --stripes Number LV_raid | + | |
- | [ -i|--interval Number ] | + | |
- | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert raid LV to change the stripe size. | + | |
- | lvconvert -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] LV_raid | + | |
- | [ -i|--interval Number ] | + | |
- | [ -R|--regionsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Split images from a raid1 or mirror LV and use them to create a new LV. | + | |
- | lvconvert --splitmirrors Number -n|--name LV_new LV_cache_mirror_raid1 | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Split images from a raid1 LV and track changes to origin for later merge. | + | |
- | lvconvert --splitmirrors Number --trackchanges LV_cache_raid1 | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Merge LV images that were split from a raid1 LV. | + | |
- | lvconvert --mergemirrors VG|LV_linear_raid|Tag ... | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert LV to a thin LV, using the original LV as an external origin. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type thin --thinpool LV LV_linear_striped_thin_cache_raid | + | |
- | [ -T|--thin ] | + | |
- | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --originname LV_new ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadata LV ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --metadataprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Attach a cache pool to an LV, converts the LV to type cache. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type cache --cachepool LV LV_linear_striped_thinpool_vdo_vdopool_vdopooldata_raid | + | |
- | [ -H|--cache ] | + | |
- | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | + | |
- | [ --cachepolicy String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadata LV ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --metadataprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Attach a writecache to an LV, converts the LV to type writecache. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type writecache --cachevol LV LV_linear_striped_raid | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Attach a cache to an LV, converts the LV to type cache. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type cache --cachevol LV LV_linear_striped_thinpool_raid | + | |
- | [ -H|--cache ] | + | |
- | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | + | |
- | [ --cachepolicy String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Add a writecache to an LV, using a specified cache device. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type writecache --cachedevice PV LV_linear_striped_raid | + | |
- | [ --cachesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Add a cache to an LV, using a specified cache device. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type cache --cachedevice PV LV_linear_striped_thinpool_raid | + | |
- | [ --cachesize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert LV to type thin-pool. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type thin-pool LV_linear_striped_cache_raid | + | |
- | [ -I|--stripesize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --stripes Number ] | + | |
- | [ --discards passdown|nopassdown|ignore ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadata LV ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --metadataprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert LV to type cache-pool. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type cache-pool LV_linear_striped_raid | + | |
- | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -r|--readahead auto|none|Number ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemetadataformat auto|1|2 ] | + | |
- | [ --cachemode writethrough|writeback|passthrough ] | + | |
- | [ --cachepolicy String ] | + | |
- | [ --cachesettings String ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadata LV ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --metadataprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convert LV to type vdopool. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type vdo-pool LV_linear_striped_cache_raid | + | |
- | [ -n|--name LV_new ] | + | |
- | [ -V|--virtualsize Size[m|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ --compression y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --deduplication y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Detach a cache from an LV. | + | |
- | lvconvert --splitcache LV_thinpool_cache_cachepool_vdopool_writecache | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Merge thin LV into its origin LV. | + | |
- | lvconvert --mergethin LV_thin ... | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Merge COW snapshot LV into its origin. | + | |
- | lvconvert --mergesnapshot LV_snapshot ... | + | |
- | [ -i|--interval Number ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Combine a former COW snapshot (second arg) with a former | + | |
- | origin LV (first arg) to reverse a splitsnapshot command. | + | |
- | lvconvert --type snapshot LV LV_linear_striped | + | |
- | [ -s|--snapshot ] | + | |
- | [ -c|--chunksize Size[k|UNIT] ] | + | |
- | [ -Z|--zero y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Replace failed PVs in a raid or mirror LV. | + | |
- | Repair a thin pool. | + | |
- | Repair a cache pool. | + | |
- | lvconvert --repair LV_thinpool_cache_cachepool_mirror_raid | + | |
- | [ -i|--interval Number ] | + | |
- | [ --usepolicies ] | + | |
- | [ --poolmetadataspare y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Replace specific PV(s) in a raid LV with another PV. | + | |
- | lvconvert --replace PV LV_raid | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Poll LV to continue conversion. | + | |
- | lvconvert --startpoll LV_mirror_raid | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Add or remove data integrity checksums to raid images. | + | |
- | lvconvert --raidintegrity y|n LV_raid | + | |
- | [ --raidintegritymode String ] | + | |
- | [ --raidintegrityblocksize Number ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | [ PV ... ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for command: | + | |
- | [ -b|--background ] | + | |
- | [ -f|--force ] | + | |
- | [ --alloc contiguous|cling|cling_by_tags|normal|anywhere|inherit ] | + | |
- | [ --noudevsync ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #8 - Modifier les Attributs LVM==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | En cas de présence d'un miroir, la commande **lvs** indique la présence du miroir dans la colonne **Attr** avec la lettre **m** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvs | + | |
- | LV | + | |
- | root cl_centos8 -wi-ao---- | + | |
- | swap cl_centos8 -wi-ao---- | + | |
- | lv1 vg0 -wi-a----- 104.00m | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | Consultez **[[http:// | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | La commande equivalente pour les Volume Groups est **vgs** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgs | + | |
- | VG #PV #LV #SN Attr | + | |
- | cl_centos8 | + | |
- | vg0 3 | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | Consultez **[[http:// | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | La commande equivalente pour les Physical Volumes est **pvs** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# pvs | + | |
- | PV | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | Consultez **[[http:// | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les commandes **lvchange**, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Par exemple, pour rendre inutilisable un Logical Volume, il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvchange -a n / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour faire l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvchange -a y / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **lvchange** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvchange --help | + | |
- | lvchange - Change the attributes of logical volume(s) | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Change a general LV attribute. | + | |
- | For options listed in parentheses, | + | |
- | required, after which the others are optional. | + | |
- | lvchange | + | |
- | ( -C|--contiguous y|n, | + | |
- | -p|--permission rw|r, | + | |
- | -r|--readahead auto|none|Number, | + | |
- | -k|--setactivationskip y|n, | + | |
- | -Z|--zero y|n, | + | |
- | -M|--persistent n, | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ -a|--activate y|n|ay ] | + | |
- | [ --poll y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --monitor y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Resyncronize a mirror or raid LV. | + | |
- | Use to reset ' | + | |
- | lvchange --resync VG|LV_mirror_raid|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ -a|--activate y|n|ay ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Resynchronize or check a raid LV. | + | |
- | lvchange --syncaction check|repair VG|LV_raid|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Reconstruct data on specific PVs of a raid LV. | + | |
- | lvchange --rebuild PV VG|LV_raid|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Activate or deactivate an LV. | + | |
- | lvchange -a|--activate y|n|ay VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ -P|--partial ] | + | |
- | [ -K|--ignoreactivationskip ] | + | |
- | [ --activationmode partial|degraded|complete ] | + | |
- | [ --poll y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --monitor y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --ignorelockingfailure ] | + | |
- | [ --sysinit ] | + | |
- | [ --readonly ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Reactivate an LV using the latest metadata. | + | |
- | lvchange --refresh VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ -P|--partial ] | + | |
- | [ --activationmode partial|degraded|complete ] | + | |
- | [ --poll y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --monitor y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Start or stop monitoring an LV from dmeventd. | + | |
- | lvchange --monitor y|n VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Start or stop processing an LV conversion. | + | |
- | lvchange --poll y|n VG|LV|Tag|Select ... | + | |
- | [ --monitor y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Make the minor device number persistent for an LV. | + | |
- | lvchange -M|--persistent y --minor Number LV | + | |
- | [ -j|--major Number ] | + | |
- | [ -a|--activate y|n|ay ] | + | |
- | [ --poll y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --monitor y|n ] | + | |
- | [ COMMON_OPTIONS ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for command: | + | |
- | [ -A|--autobackup y|n ] | + | |
- | [ -f|--force ] | + | |
- | [ -S|--select String ] | + | |
- | [ --ignoremonitoring ] | + | |
- | [ --noudevsync ] | + | |
- | [ --reportformat basic|json ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Common options for lvm: | + | |
- | [ -d|--debug ] | + | |
- | [ -h|--help ] | + | |
- | [ -q|--quiet ] | + | |
- | [ -v|--verbose ] | + | |
- | [ -y|--yes ] | + | |
- | [ -t|--test ] | + | |
- | [ --commandprofile String ] | + | |
- | [ --config String ] | + | |
- | [ --driverloaded y|n ] | + | |
- | [ --nolocking ] | + | |
- | [ --lockopt String ] | + | |
- | [ --longhelp ] | + | |
- | [ --profile String ] | + | |
- | [ --version ] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Use --longhelp to show all options and advanced commands. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #9 - Volumes Logiques en Bandes==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Un volume logique en bandes est créé pour augmenter, comme dans le cas du RAID, les performances des entrées et sorties. Pour créer ce volume, la commande **lvcreate** prend deux option supplémentaires : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * **-i** - indique le nombre de volumes de bandes, | + | |
- | * **-I** - indique la taille en Ko de chaque bande. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Saisissez donc la commande suivante : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvcreate -i2 -I64 -n lv2 -L 100M vg0 /dev/sdb7 /dev/sdb9 | + | |
- | Rounding up size to full physical extent 104.00 MiB | + | |
- | Rounding size 104.00 MiB (13 extents) up to stripe boundary size 112.00 MiB(14 extents). | + | |
- | Logical volume " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Constatez la présence de vos bandes sur /dev/sda7 et sur /dev/sda9 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvdisplay -m / | + | |
- | --- Logical volume --- | + | |
- | LV Path / | + | |
- | LV Name lv2 | + | |
- | VG Name vg0 | + | |
- | LV UUID MmXbPt-ZF8u-rnIv-3YU9-m64J-RCz2-6NzAuG | + | |
- | LV Write Access | + | |
- | LV Creation host, time centos8.ittraining.loc, | + | |
- | LV Status | + | |
- | # open 0 | + | |
- | LV Size 112.00 MiB | + | |
- | Current LE 14 | + | |
- | Segments | + | |
- | Allocation | + | |
- | Read ahead sectors | + | |
- | - currently set to | + | |
- | Block device | + | |
- | + | ||
- | --- Segments --- | + | |
- | Logical extents 0 to 13: | + | |
- | Type striped | + | |
- | Stripes 2 | + | |
- | Stripe size 64.00 KiB | + | |
- | Stripe 0: | + | |
- | Physical volume / | + | |
- | Physical extents 0 to 6 | + | |
- | Stripe 1: | + | |
- | Physical volume / | + | |
- | Physical extents 0 to 6 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Utilisez maintenant la commande **lvs** pour visualiser les volumes physiques utilisés par le volume logique : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# lvs -o +devices | + | |
- | LV | + | |
- | root cl_centos8 -wi-ao---- | + | |
- | swap cl_centos8 -wi-ao---- | + | |
- | lv1 vg0 -wi-a----- 104.00m | + | |
- | lv2 vg0 -wi-a----- 112.00m | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #10 - Gérer les Métadonnées==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les métadonnées pour chaque Volume Group sont stockés dans un fichier texte au nom du Volume Group dans le répertoire **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | + | |
- | # Generated by LVM2 version 2.03.09(2)-RHEL8 (2020-05-28): | + | |
- | + | ||
- | contents = "Text Format Volume Group" | + | |
- | version = 1 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | description = " | + | |
- | + | ||
- | creation_host = " | + | |
- | creation_time = 1622634458 # | + | |
- | + | ||
- | vg0 { | + | |
- | id = " | + | |
- | seqno = 11 | + | |
- | format = " | + | |
- | status = [" | + | |
- | flags = [] | + | |
- | extent_size = 16384 # 8 Megabytes | + | |
- | max_lv = 0 | + | |
- | max_pv = 0 | + | |
- | metadata_copies = 0 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | physical_volumes { | + | |
- | + | ||
- | pv0 { | + | |
- | id = " | + | |
- | device = "/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | status = [" | + | |
- | flags = [] | + | |
- | dev_size = 409600 # 200 Megabytes | + | |
- | pe_start = 2048 | + | |
- | pe_count = 24 # 192 Megabytes | + | |
- | } | + | |
- | + | ||
- | pv1 { | + | |
- | id = " | + | |
- | device = "/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | status = [" | + | |
- | flags = [] | + | |
- | dev_size = 614400 # 300 Megabytes | + | |
- | pe_start = 2048 | + | |
- | pe_count = 37 # 296 Megabytes | + | |
- | } | + | |
- | + | ||
- | pv2 { | + | |
- | id = " | + | |
- | device = "/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | status = [" | + | |
- | flags = [] | + | |
- | dev_size = 819200 # 400 Megabytes | + | |
- | pe_start = 2048 | + | |
- | pe_count = 49 # 392 Megabytes | + | |
- | } | + | |
- | } | + | |
- | + | ||
- | logical_volumes { | + | |
- | + | ||
- | lv1 { | + | |
- | id = " | + | |
- | status = [" | + | |
- | flags = [] | + | |
- | creation_time = 1622633848 # | + | |
- | creation_host = " | + | |
- | segment_count = 1 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | segment1 { | + | |
- | start_extent = 0 | + | |
- | extent_count = 13 # 104 Megabytes | + | |
- | + | ||
- | type = " | + | |
- | stripe_count = 1 # linear | + | |
- | + | ||
- | stripes = [ | + | |
- | " | + | |
- | ] | + | |
- | } | + | |
- | } | + | |
- | + | ||
- | lv2 { | + | |
- | id = " | + | |
- | status = [" | + | |
- | flags = [] | + | |
- | creation_time = 1622634458 # | + | |
- | creation_host = " | + | |
- | segment_count = 1 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | segment1 { | + | |
- | start_extent = 0 | + | |
- | extent_count = 14 # 112 Megabytes | + | |
- | + | ||
- | type = " | + | |
- | stripe_count = 2 | + | |
- | stripe_size = 128 # 64 Kilobytes | + | |
- | + | ||
- | stripes = [ | + | |
- | " | + | |
- | " | + | |
- | ] | + | |
- | } | + | |
- | } | + | |
- | } | + | |
- | + | ||
- | } | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Des archives sont créées lors de chaque modification d'un groupe de volumes et elles sont placés dans le répertoire **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# ls / | + | |
- | vg0_00000-427117660.vg | + | |
- | vg0_00001-1993147316.vg | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | La commande **vgcfgbackup** est utilisée pour sauvegarder les métadonnées manuellement dans le fichier **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | La commande **vgcfgrestore** permet de restaurer une sauvegarde. Sans l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgcfgbackup vg0 | + | |
- | Volume group " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Il est aussi possible de modifier l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgcfgbackup -f / | + | |
- | Volume group " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Par contre, toute sauvegarde en dehors des répertoires par défaut n'est pas visible dans la sortie de la commande **vgcfgrestore --list** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vgcfgrestore --list vg0 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed May 26 10:43:14 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed May 26 16:56:31 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed May 26 22:12:15 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed May 26 22:19:25 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed May 26 22:38:37 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed May 26 22:42:18 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed May 26 22:43:49 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed Jun 2 07:37:07 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed Jun 2 07:37:28 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed Jun 2 07:41:04 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed Jun 2 07:41:53 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed Jun 2 07:42:23 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed Jun 2 07:47:38 2021 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | File: | + | |
- | VG name: vg0 | + | |
- | Description: | + | |
- | Backup Time: Wed Jun 2 07:50:57 2021 | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Systèmes de Fichiers Journalisés===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Présentation==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Un journal est la partie d'un système de fichiers journalisé qui trace les opérations d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | L' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Sans un tel fichier journal, un outil de récupération de données après un arrêt brutal doit parcourir l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Linux peut utiliser un des systèmes de fichiers journalisés suivants : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ^ Système de fichier ^ Taille maximum - fichier ^ Taille maximum - système de fichier ^ | + | |
- | | **[[http:// | + | |
- | | **[[http:// | + | |
- | | **[[http:// | + | |
- | | **[[http:// | + | |
- | | **[[http:// | + | |
- | | **[[https:// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round todo 60%> | + | |
- | **A faire** : Pour comparer ces six systèmes de fichier, veuillez consulter **[[http:// | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Ext3==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Ext3 est une évolution de Ext2 et a pour principale différence d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * être utilisé à partir d'une partition Ext2, sans avoir à sauvegarder et à restaurer des données, | + | |
- | * utiliser tous les utilitaires de maintenance pour les systèmes de fichiers ext2, comme fsck, | + | |
- | * utiliser le logiciel dump, ce qui n'est pas le cas avec %%ReiserFS%%. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour plus d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Gestion d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Notez maintenant le numéro de la dernière partition que vous avez précédemment créée : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# fdisk -l | + | |
- | Disk /dev/sdb: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/ | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/ | + | |
- | Disklabel type: dos | + | |
- | Disk identifier: 0xb0dacb39 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Device | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/ | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/ | + | |
- | Disklabel type: dos | + | |
- | Disk identifier: 0x70b17285 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Device | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | Disk / | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/ | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | Disk / | + | |
- | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | + | |
- | Sector size (logical/ | + | |
- | I/O size (minimum/ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez un filesystem Ext3 sur /dev/sdb12 en utilisant la commande **mke2fs -j** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mke2fs -j / | + | |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: a2515f45-a32a-4e87-b7e6-170448f3f803 | + | |
- | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | + | |
- | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Allocating group tables: done | + | |
- | Writing inode tables: done | + | |
- | Creating journal (4096 blocks): done | + | |
- | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de la commande **mke2fs** sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mke2fs --help | + | |
- | mke2fs: invalid option -- ' | + | |
- | Usage: mke2fs [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size] | + | |
- | [-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options] | + | |
- | [-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes] [-d root-directory] | + | |
- | [-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os] | + | |
- | [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory] | + | |
- | [-O feature[, | + | |
- | [-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-e errors_behavior][-z undo_file] | + | |
- | [-jnqvDFSV] device [blocks-count] | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Lors de la mise en place d'un filesystem ext2/ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #11 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext2=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour vérifier si un système de fichiers Ext2 est journalisé, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dumpe2fs -h / | + | |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Filesystem volume name: < | + | |
- | Last mounted on: <not available> | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: a2515f45-a32a-4e87-b7e6-170448f3f803 | + | |
- | Filesystem magic number: | + | |
- | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | + | |
- | Filesystem features: | + | |
- | Filesystem flags: | + | |
- | Default mount options: | + | |
- | Filesystem state: | + | |
- | Errors behavior: | + | |
- | Filesystem OS type: | + | |
- | Inode count: | + | |
- | Block count: | + | |
- | Reserved block count: | + | |
- | Free blocks: | + | |
- | Free inodes: | + | |
- | First block: | + | |
- | Block size: | + | |
- | Fragment size: 1024 | + | |
- | Reserved GDT blocks: | + | |
- | Blocks per group: | + | |
- | Fragments per group: | + | |
- | Inodes per group: | + | |
- | Inode blocks per group: | + | |
- | Filesystem created: | + | |
- | Last mount time: n/a | + | |
- | Last write time: Wed Jun 2 07:55:24 2021 | + | |
- | Mount count: | + | |
- | Maximum mount count: | + | |
- | Last checked: | + | |
- | Check interval: | + | |
- | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | + | |
- | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | + | |
- | First inode: | + | |
- | Inode size: | + | |
- | Journal inode: | + | |
- | Default directory hash: | + | |
- | Directory Hash Seed: faee0b81-0538-4c06-8d86-468bc0c760ac | + | |
- | Journal backup: | + | |
- | Journal features: | + | |
- | Journal size: | + | |
- | Journal length: | + | |
- | Journal sequence: | + | |
- | Journal start: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Le drapeau **Filesystem features: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dumpe2fs --help | + | |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | dumpe2fs: invalid option -- ' | + | |
- | Usage: dumpe2fs [-bfghimxV] [-o superblock=< | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour supprimer le journal du système de fichier Ext3 sur cette partition, il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# tune2fs -O ^has_journal / | + | |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# tune2fs --help | + | |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | tune2fs: invalid option -- ' | + | |
- | Usage: tune2fs [-c max_mounts_count] [-e errors_behavior] [-f] [-g group] | + | |
- | [-i interval[d|m|w]] [-j] [-J journal_options] [-l] | + | |
- | [-m reserved_blocks_percent] [-o [^]mount_options[, | + | |
- | [-r reserved_blocks_count] [-u user] [-C mount_count] | + | |
- | [-L volume_label] [-M last_mounted_dir] | + | |
- | [-O [^]feature[, | + | |
- | [-E extended-option[, | + | |
- | [-I new_inode_size] [-z undo_file] device | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Constatez le résultat de cette commande : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dumpe2fs -h / | + | |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Filesystem volume name: < | + | |
- | Last mounted on: <not available> | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: a2515f45-a32a-4e87-b7e6-170448f3f803 | + | |
- | Filesystem magic number: | + | |
- | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | + | |
- | Filesystem features: | + | |
- | Filesystem flags: | + | |
- | Default mount options: | + | |
- | Filesystem state: | + | |
- | Errors behavior: | + | |
- | Filesystem OS type: | + | |
- | Inode count: | + | |
- | Block count: | + | |
- | Reserved block count: | + | |
- | Free blocks: | + | |
- | Free inodes: | + | |
- | First block: | + | |
- | Block size: | + | |
- | Fragment size: 1024 | + | |
- | Reserved GDT blocks: | + | |
- | Blocks per group: | + | |
- | Fragments per group: | + | |
- | Inodes per group: | + | |
- | Inode blocks per group: | + | |
- | Filesystem created: | + | |
- | Last mount time: n/a | + | |
- | Last write time: Wed Jun 2 07:59:01 2021 | + | |
- | Mount count: | + | |
- | Maximum mount count: | + | |
- | Last checked: | + | |
- | Check interval: | + | |
- | Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) | + | |
- | Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) | + | |
- | First inode: | + | |
- | Inode size: | + | |
- | Default directory hash: | + | |
- | Directory Hash Seed: faee0b81-0538-4c06-8d86-468bc0c760ac | + | |
- | Journal backup: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Notez que le drapeau **Filesystem features: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Supprimez maintenant l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# fsck / | + | |
- | fsck from util-linux 2.32.1 | + | |
- | e2fsck 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | /dev/sdb12: clean, 11/51200 files, 8013/204800 blocks | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez maintenant un point de montage pour /dev/sdb12 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkdir / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Essayez de monter /dev/sdb12 en tant que système de fichiers Ext3. Vous obtiendrez un résultat similaire à celui-ci : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb12 / | + | |
- | mount: /mnt/sdb12: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb12, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Notez l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Montez maintenant le système de fichiers en tant que Ext2 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount -t ext2 /dev/sdb12 / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #12 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext2 en Ext3=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour replacer le journal sur /dev/sdb12, il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# umount / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# tune2fs -j / | + | |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Creating journal inode: done | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Notez que vous avez du démonter la partition avant d' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #13 - Placer le Journal sur un autre Partition=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le journal d'un système de fichiers peut être placé sur un autre périphérique bloc. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez un système de fichiers sur /dev/sdb11 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mke2fs -O journal_dev / | + | |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Creating filesystem with 512000 1k blocks and 0 inodes | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: 23327281-e88a-4da0-bafa-50ee10c52937 | + | |
- | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Zeroing journal device: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Notez l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez maintenant un système de fichiers Ext3 sur /dev/sdb12 en plaçant le journal sur /dev/sdb11 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mke2fs -j -J device=/ | + | |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Using journal device' | + | |
- | /dev/sdb12 contains a ext3 file system | + | |
- | last mounted on Wed Jun 2 08:03:11 2021 | + | |
- | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | + | |
- | Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: 0e783411-6407-4cba-8db5-0e2729000c9e | + | |
- | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | + | |
- | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Allocating group tables: done | + | |
- | Writing inode tables: done | + | |
- | Adding journal to device /dev/sdb11: done | + | |
- | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Notez que le journal a été placé sur /dev/sdb11 graĉe à l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #14 - Modifier la Fréquence de Vérification du Système de Fichiers Ext3=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour modifier la fréquence de vérification du système de fichiers sur /dev/sdb12, il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# tune2fs -i 100d / | + | |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Setting interval between checks to 8640000 seconds | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Dernièrement, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb12 | grep UUID | + | |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: 0e783411-6407-4cba-8db5-0e2729000c9e | + | |
- | Journal UUID: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Ext4==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le système de fichiers **Ext4** a été introduit dans le noyau **2.6.19** en mode expérimental et est devenu stable dans le noyau **2.6.28**. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Ext4 n'est pas une évolution de Ext3. Cependant il a une compatibilité ascendante avec Ext3. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les fonctionnalités majeures d'Ext4 sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * la gestion des volumes d'une taille allant jusqu' | + | |
- | * l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | L' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | La compatibilité ascendante avec ext3 comprend : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * la possibilité de monter une partition Ext3 en tant que partition Ext4, | + | |
- | * la possibilité de monter une partition Ext4 en tant que partition Ext3 mais **uniquement** dans le cas où la partition Ext4 n'ait jamais utilisé l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour plus d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #15 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Ext4=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez un système de fichiers Ext4 sur **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.ext4 / | + | |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | /dev/sdb11 contains a jbd file system | + | |
- | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | + | |
- | Creating filesystem with 512000 1k blocks and 128016 inodes | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: 72a6ad08-7023-4561-adcb-d434e00afed1 | + | |
- | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | + | |
- | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Allocating group tables: done | + | |
- | Writing inode tables: done | + | |
- | Creating journal (8192 blocks): done | + | |
- | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.ext4 --help | + | |
- | mkfs.ext4: invalid option -- ' | + | |
- | Usage: mkfs.ext4 [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size] | + | |
- | [-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options] | + | |
- | [-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes] [-d root-directory] | + | |
- | [-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os] | + | |
- | [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory] | + | |
- | [-O feature[, | + | |
- | [-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-e errors_behavior][-z undo_file] | + | |
- | [-jnqvDFSV] device [blocks-count] | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Consultez maintenant les caractéristiques du système de fichier : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb11 | more | + | |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Filesystem volume name: < | + | |
- | Last mounted on: <not available> | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: 72a6ad08-7023-4561-adcb-d434e00afed1 | + | |
- | Filesystem magic number: | + | |
- | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | + | |
- | Filesystem features: | + | |
- | xtent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize meta | + | |
- | data_csum | + | |
- | Filesystem flags: | + | |
- | Default mount options: | + | |
- | Filesystem state: | + | |
- | Errors behavior: | + | |
- | Filesystem OS type: | + | |
- | Inode count: | + | |
- | Block count: | + | |
- | Reserved block count: | + | |
- | Free blocks: | + | |
- | Free inodes: | + | |
- | First block: | + | |
- | Block size: | + | |
- | Fragment size: 1024 | + | |
- | Group descriptor size: 64 | + | |
- | Reserved GDT blocks: | + | |
- | --More-- | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #16 - Ajouter une Etiquette au Système de Fichiers Ext4=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Utilisez la commande **e2label** pour associer une étiquette au système de fichiers : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# e2label /dev/sdb11 my_ext4 | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb11 | more | + | |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Filesystem volume name: | + | |
- | Last mounted on: <not available> | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: 72a6ad08-7023-4561-adcb-d434e00afed1 | + | |
- | Filesystem magic number: | + | |
- | Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) | + | |
- | Filesystem features: | + | |
- | xtent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize meta | + | |
- | data_csum | + | |
- | Filesystem flags: | + | |
- | Default mount options: | + | |
- | Filesystem state: | + | |
- | Errors behavior: | + | |
- | Filesystem OS type: | + | |
- | Inode count: | + | |
- | Block count: | + | |
- | Reserved block count: | + | |
- | Free blocks: | + | |
- | Free inodes: | + | |
- | First block: | + | |
- | Block size: | + | |
- | Fragment size: 1024 | + | |
- | Group descriptor size: 64 | + | |
- | Reserved GDT blocks: | + | |
- | --More-- | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Notez que l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez un point de montage dans **/mnt** et essayez de monter **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkdir / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb11 / | + | |
- | mount: /mnt/sdb11: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb11, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Notez l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Montez de nouveau la partition **sans** stipuler le type de système de fichiers : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount /dev/sdb11 / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount | grep sdb11 | + | |
- | /dev/sdb11 on /mnt/sdb11 type ext4 (rw, | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Constatez que la partition a été monté en tant qu' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #17 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext4=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez un système de fichiers ext3 sur /dev/sdb12 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.ext3 / | + | |
- | mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | /dev/sdb12 contains a ext3 file system | + | |
- | created on Wed Jun 2 08:10:40 2021 | + | |
- | Proceed anyway? (y,N) y | + | |
- | Creating filesystem with 204800 1k blocks and 51200 inodes | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: b73322d4-f2e4-43bc-96ae-422d4584f3de | + | |
- | Superblock backups stored on blocks: | + | |
- | 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Allocating group tables: done | + | |
- | Writing inode tables: done | + | |
- | Creating journal (4096 blocks): done | + | |
- | Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Montez maintenant **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount /dev/sdb12 / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l / | + | |
- | total 12 | + | |
- | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Jun 2 08:42 lost+found | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez le fichier **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# touch / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Injectez la chaine **check file** dans le fichier / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# echo "check file" > / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# umount / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Exécutez e2fsck sur /dev/sda12 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# e2fsck / | + | |
- | e2fsck 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | /dev/sdb12: clean, 12/51200 files, 12128/ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Convertissez /dev/sdb12 en Ext4 : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# tune2fs -O extents, | + | |
- | tune2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Optimisez le système de fichiers : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# e2fsck -fDC0 / | + | |
- | e2fsck 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes | + | |
- | Pass 2: Checking directory structure | + | |
- | Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity | + | |
- | Pass 3A: Optimizing directories | + | |
- | Pass 4: Checking reference counts | + | |
- | Pass 5: Checking group summary information | + | |
- | + | ||
- | /dev/sdb12: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** | + | |
- | /dev/sdb12: 12/51200 files (0.0% non-contiguous), | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Essayez de monter **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb12 / | + | |
- | mount: /mnt/sdb12: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb12, missing codepage or helper program, or other error. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Montez /dev/sdb12 sans spécifier le type de fichiers Ext3 et vérifiez le contenu du fichier **check_file** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount /dev/sdb12 / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l / | + | |
- | total 14 | + | |
- | -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11 Jun 2 08:45 check_file | + | |
- | drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Jun 2 08:42 lost+found | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | + | |
- | check file | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Dernièrement, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb11 | grep UUID | + | |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: 72a6ad08-7023-4561-adcb-d434e00afed1 | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sdb12 | grep UUID | + | |
- | dumpe2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020) | + | |
- | Filesystem UUID: b73322d4-f2e4-43bc-96ae-422d4584f3de | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====XFS==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | XFS est un système de fichiers 64-bit journalisé de haute performance crée par SGI pour son système d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Le système de fichiers XFS permet l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour plus d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #18 - Créer un Système de Fichiers XFS=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Démontez **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# umount / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez un système de fichiers XFS sur la partition **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f / | + | |
- | meta-data=/ | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | data | + | |
- | | + | |
- | naming | + | |
- | log =internal log | + | |
- | | + | |
- | realtime =none | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Notez l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.xfs --help | + | |
- | mkfs.xfs: invalid option -- ' | + | |
- | unknown option -- | + | |
- | Usage: mkfs.xfs | + | |
- | /* blocksize */ [-b size=num] | + | |
- | /* metadata */ [-m crc=0|1, | + | |
- | /* data subvol */ [-d agcount=n, | + | |
- | (sunit=value, | + | |
- | sectsize=num | + | |
- | /* force overwrite */ [-f] | + | |
- | /* inode size */ [-i log=n|perblock=n|size=num, | + | |
- | projid32bit=0|1, | + | |
- | /* no discard */ [-K] | + | |
- | /* log subvol */ [-l agnum=n, | + | |
- | sunit=value|su=num, | + | |
- | /* label */ [-L label (maximum 12 characters)] | + | |
- | /* naming */ [-n size=num, | + | |
- | /* no-op info only */ [-N] | + | |
- | /* prototype file */ [-p fname] | + | |
- | /* quiet */ [-q] | + | |
- | /* realtime subvol */ [-r extsize=num, | + | |
- | /* sectorsize */ [-s size=num] | + | |
- | /* version */ [-V] | + | |
- | devicename | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | <num> is xxx (bytes), xxxs (sectors), xxxb (fs blocks), xxxk (xxx KiB), | + | |
- | xxxm (xxx MiB), xxxg (xxx GiB), xxxt (xxx TiB) or xxxp (xxx PiB). | + | |
- | < | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Consultez maintenant les caractéristiques du système de fichier : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_info / | + | |
- | meta-data=/ | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | data | + | |
- | | + | |
- | naming | + | |
- | log =internal log | + | |
- | | + | |
- | realtime =none | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_info --help | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | Usage: xfs_info [-V] [-t mtab] [mountpoint|device|file] | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===LAB #19 - Ajouter une Etiquette au Système de Fichiers XFS=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Utilisez la commande **xfs_admin** pour associer une étiquette au système de fichiers : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_admin -L my_xfs / | + | |
- | xfs_admin: /dev/sdb12 contains a mounted filesystem | + | |
- | + | ||
- | fatal error -- couldn' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# umount / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_admin -L my_xfs / | + | |
- | writing all SBs | + | |
- | new label = " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Notez que la partition XFS doit être démonté pour pouvoir utiliser la commande **xfs_admin**. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour voir l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_admin -l / | + | |
- | label = " | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Notez que l' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_admin --help | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | Usage: xfs_admin [-efjlpuV] [-c 0|1] [-L label] [-U uuid] device | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Dernièrement, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# xfs_admin -u / | + | |
- | UUID = 15db1b62-0866-4aa4-9ac1-3ac325a4e20f | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - La commande **xfs_metadump** est utilisée pour sauvegarder les méta-données du système de fichiers, tandis que la commande **xfs_mdrestore** est utilisée pour restaurer les les méta-données du système de fichiers. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Autres Systèmes de Fichiers===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** - Veuillez noter que le support des systèmes de fichiers **ReiserFS**, | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====ReiserFS==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | %%ReiserFS%% permet : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * de meilleurs temps d' | + | |
- | * une plus grande efficacité pour ce qui concerne le stockage des fichiers moins de quelques ko. Le gain d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour plus d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====JFS==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | JFS //Journaled File System// est un système de fichiers journalisé mis au point par IBM et disponible sous licence GPL. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour plus d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Btrfs==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | **[[https:// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | A noter sont les points suivants : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * Btrfs utilise des extents, | + | |
- | * Btrfs stocke les données des très petits fichiers directement dans l' | + | |
- | * Btrfs gère une notion de « sous-volumes » permettant ainsi des snapshots, | + | |
- | * Btrfs possède ses techniques propres de protection des données, | + | |
- | * Btrfs permet de redimensionner à chaud la taille du système de fichiers, | + | |
- | * Btrfs gère le RAID 0 ainsi que le RAID 1 logiciel, | + | |
- | * Btrfs gère la comprssion du système de fichiers. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Comparaison des Commandes par Système de Fichiers===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ^ Description ^ Ext3 ^ Ext4 ^ XFS ^ ReiserFS ^ JFS ^ Btrfs ^ | + | |
- | | Build a Linux filesystem | mkfs.ext3 (mke2fs -j) | mkfs.ext4 (mke4fs) | mkfs.xfs | mkfs.reiserfs (mkreiserfs) | mkfs.jfs (jfs_mkfs) | mkfs.btrfs | | + | |
- | | Check a Linux filesystem | e2fsck | e2fsck | xfs_check / xfs_repair | reiserfsck | jfs_fsck | btrfsck | | + | |
- | | Adjust tunable filesystem parameters Linux filesystems | tune2fs | tune2fs | xfs_admin | reiserfstune | jfs_tune | btrfs-show-super, | + | |
- | | File system resizer | resize2fs | resize2fs | xfs_growfs | resize_reiserfs | S/O | btrfs filesystem resize | | + | |
- | | Dump filesystem information | dumpe2fs | dumpe2fs | xfs_info / xfs_metadump | debugreiserfs | jfs_tune | btrfstune | | + | |
- | | File system debugger | debugfs | debugfs | xfs_db | debugreiserfs | jfs_debugfs | btrfs-debug-tree | | + | |
- | | Change the label on a filesystem | e2label | e2label | xfs_admin | reiserfstune | jfs_tune | btrfs filesystem label | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====LAB #20 - Créer un Système de Fichiers ISO===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====La Commande mkisofs==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour créer un fichier ISO à partir d'une arborescence de fichiers, il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cd /tmp | + | |
- | [root@centos8 tmp]# mkisofs -r -T -o tmp.iso . | + | |
- | I: -input-charset not specified, using utf-8 (detected in locale settings) | + | |
- | Total translation table size: 1827 | + | |
- | Total rockridge attributes bytes: 1976 | + | |
- | Total directory bytes: 14336 | + | |
- | Path table size(bytes): | + | |
- | Max brk space used 1c000 | + | |
- | 186 extents written (0 MB) | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le fichier ISO peut être monter en utilisant un périphérique de type **loop** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 tmp]# mount tmp.iso /mnt -o loop | + | |
- | mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, | + | |
- | [root@centos8 tmp]# ls /mnt | + | |
- | systemd-private-192104a9224f499286f5adb5754e9e04-chronyd.service-FI2YXs | + | |
- | [root@centos8 tmp]# ls | + | |
- | systemd-private-192104a9224f499286f5adb5754e9e04-chronyd.service-FI2YXs | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Démontez maintenant le fichier ISO : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 tmp]# cd ~ | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# umount / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Options de la Commande mkisofs==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Les options de cette commande sont : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkisofs --help | + | |
- | Usage: genisoimage [options] file... | + | |
- | Options: | + | |
- | -nobak | + | |
- | -no-bak | + | |
- | -abstract FILE Set Abstract filename | + | |
- | -A ID, -appid ID Set Application ID | + | |
- | -biblio FILE Set Bibliographic filename | + | |
- | -cache-inodes | + | |
- | -no-cache-inodes | + | |
- | -check-oldnames | + | |
- | -check-session FILE Check all ISO9660 names from previous session | + | |
- | -copyright FILE Set Copyright filename | + | |
- | -debug | + | |
- | -b FILE, -eltorito-boot FILE | + | |
- | Set El Torito boot image name | + | |
- | -e FILE, -efi-boot FILE Set EFI boot image name | + | |
- | -eltorito-alt-boot | + | |
- | -B FILES, -sparc-boot FILES Set sparc boot image names | + | |
- | -sunx86-boot FILES Set sunx86 boot image names | + | |
- | -G FILE, -generic-boot FILE Set generic boot image name | + | |
- | -sparc-label label text Set sparc boot disk label | + | |
- | -sunx86-label label text Set sunx86 boot disk label | + | |
- | -c FILE, -eltorito-catalog FILE | + | |
- | Set El Torito boot catalog name | + | |
- | -C PARAMS, -cdrecord-params PARAMS | + | |
- | Magic paramters from cdrecord | + | |
- | -d, -omit-period | + | |
- | -dir-mode mode Make the mode of all directories this mode. | + | |
- | -D, -disable-deep-relocation | + | |
- | Disable deep directory relocation (violates ISO9660) | + | |
- | -file-mode mode Make the mode of all plain files this mode. | + | |
- | -f, -follow-links | + | |
- | -gid gid Make the group owner of all files this gid. | + | |
- | -graft-points | + | |
- | -root DIR Set root directory for all new files and directories | + | |
- | -old-root DIR Set root directory in previous session that is searched for files | + | |
- | -help Print option help | + | |
- | -hide GLOBFILE | + | |
- | -hide-list FILE File with list of ISO9660/RR files to hide | + | |
- | -hidden GLOBFILE | + | |
- | -hidden-list FILE File with list of ISO9660 files with hidden attribute | + | |
- | -hide-joliet GLOBFILE | + | |
- | -hide-joliet-list FILE File with list of Joliet files to hide | + | |
- | -hide-joliet-trans-tbl | + | |
- | -hide-rr-moved | + | |
- | -gui Switch behaviour for GUI | + | |
- | -i ADD_FILES | + | |
- | -input-charset CHARSET | + | |
- | -output-charset CHARSET | + | |
- | -iso-level LEVEL Set ISO9660 conformance level (1..3) or 4 for ISO9660 version 2 | + | |
- | -J, -joliet | + | |
- | -joliet-long | + | |
- | -jcharset CHARSET | + | |
- | -l, -full-iso9660-filenames Allow full 31 character filenames for ISO9660 names | + | |
- | -max-iso9660-filenames | + | |
- | -allow-limited-size | + | |
- | -allow-leading-dots | + | |
- | -ldots | + | |
- | -L, -allow-leading-dots | + | |
- | -log-file LOG_FILE | + | |
- | -m GLOBFILE, -exclude GLOBFILE | + | |
- | Exclude file name | + | |
- | -exclude-list FILE File with list of file names to exclude | + | |
- | -pad Pad output to a multiple of 32k (default) | + | |
- | -no-pad | + | |
- | -M FILE, -prev-session FILE Set path to previous session to merge | + | |
- | -dev SCSIdev | + | |
- | -N, -omit-version-number | + | |
- | -new-dir-mode mode Mode used when creating new directories. | + | |
- | -force-rr | + | |
- | -no-rr | + | |
- | -no-split-symlink-components | + | |
- | Inhibit splitting symlink components | + | |
- | -no-split-symlink-fields | + | |
- | -o FILE, -output FILE Set output file name | + | |
- | -path-list FILE File with list of pathnames to process | + | |
- | -p PREP, -preparer PREP Set Volume preparer | + | |
- | -print-size | + | |
- | -publisher PUB Set Volume publisher | + | |
- | -P PUB, -publisher PUB Set Volume publisher | + | |
- | -quiet | + | |
- | -r, -rational-rock | + | |
- | -R, -rock | + | |
- | -s TYPE, -sectype TYPE Set output sector type to e.g. data/ | + | |
- | -alpha-boot FILE Set alpha boot image name (relative to image root) | + | |
- | -hppa-cmdline CMDLINE | + | |
- | -hppa-kernel-32 FILE Set hppa 32-bit image name (relative to image root) | + | |
- | -hppa-kernel-64 FILE Set hppa 64-bit image name (relative to image root) | + | |
- | -hppa-bootloader FILE Set hppa boot loader file name (relative to image root) | + | |
- | -hppa-ramdisk FILE Set hppa ramdisk file name (relative to image root) | + | |
- | -mips-boot FILE Set mips boot image name (relative to image root) | + | |
- | -mipsel-boot FILE Set mipsel boot image name (relative to image root) | + | |
- | -jigdo-jigdo FILE | + | |
- | -jigdo-template FILE Produce a jigdo .template file as well as the .iso | + | |
- | -jigdo-min-file-size SIZE | + | |
- | -jigdo-force-md5 PATTERN | + | |
- | -jigdo-exclude PATTERN | + | |
- | -jigdo-map PATTERN1=PATTERN2 | + | |
- | Pattern(s) to map paths (e.g. Debian=/ | + | |
- | -md5-list FILE File containing MD5 sums of the files that should be checked | + | |
- | -jigdo-template-compress ALGORITHM | + | |
- | Choose to use gzip or bzip2 compression for template data; default is gzip | + | |
- | -checksum_algorithm_iso alg1, | + | |
- | Specify the checksum types desired for the output image | + | |
- | -checksum_algorithm_template alg1, | + | |
- | Specify the checksum types desired for the output jigdo template | + | |
- | -sort FILE Sort file content locations according to rules in FILE | + | |
- | -split-output | + | |
- | -stream-file-name FILE_NAME Set the stream file ISO9660 name (incl. version) | + | |
- | -stream-media-size # Set the size of your CD media in sectors | + | |
- | -sysid ID Set System ID | + | |
- | -T, -translation-table | + | |
- | -table-name TABLE_NAME | + | |
- | -ucs-level LEVEL Set Joliet UCS level (1..3) | + | |
- | -udf Generate UDF file system | + | |
- | -dvd-video | + | |
- | -uid uid Make the owner of all files this uid. | + | |
- | -U, -untranslated-filenames Allow Untranslated filenames (for HPUX & AIX - violates ISO9660). Forces -l, -d, -N, -allow-leading-dots, | + | |
- | -relaxed-filenames | + | |
- | -no-iso-translate | + | |
- | -allow-lowercase | + | |
- | -allow-multidot | + | |
- | -use-fileversion LEVEL Use file version # from filesystem | + | |
- | -v, -verbose | + | |
- | -version | + | |
- | -V ID, -volid ID Set Volume ID | + | |
- | -volset ID Set Volume set ID | + | |
- | -volset-size # Set Volume set size | + | |
- | -volset-seqno # Set Volume set sequence number | + | |
- | -x FILE, -old-exclude FILE Exclude file name(depreciated) | + | |
- | -hard-disk-boot | + | |
- | -no-emul-boot | + | |
- | -no-boot | + | |
- | -boot-load-seg # Set load segment for boot image | + | |
- | -boot-load-size # Set numbers of load sectors | + | |
- | -boot-info-table | + | |
- | -XA | + | |
- | -xa | + | |
- | -z, -transparent-compression | + | |
- | Enable transparent compression of files | + | |
- | -hfs-type TYPE Set HFS default TYPE | + | |
- | -hfs-creator CREATOR | + | |
- | -g, -apple | + | |
- | -h, -hfs Create ISO9660/HFS hybrid | + | |
- | -map MAPPING_FILE | + | |
- | -H MAPPING_FILE, | + | |
- | Map file extensions to HFS TYPE/ | + | |
- | -magic FILE Magic file for HFS TYPE/ | + | |
- | -probe | + | |
- | -mac-name | + | |
- | -no-mac-files | + | |
- | -boot-hfs-file FILE Set HFS boot image name | + | |
- | -part | + | |
- | -cluster-size SIZE Cluster size for PC Exchange Macintosh files | + | |
- | -auto FILE Set HFS AutoStart file name | + | |
- | -no-desktop | + | |
- | -hide-hfs GLOBFILE | + | |
- | -hide-hfs-list FILE List of HFS files to hide | + | |
- | -hfs-volid HFS_VOLID | + | |
- | -icon-position | + | |
- | -root-info FILE | + | |
- | -input-hfs-charset CHARSET | + | |
- | -output-hfs-charset CHARSET Output charset for HFS file name conversion | + | |
- | -hfs-unlock | + | |
- | -hfs-bless FOLDER_NAME | + | |
- | -hfs-parms PARAMETERS | + | |
- | -prep-boot FILE PReP boot image file -- up to 4 are allowed | + | |
- | -chrp-boot | + | |
- | --cap Look for AUFS CAP Macintosh files | + | |
- | --netatalk | + | |
- | --double | + | |
- | --ethershare | + | |
- | --exchange | + | |
- | --sgi Look for SGI Macintosh files | + | |
- | --macbin | + | |
- | --single | + | |
- | --ushare | + | |
- | --xinet | + | |
- | --dave | + | |
- | --sfm Look for SFM Macintosh files | + | |
- | --osx-double | + | |
- | --osx-hfs | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Report problems to debburn-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Systèmes de Fichiers Chiffrés sous RHEL/CentOS 8===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====LAB #21 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Chiffré avec LUKS sous RHEL/CentOS 8===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Présentation=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | **LUKS** ( Linux Unified Key Setup ) permet de chiffrer l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Mise en Place=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Remplissez la partition /dev/sdb12 avec des données aléatoires : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# shred -v --iterations=1 / | + | |
- | shred: /dev/sdb12: pass 1/1 (random)... | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : L' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Initialisez la partition avec LUKS : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cryptsetup --verbose --verify-passphrase luksFormat / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | WARNING! | + | |
- | ======== | + | |
- | This will overwrite data on /dev/sdb12 irrevocably. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Are you sure? (Type ' | + | |
- | Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb12: fenestros123456789 | + | |
- | Verify passphrase: fenestros123456789 | + | |
- | Key slot 0 created. | + | |
- | Command successful. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : La passphrase ne sera pas en claire. Elle l'est ici pour vous montrer un mot de passe acceptable pour LUKS. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Ouvrez la partition LUKS en lui donnant le nom **sdb12** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdb12 sdb12 | + | |
- | Enter passphrase for /dev/sdb12: fenestros123456789 | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Vérifiez que le système voit la partition : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# ls -l /dev/mapper | grep sdb12 | + | |
- | lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jun 2 10:03 sdb12 -> ../dm-2 | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Créez maintenant un système de fichiers sur **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.xfs / | + | |
- | meta-data=/ | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | data | + | |
- | | + | |
- | naming | + | |
- | log =internal log | + | |
- | | + | |
- | realtime =none | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Montez la partition LUKS : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# mount / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Vérifiez la présence du montage : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# df -h | grep sdb12 | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Editez le fichier **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vi / | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | + | |
- | sdb12 /dev/sdb12 none | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Modifiez le fichier **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vi / | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | # | + | |
- | # / | + | |
- | # Created by anaconda on Fri May 8 07:35:23 2020 | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # Accessible filesystems, | + | |
- | # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # After editing this file, run ' | + | |
- | # units generated from this file. | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | UUID=4c0cc28c-0d59-45be-bd73-d292b80be33c / | + | |
- | UUID=2ae4c035-9244-458c-82c5-a49ae169cdb6 /boot | + | |
- | UUID=c8bb3f47-d67f-4b21-b781-766899dc83d4 swap swap defaults | + | |
- | / | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Restaurer les SC par défaut de SELinux : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# / | + | |
- | Relabeled /mnt/sdb12 from system_u: | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Redémarrez votre machine virtuelle : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# shutdown -r now | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Lors du démarrage de la machine virtuelle, le système devrait vous demander d' | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Ajouter une deuxième Passphrase=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour ajouter une deuxième passphrase, utilisez la commande cryptsetup avec la sous-commande **luksAddKey** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [trainee@centos8 ~]$ su - | + | |
- | Password: fenestros | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cryptsetup luksAddKey / | + | |
- | Enter any existing passphrase: fenestros123456789 | + | |
- | Enter new passphrase for key slot: redhat123456789 | + | |
- | Verify passphrase: redhat123456789 | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round important 60%> | + | |
- | **Important** : Les passphrases ne seront pas en claire. Elle le sont ici pour vous montrer des mots de passe acceptables pour LUKS. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Supprimer une Passphrase=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour supprimer une passphrase, utilisez la commande cryptsetup avec la sous-commande **luksRemoveKey** : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cryptsetup luksRemoveKey / | + | |
- | Enter passphrase to be deleted: redhat123456789 | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Avant de poursuivre, éditez les fichiers **/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vi / | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | + | |
- | + | ||
- | # | + | |
- | # / | + | |
- | # Created by anaconda on Fri May 8 07:35:23 2020 | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # Accessible filesystems, | + | |
- | # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | # After editing this file, run ' | + | |
- | # units generated from this file. | + | |
- | # | + | |
- | UUID=4c0cc28c-0d59-45be-bd73-d292b80be33c / | + | |
- | UUID=2ae4c035-9244-458c-82c5-a49ae169cdb6 /boot | + | |
- | UUID=c8bb3f47-d67f-4b21-b781-766899dc83d4 swap swap defaults | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [root@centos8 ~]# vi / | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# cat / | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Le Swap===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Taille du swap==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le tableau suivant résume la taille du swap recommandée en fonction de la mémoire de la machine : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ^ Mémoire ^ Taille du swap ^ | + | |
- | | 4 Go ou moins | 2 Go | | + | |
- | | 4 Go à 16 Go | 4 Go | | + | |
- | | 16 Go à 64 Go | 8 Go | | + | |
- | | 64 Go à 256 Go | 16 Go | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Partitions de swap==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Une partition de swap peut être créée sur : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * une partition du disque dur | + | |
- | * un RAID logiciel | + | |
- | * un Volume Logique | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====La Commande swapon==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pour préparer un espace de swap, il convient d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | < | + | |
- | [root@centos8 ~]# swapon -s | + | |
- | Filename Type Size Used Priority | + | |
- | ~~PDF: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Version : **2021.01** | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ======LCF504 - Gestion des Disques, des Systèmes de Fichiers et du Swap====== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | =====Contenu du Module===== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * **LCF504 - Gestion des Disques, des Systèmes de Fichiers et du Swap** | + | |
- | * Contenu du Module | + | |
- | * Périphériques de stockage | + | |
- | * Partitions | + | |
- | * Partitionnement | + | |
- | * LAB #1 - Partitionnement de votre Disque avec fdisk | + | |
- | * LAB #2 - Modifier les Drapeaux des Partitions avec fdisk | + | |
- | * Logical Volume Manager (LVM) | + | |
- | * LAB #3 - Volumes Logiques Linéaires | + | |
- | * Physical Volume (PV) | + | |
- | * Volume Group (VG) et Physical Extent (PE) | + | |
- | * Logical Volumes (LV) | + | |
- | * LAB #4 - Étendre un Volume Logique à Chaud | + | |
- | * LAB #5 - Snapshots | + | |
- | * LAB #6 - Suppression des Volumes | + | |
- | * LAB #7 - Volumes Logiques en Miroir | + | |
- | * LAB #8 - Modifier les Attributs LVM | + | |
- | * LAB #9 - Volumes Logiques en Bandes | + | |
- | * LAB #10 - Gérer les Métadonnées | + | |
- | * Systèmes de Fichiers Journalisés | + | |
- | * Présentation | + | |
- | * Ext3 | + | |
- | * Gestion d' | + | |
- | * LAB #11 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext2 | + | |
- | * LAB #12 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext2 en Ext3 | + | |
- | * LAB #13 - Placer le Journal sur un autre Partition | + | |
- | * LAB #14 - Modifier la Fréquence de Vérification du Système de Fichiers Ext3 | + | |
- | * Ext4 | + | |
- | * LAB #15 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Ext4 | + | |
- | * LAB #16 - Ajouter une Étiquette au Système de Fichiers Ext4 | + | |
- | * LAB #17 - Convertir un Système de Fichiers Ext3 en Ext4 | + | |
- | * XFS | + | |
- | * LAB #18 - Créer un Système de Fichiers XFS | + | |
- | * LAB #19 - Ajouter une Étiquette au Système de Fichiers XFS | + | |
- | * Autres Systèmes de Fichiers | + | |
- | * ReiserFS | + | |
- | * JFS | + | |
- | * Btrfs | + | |
- | * Comparaison des Commandes par Système de Fichiers | + | |
- | * LAB #20 - Créer un Système de Fichiers ISO | + | |
- | * La Commande mkisofs | + | |
- | * Systèmes de Fichiers Chiffrés | + | |
- | * LAB #21 - Créer un Système de Fichiers Chiffré avec LUKS | + | |
- | * Présentation | + | |
- | * Mise en Place | + | |
- | * Ajouter une deuxième Passphrase | + | |
- | * Supprimer une Passphrase | + | |
- | * Le Swap | + | |
- | * Taille du swap | + | |
- | * Partitions de swap | + | |
- | * La Commande swapon | + | |
- | * La Commande swapoff | + | |
- | * LAB #22 - Créer un Fichier de Swap | + | |
=====Périphériques de stockage===== | =====Périphériques de stockage===== | ||
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- | < | + | Copyright © 2024 Hugh Norris. |
- | <div align=" | + | |
- | Copyright © 2022 Hugh Norris. | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | </ | + | |
- | + |