Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
| Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
| elearning:linuxbasics:start [2019/10/08 17:41] – admin | elearning:linuxbasics:start [2020/01/30 03:29] (Version actuelle) – modification externe 127.0.0.1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
| + | **Version 2019.10.0** | ||
| + | |||
| Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | Dernière mise-à-jour : ~~LASTMOD~~ | ||
| Ligne 16: | Ligne 18: | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| **Validation des acquis** : Évaluations à l'aide de tests auto-correctifs. | **Validation des acquis** : Évaluations à l'aide de tests auto-correctifs. | ||
| - | \\ | ||
| - | **Type d' | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| **Durée** : 21 heures. | **Durée** : 21 heures. | ||
| Ligne 25: | Ligne 25: | ||
| **Moyens pédagogiques** : Support de cours en ligne téléchargeable au format PDF. | **Moyens pédagogiques** : Support de cours en ligne téléchargeable au format PDF. | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | **Ressources** : Machine virtuelle : RHEL 7, SLES 12, Debian | + | **Ressources** : Machine virtuelle : RHEL 7, SLES 12, Debian |
| =====Prérequis en Salle===== | =====Prérequis en Salle===== | ||
| Ligne 38: | Ligne 38: | ||
| * 8 Go d' | * 8 Go d' | ||
| * Un accès à Internet rapide **sans** passer par un proxy. | * Un accès à Internet rapide **sans** passer par un proxy. | ||
| + | |||
| + | **Important** - Vos postes devraient pouvoir consulter la page web suivante pour visualiser les cours : [[https:// | ||
| N.B. Les stagiaires installeront les logiciels suivants sur les postes : | N.B. Les stagiaires installeront les logiciels suivants sur les postes : | ||
| Ligne 47: | Ligne 49: | ||
| =====Programme===== | =====Programme===== | ||
| - | | + | |
| - | | + | |
| * Linux File Hierarchy System | * Linux File Hierarchy System | ||
| * L' | * L' | ||
| Ligne 55: | Ligne 56: | ||
| * Systèmes de fichiers Unix | * Systèmes de fichiers Unix | ||
| * **Commandes** : mount, umount. | * **Commandes** : mount, umount. | ||
| - | | + | |
| + | * **L' | ||
| * Présentation | * Présentation | ||
| * Lancer et Quitter VI | * Lancer et Quitter VI | ||
| Ligne 67: | Ligne 69: | ||
| * En cas de problème | * En cas de problème | ||
| * **Commandes** : view, vi. | * **Commandes** : view, vi. | ||
| - | | + | |
| + | * **Aide et Documentation** | ||
| * L'aide des commandes | * L'aide des commandes | ||
| * L'aide du shell | * L'aide du shell | ||
| Ligne 76: | Ligne 79: | ||
| * Sites Internet | * Sites Internet | ||
| * **Commandes** : help, man, mandb, whatis, apropos, info. | * **Commandes** : help, man, mandb, whatis, apropos, info. | ||
| - | | + | |
| + | * **Commandes de Base et Outils de Manipulation de Fichiers Textes** | ||
| * Etude des commandes de base | * Etude des commandes de base | ||
| * Options et arguments | * Options et arguments | ||
| Ligne 103: | Ligne 107: | ||
| * La commande wall | * La commande wall | ||
| * **Commandes** : stty, date, who, df, free, whoami, pwd, cd, ls, touch, echo, cp, file, cat, mv, mkdir, rmdir, rm, sort, more, find, su, locate, updatedb, whereis, which, uptime, w, uname, du, lsmod, modprobe, rmmod, modinfo, clear, exit, logout, shutdown, reboot, halt, poweroff, sleep, grep, egrep, fgrep, sed, awk, tr, paste, cut, split, diff, cmp, uniq, patch, strings, comm, od, head, tail, screen, wall. | * **Commandes** : stty, date, who, df, free, whoami, pwd, cd, ls, touch, echo, cp, file, cat, mv, mkdir, rmdir, rm, sort, more, find, su, locate, updatedb, whereis, which, uptime, w, uname, du, lsmod, modprobe, rmmod, modinfo, clear, exit, logout, shutdown, reboot, halt, poweroff, sleep, grep, egrep, fgrep, sed, awk, tr, paste, cut, split, diff, cmp, uniq, patch, strings, comm, od, head, tail, screen, wall. | ||
| - | | + | |
| + | * **La Ligne de Commande** | ||
| * Le Shell | * Le Shell | ||
| * Les Commandes Internes et Externes au shell | * Les Commandes Internes et Externes au shell | ||
| Ligne 131: | Ligne 136: | ||
| * Scripts de Démarrage | * Scripts de Démarrage | ||
| * **Commandes** : type, alias, unalias, chsh, history, wc, tee, set, vi, script, read, test, expr, let, if, case, for, while. | * **Commandes** : type, alias, unalias, chsh, history, wc, tee, set, vi, script, read, test, expr, let, if, case, for, while. | ||
| - | |||
| - | =====Extrait du Support===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | ====Aide et Documentation==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===L' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les commandes externes au shell sont des binaires exécutables ou des scripts, généralement situés dans /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin ou /usr/sbin : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | ifconfig is / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | ifconfig is / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# type ifconfig | ||
| - | ifconfig is / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # type ifconfig | ||
| - | ifconfig is / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | L'aide d'une commande externe au shell peut être visualisé dans la plupart des cas en passant le paramètre **- -help** en argument à la commande en question : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... | ||
| - | or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F | ||
| - | Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. | ||
| - | -0, --null | ||
| - | -a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories | ||
| - | --apparent-size | ||
| - | the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be | ||
| - | larger due to holes in (' | ||
| - | fragmentation, | ||
| - | -B, --block-size=SIZE | ||
| - | ' | ||
| - | see SIZE format below | ||
| - | -b, --bytes | ||
| - | -c, --total | ||
| - | -D, --dereference-args | ||
| - | command line | ||
| - | -d, --max-depth=N | ||
| - | only if it is N or fewer levels below the command | ||
| - | line argument; | ||
| - | --summarize | ||
| - | --files0-from=F | ||
| - | --More-- | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... | ||
| - | or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F | ||
| - | Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. | ||
| - | -0, --null | ||
| - | -a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories | ||
| - | --apparent-size | ||
| - | the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be | ||
| - | larger due to holes in (' | ||
| - | fragmentation, | ||
| - | -B, --block-size=SIZE | ||
| - | ' | ||
| - | see SIZE format below | ||
| - | -b, --bytes | ||
| - | -c, --total | ||
| - | -D, --dereference-args | ||
| - | command line | ||
| - | -d, --max-depth=N | ||
| - | only if it is N or fewer levels below the command | ||
| - | line argument; | ||
| - | --summarize | ||
| - | --files0-from=F | ||
| - | --More-- | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# du --help | more | ||
| - | Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... | ||
| - | or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F | ||
| - | Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. | ||
| - | -0, --null | ||
| - | -a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories | ||
| - | --apparent-size | ||
| - | the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be | ||
| - | larger due to holes in (' | ||
| - | fragmentation, | ||
| - | -B, --block-size=SIZE | ||
| - | ' | ||
| - | see SIZE format below | ||
| - | -b, --bytes | ||
| - | -c, --total | ||
| - | -D, --dereference-args | ||
| - | command line | ||
| - | -d, --max-depth=N | ||
| - | only if it is N or fewer levels below the command | ||
| - | line argument; | ||
| - | --summarize | ||
| - | --files0-from=F | ||
| - | --More-- | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # du --help | more | ||
| - | Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... | ||
| - | or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F | ||
| - | Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. | ||
| - | -0, --null | ||
| - | -a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories | ||
| - | --apparent-size | ||
| - | the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be | ||
| - | larger due to holes in (' | ||
| - | fragmentation, | ||
| - | -B, --block-size=SIZE | ||
| - | ' | ||
| - | see SIZE format below | ||
| - | -b, --bytes | ||
| - | -c, --total | ||
| - | -D, --dereference-args | ||
| - | command line | ||
| - | -d, --max-depth=N | ||
| - | only if it is N or fewer levels below the command | ||
| - | line argument; | ||
| - | --summarize | ||
| - | --files0-from=F | ||
| - | --More-- | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Cependant dans certains cas, cette option n'est pas admise : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | -su: type: --: invalid option | ||
| - | type: usage: type [-afptP] name [name ...] | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | -su: type: --: invalid option | ||
| - | type: usage: type [-afptP] name [name ...] | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# type --help | ||
| - | -bash: type: --: invalid option | ||
| - | type: usage: type [-afptP] name [name ...] | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # type --help | ||
| - | -bash: type: --: invalid option | ||
| - | type: usage: type [-afptP] name [name ...] | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===L' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les commandes internes au shell sont des commandes telles **type**, **cd** ou **umask**. Pour vérifier le type de commande, il faut utiliser la commande **type** : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | type is a shell builtin | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | type is a shell builtin | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# type type | ||
| - | type is a shell builtin | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # type type | ||
| - | type is a shell builtin | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Le shell possède la commande **help**. Utilisée seule, cette commande fournit la liste des commandes internes : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | GNU bash, version 4.3.30(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) | ||
| - | These shell commands are defined internally. | ||
| - | Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name' | ||
| - | Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. | ||
| - | Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. | ||
| - | |||
| - | A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. | ||
| - | |||
| - | | ||
| - | (( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMAND> | ||
| - | . filename [arguments] | ||
| - | : | ||
| - | [ arg... ] let arg [arg ...] | ||
| - | [[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ... | ||
| - | alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] logout [n] | ||
| - | bg [job_spec ...] | ||
| - | bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename] > popd [-n] [+N | -N] | ||
| - | break [n] | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMA> | ||
| - | cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir] readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count> | ||
| - | | ||
| - | --More-- | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | GNU bash, version 4.3.42(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) | ||
| - | These shell commands are defined internally. | ||
| - | Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name' | ||
| - | Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. | ||
| - | Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. | ||
| - | |||
| - | A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. | ||
| - | |||
| - | | ||
| - | (( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMAN> | ||
| - | . filename [arguments] | ||
| - | : | ||
| - | [ arg... ] let arg [arg ...] | ||
| - | [[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ... | ||
| - | alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] | ||
| - | bg [job_spec ...] mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count]> | ||
| - | bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f filename]> | ||
| - | break [n] printf [-v var] format [arguments] | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMM> | ||
| - | cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir] | ||
| - | | ||
| - | --More-- | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# help | more | ||
| - | GNU bash, version 4.2.46(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) | ||
| - | These shell commands are defined internally. | ||
| - | Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name' | ||
| - | Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. | ||
| - | Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. | ||
| - | |||
| - | A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. | ||
| - | |||
| - | | ||
| - | (( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS;> | ||
| - | . filename [arguments] | ||
| - | : | ||
| - | [ arg... ] let arg [arg ...] | ||
| - | [[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ... | ||
| - | alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] logout [n] | ||
| - | bg [job_spec ...] | ||
| - | bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q> | ||
| - | break [n] | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND> | ||
| - | cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir] | ||
| - | | ||
| - | --More-- | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # help | more | ||
| - | GNU bash, version 4.2.47(1)-release (x86_64-suse-linux-gnu) | ||
| - | These shell commands are defined internally. | ||
| - | Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name' | ||
| - | Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. | ||
| - | Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. | ||
| - | |||
| - | A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. | ||
| - | |||
| - | | ||
| - | (( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; > | ||
| - | . filename [arguments] | ||
| - | : | ||
| - | [ arg... ] let arg [arg ...] | ||
| - | [[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ... | ||
| - | alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] | ||
| - | bg [job_spec ...] mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t> | ||
| - | bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q > popd [-n] [+N | -N] | ||
| - | break [n] printf [-v var] format [arguments] | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS> | ||
| - | cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir] readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [> | ||
| - | | ||
| - | --More-- | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | L'aide concernant une commande spécifique peut être obtenu en passant la commande concernée en argument à la commande **help** : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | type: type [-afptP] name [name ...] | ||
| - | Display information about command type. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a | ||
| - | command name. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Options: | ||
| - | -a display all locations containing an executable named NAME; | ||
| - | includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if | ||
| - | the `-p' option is not also used | ||
| - | -f suppress shell function lookup | ||
| - | -P force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias, | ||
| - | builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file | ||
| - | that would be executed | ||
| - | -p returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed, | ||
| - | or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file' | ||
| - | -t output a single word which is one of `alias', | ||
| - | `function', | ||
| - | reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not | ||
| - | found, respectively | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Arguments: | ||
| - | NAME Command name to be interpreted. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Exit Status: | ||
| - | Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | type: type [-afptP] name [name ...] | ||
| - | Display information about command type. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a | ||
| - | command name. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Options: | ||
| - | -a display all locations containing an executable named NAME; | ||
| - | includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if | ||
| - | the `-p' option is not also used | ||
| - | -f suppress shell function lookup | ||
| - | -P force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias, | ||
| - | builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file | ||
| - | that would be executed | ||
| - | -p returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed, | ||
| - | or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file' | ||
| - | -t output a single word which is one of `alias', | ||
| - | `function', | ||
| - | reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not | ||
| - | found, respectively | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Arguments: | ||
| - | NAME Command name to be interpreted. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Exit Status: | ||
| - | Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# help type | ||
| - | type: type [-afptP] name [name ...] | ||
| - | Display information about command type. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a | ||
| - | command name. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Options: | ||
| - | -a display all locations containing an executable named NAME; | ||
| - | includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if | ||
| - | the `-p' option is not also used | ||
| - | -f suppress shell function lookup | ||
| - | -P force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias, | ||
| - | builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file | ||
| - | that would be executed | ||
| - | -p returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed, | ||
| - | or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file' | ||
| - | -t output a single word which is one of `alias', | ||
| - | `function', | ||
| - | reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not | ||
| - | found, respectively | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Arguments: | ||
| - | NAME Command name to be interpreted. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Exit Status: | ||
| - | Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found. | ||
| - | typeset: typeset [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] name[=value] ... | ||
| - | Set variable values and attributes. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Obsolete. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # help type | ||
| - | type: type [-afptP] name [name ...] | ||
| - | Display information about command type. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a | ||
| - | command name. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Options: | ||
| - | -a display all locations containing an executable named NAME; | ||
| - | includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if | ||
| - | the `-p' option is not also used | ||
| - | -f suppress shell function lookup | ||
| - | -P force a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias, | ||
| - | builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file | ||
| - | that would be executed | ||
| - | -p returns either the name of the disk file that would be executed, | ||
| - | or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file' | ||
| - | -t output a single word which is one of `alias', | ||
| - | `function', | ||
| - | reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not | ||
| - | found, respectively | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Arguments: | ||
| - | NAME Command name to be interpreted. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Exit Status: | ||
| - | Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found. | ||
| - | typeset: typeset [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] name[=value] ... | ||
| - | Set variable values and attributes. | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Obsolete. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===La Commande man=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | La commande man donne accès au manuel de la commande passé en argument. Par exemple **man help** sous RHEL/CentOS 7 et SLES 12 : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | BASH_BUILTINS(1) | ||
| - | |||
| - | NAME | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | bash built-in commands, see bash(1) | ||
| - | |||
| - | BASH BUILTIN COMMANDS | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | : [arguments] | ||
| - | No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding arguments | ||
| - | any specified redirections. | ||
| - | |||
| - | . filename [arguments] | ||
| - | | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Par contre dans certains cas, comme sous Debian 8 et Ubuntu 16.04 LTS avec la commande **help**, le manuel n'est pas disponible : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | No manual entry for help | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | No manual entry for help | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Une page de manuel peut contenir plusieurs sections : | ||
| - | |||
| - | ^ Section ^ Contenu ^ | ||
| - | | NOM | Nom et rôle de la commande | | ||
| - | | SYNOPSIS | Syntaxe de la commande, paramètres et arguments | | ||
| - | | DESCRIPTION | Mode d' | ||
| - | | OPTIONS | Descriptions détaillées de chaque paramètre | | ||
| - | | EXEMPLES / EXAMPLES | Exemples d' | ||
| - | | ENVIRONNEMENT / ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | Fonctionnement selon l' | ||
| - | | CONFORMITÉ / STANDARDS / CONFORMING TO | Éventuelles normes auxquelles la commande se conforme | | ||
| - | | BOGUES / BUGS/TO DO | Éventuelles bogues connues | | ||
| - | | DIAGNOSTICS/ | ||
| - | | VOIR AUSSI / SEE ALSO | Commandes liées à celle du manuel actuel | | ||
| - | |||
| - | La navigation dans la page de manuel se fait grâce à l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ^ Touche ^ Fonction ^ | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | |||
| - | Un manuel complet est fait de plusieurs sections : | ||
| - | |||
| - | ^ Section ^ Contenu ^ | ||
| - | | 1 | Instructions exécutables ou commandes shell | | ||
| - | | 2 | Appels système | | ||
| - | | 3 | Appels des bibliothèques | | ||
| - | | 4 | Fichiers spéciaux | | ||
| - | | 5 | Format des fichiers | | ||
| - | | 6 | Jeux, économiseurs d' | ||
| - | | 7 | Divers et commandes non standard | | ||
| - | | 8 | Commandes d' | ||
| - | | 9 | Sous-programmes du noyau | | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les différentes sections disponibles sont visibles grâce à l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | passwd: / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | passwd: / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# whereis passwd | ||
| - | passwd: / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # whereis passwd | ||
| - | passwd: / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Pour visualiser une section spécifique, | ||
| - | |||
| - | $ man 5 passwd [Entrée] | ||
| - | |||
| - | L' | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | exim4_passwd (5) - Files in use by the Debian exim4 packages | ||
| - | exim4_passwd_client (5) - Files in use by the Debian exim4 packages | ||
| - | gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group and / | ||
| - | grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB | ||
| - | lppasswd (1) - add, change, or delete digest passwords. | ||
| - | mkpasswd (1) - Overfeatured front end to crypt(3) | ||
| - | pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd | ||
| - | passwd (1) - change user password | ||
| - | passwd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (5) - the password file | ||
| - | update-passwd (8) - safely update / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | fgetpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | getpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group and / | ||
| - | grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB | ||
| - | pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd | ||
| - | passwd (1) - change user password | ||
| - | passwd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (5) - the password file | ||
| - | passwd2des (3) - RFS password encryption | ||
| - | update-passwd (8) - safely update / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# man -k passwd | ||
| - | chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | fgetpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | getpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group and / | ||
| - | grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - Generate a PBKDF2 password hash. | ||
| - | kpasswd (1) - change a user's Kerberos password | ||
| - | lpasswd (1) - Change group or user password | ||
| - | lppasswd (1) - add, change, or delete digest passwords. | ||
| - | pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd | ||
| - | passwd (1) - update user's authentication tokens | ||
| - | sslpasswd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (5) - password file | ||
| - | passwd2des (3) - RFS password encryption | ||
| - | pwhistory_helper (8) - Helper binary that transfers password hashes from passwd or shadow to ... | ||
| - | smbpasswd (5) - The Samba encrypted password file | ||
| - | smbpasswd (8) - change a user's SMB password | ||
| - | userpasswd (1) - A graphical tool to allow users to change their passwords. | ||
| - | vncpasswd (1) - change the VNC password | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # man -k passwd | ||
| - | chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | Crypt:: | ||
| - | fgetpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | getpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group | ||
| - | grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB | ||
| - | ldappasswd (1) - change the password of an LDAP entry | ||
| - | lppasswd (1) - add, change, or delete digest passwords. | ||
| - | opiepasswd (1) - Change or set a user's password for the OPIE authentication system. | ||
| - | pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd | ||
| - | passwd (1) - change user password | ||
| - | passwd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (5) - password file | ||
| - | passwd2des (3) - RFS password encryption | ||
| - | saslpasswd2 (8) - set a user's sasl password | ||
| - | smbpasswd (5) - The Samba encrypted password file | ||
| - | smbpasswd (8) - change a user's SMB password | ||
| - | vncpasswd (1) - change the VNC password | ||
| - | yppasswd (1) - change your password in the NIS database | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Le résultat est une liste de commandes suivies par une description brève de celles-ci. | ||
| - | |||
| - | <WRAP center round important> | ||
| - | **Important** - Notez que les numéros entre parenthèses indiquent les sections disponibles. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Options de la commande== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les options de cette commande sont : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | Usage: man [OPTION...] [SECTION] PAGE... | ||
| - | |||
| - | -C, --config-file=FILE | ||
| - | -d, --debug | ||
| - | -D, --default | ||
| - | --warnings[=WARNINGS] | ||
| - | |||
| - | Main modes of operation: | ||
| - | -f, --whatis | ||
| - | -k, --apropos | ||
| - | -K, --global-apropos | ||
| - | -l, --local-file | ||
| - | -w, --where, --path, --location | ||
| - | print physical location of man page(s) | ||
| - | -W, --where-cat, | ||
| - | print physical location of cat file(s) | ||
| - | |||
| - | -c, --catman | ||
| - | -R, --recode=ENCODING | ||
| - | |||
| - | | ||
| - | -L, --locale=LOCALE | ||
| - | -m, --systems=SYSTEM | ||
| - | -M, --manpath=PATH | ||
| - | |||
| - | -S, -s, --sections=LIST | ||
| - | |||
| - | -e, --extension=EXTENSION | ||
| - | |||
| - | -i, --ignore-case | ||
| - | -I, --match-case | ||
| - | |||
| - | --regex | ||
| - | --wildcard | ||
| - | |||
| - | --names-only | ||
| - | not descriptions | ||
| - | |||
| - | -a, --all find all matching manual pages | ||
| - | -u, --update | ||
| - | |||
| - | --no-subpages | ||
| - | | ||
| - | |||
| - | | ||
| - | -P, --pager=PAGER | ||
| - | -r, --prompt=STRING | ||
| - | |||
| - | -7, --ascii | ||
| - | -E, --encoding=ENCODING | ||
| - | --no-hyphenation, | ||
| - | --no-justification, | ||
| - | -p, --preprocessor=STRING | ||
| - | e - [n]eqn, p - pic, t - tbl, | ||
| - | g - grap, r - refer, v - vgrind | ||
| - | |||
| - | -t, --troff | ||
| - | -T, --troff-device[=DEVICE] | ||
| - | |||
| - | -H, --html[=BROWSER] | ||
| - | -X, --gxditview[=RESOLUTION] | ||
| - | | ||
| - | -X = -TX75, -X100 = -TX100, -X100-12 = -TX100-12 | ||
| - | -Z, --ditroff | ||
| - | |||
| - | -?, --help | ||
| - | --usage | ||
| - | -V, --version | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional | ||
| - | for any corresponding short options. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Report bugs to cjwatson@debian.org. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===La Commande apropos=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | La commande **apropos** cherche dans la base de données **whatis** la chaine de caractères passée en argument à la commande. Sans option, la sortie obtenue est identique à la commande **man -k** : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | exim4_passwd (5) - Files in use by the Debian exim4 packages | ||
| - | exim4_passwd_client (5) - Files in use by the Debian exim4 packages | ||
| - | gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group and / | ||
| - | grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB | ||
| - | lppasswd (1) - add, change, or delete digest passwords. | ||
| - | mkpasswd (1) - Overfeatured front end to crypt(3) | ||
| - | pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd | ||
| - | passwd (1) - change user password | ||
| - | passwd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (5) - the password file | ||
| - | update-passwd (8) - safely update / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | fgetpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | getpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group and / | ||
| - | grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB | ||
| - | pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd | ||
| - | passwd (1) - change user password | ||
| - | passwd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (5) - the password file | ||
| - | passwd2des (3) - RFS password encryption | ||
| - | update-passwd (8) - safely update / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# apropos passwd | ||
| - | chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | fgetpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | getpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group and / | ||
| - | grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - Generate a PBKDF2 password hash. | ||
| - | kpasswd (1) - change a user's Kerberos password | ||
| - | lpasswd (1) - Change group or user password | ||
| - | lppasswd (1) - add, change, or delete digest passwords. | ||
| - | pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd | ||
| - | passwd (1) - update user's authentication tokens | ||
| - | sslpasswd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (5) - password file | ||
| - | passwd2des (3) - RFS password encryption | ||
| - | pwhistory_helper (8) - Helper binary that transfers password hashes from passwd or shadow to ... | ||
| - | smbpasswd (5) - The Samba encrypted password file | ||
| - | smbpasswd (8) - change a user's SMB password | ||
| - | userpasswd (1) - A graphical tool to allow users to change their passwords. | ||
| - | vncpasswd (1) - change the VNC password | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # apropos passwd | ||
| - | chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode | ||
| - | Crypt:: | ||
| - | fgetpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | getpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly | ||
| - | gpasswd (1) - administer /etc/group | ||
| - | grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 (1) - generate hashed password for GRUB | ||
| - | ldappasswd (1) - change the password of an LDAP entry | ||
| - | lppasswd (1) - add, change, or delete digest passwords. | ||
| - | opiepasswd (1) - Change or set a user's password for the OPIE authentication system. | ||
| - | pam_localuser (8) - require users to be listed in /etc/passwd | ||
| - | passwd (1) - change user password | ||
| - | passwd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (5) - password file | ||
| - | passwd2des (3) - RFS password encryption | ||
| - | saslpasswd2 (8) - set a user's sasl password | ||
| - | smbpasswd (5) - The Samba encrypted password file | ||
| - | smbpasswd (8) - change a user's SMB password | ||
| - | vncpasswd (1) - change the VNC password | ||
| - | yppasswd (1) - change your password in the NIS database | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Options de la commande== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les options de cette commande sont : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | Usage: apropos [OPTION...] KEYWORD... | ||
| - | |||
| - | -d, --debug | ||
| - | -v, --verbose | ||
| - | -e, --exact | ||
| - | -r, --regex | ||
| - | -w, --wildcard | ||
| - | -a, --and require all keywords to match | ||
| - | -l, --long | ||
| - | -C, --config-file=FILE | ||
| - | -L, --locale=LOCALE | ||
| - | -m, --systems=SYSTEM | ||
| - | -M, --manpath=PATH | ||
| - | -s, --sections=LIST, | ||
| - | | ||
| - | -?, --help | ||
| - | --usage | ||
| - | -V, --version | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional | ||
| - | for any corresponding short options. | ||
| - | |||
| - | The --regex option is enabled by default. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Report bugs to cjwatson@debian.org. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Les Commandes makewhatis et whatis sous RHEL/CentOS 6.6=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Chaque page de manuel contient une brève description. Ces descriptions ainsi que le nom du manuel sont stockés dans la base de données **whatis**. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Cette base de données peut être maintenue manuellement par root en invoquant l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | L' | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos6 ~]# makewhatis | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | La commande **whatis** peut maintenant être utilisée pour identifier les sections des manuels disponibles pour une commande donnée : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos6 ~]# whatis passwd | ||
| - | passwd | ||
| - | passwd | ||
| - | passwd [sslpasswd] | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Options des commandes== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les options de la commande **makewhatis** sont : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos6 ~]# makewhatis --help | ||
| - | Usage: makewhatis [-s sections] [-u] [-v] [-w] [manpath] [-c [catpath]] [-o whatisdb] | ||
| - | This will build the whatis database for the man pages | ||
| - | found in manpath and the cat pages found in catpath. | ||
| - | -s: sections (default: 1 1p 8 2 3 3p 4 5 6 7 9 0p n l p o 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x 7x 8x) | ||
| - | -u: update database with pages added today | ||
| - | -U: update database with pages added since last makewhatis run | ||
| - | -v: verbose | ||
| - | -o: location of whatis database (default: / | ||
| - | -w: use manpath obtained from `man --path` | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les options de la commande **whatis** sont : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos ~]# whatis --help | ||
| - | usage: whatis keyword ... | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Les Commandes mandb et whatis sous RHEL/CentOS 7, Debian 6, 7 et 8, SLES 11 et 12, Ubuntu 14.04 et 16.04=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Sous RHEL/CentOS 7, Debian 6, 7 et 8, SLES 11 et 12, Ubuntu 14.04 et 16.04, la base de données peut être maintenue manuellement par root en invoquant l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | L' | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | ... | ||
| - | 0 man subdirectories contained newer manual pages. | ||
| - | 0 manual pages were added. | ||
| - | 0 stray cats were added. | ||
| - | 0 old database entries were purged. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | ... | ||
| - | 0 man subdirectories contained newer manual pages. | ||
| - | 0 manual pages were added. | ||
| - | 0 stray cats were added. | ||
| - | 0 old database entries were purged. | ||
| - | |||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# mandb | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | mandb: warning: / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | ... | ||
| - | 0 man subdirectories contained newer manual pages. | ||
| - | 0 manual pages were added. | ||
| - | 0 stray cats were added. | ||
| - | 0 old database entries were purged. | ||
| - | |||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # mandb | ||
| - | mandb: warning: $MANPATH set, ignoring / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | Purging old database entries in / | ||
| - | Processing manual pages under / | ||
| - | ... | ||
| - | 10 man subdirectories contained newer manual pages. | ||
| - | 0 manual pages were added. | ||
| - | 0 stray cats were added. | ||
| - | 0 old database entries were purged. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | La commande **whatis** peut maintenant être utilisée pour identifier les sections des manuels disponibles pour une commande donnée : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | passwd (1) - change user password | ||
| - | passwd (5) - the password file | ||
| - | passwd (1ssl) | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | passwd (1) - change user password | ||
| - | passwd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (5) - the password file | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# whatis passwd | ||
| - | sslpasswd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (1) - update user's authentication tokens | ||
| - | passwd (5) - password file | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # whatis passwd | ||
| - | passwd (1ssl) | ||
| - | passwd (1) - change user password | ||
| - | passwd (5) - password file | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Options des commandes== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les options de la commande **mandb** sont : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | Usage: mandb [OPTION...] [MANPATH] | ||
| - | |||
| - | -c, --create | ||
| - | -C, --config-file=FILE | ||
| - | -d, --debug | ||
| - | -f, --filename=FILENAME | ||
| - | -p, --no-purge | ||
| - | -q, --quiet | ||
| - | -s, --no-straycats | ||
| - | -t, --test | ||
| - | -u, --user-db | ||
| - | -?, --help | ||
| - | --usage | ||
| - | -V, --version | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional | ||
| - | for any corresponding short options. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Report bugs to cjwatson@debian.org. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les options de la commande **whatis** sont : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | Usage: whatis [OPTION...] KEYWORD... | ||
| - | |||
| - | -d, --debug | ||
| - | -v, --verbose | ||
| - | -r, --regex | ||
| - | -w, --wildcard | ||
| - | -l, --long | ||
| - | -C, --config-file=FILE | ||
| - | -L, --locale=LOCALE | ||
| - | -m, --systems=SYSTEM | ||
| - | -M, --manpath=PATH | ||
| - | -s, --sections=LIST, | ||
| - | | ||
| - | -?, --help | ||
| - | --usage | ||
| - | -V, --version | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional | ||
| - | for any corresponding short options. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Report bugs to cjwatson@debian.org. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===La Commande info=== | ||
| - | |||
| - | En plus du système des manuels, des informations concernant des exécutables peuvent être trouvées dans le système **info**. De l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dans le système **info**, de multiples pages d' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Afin de faciliter la navigation chaque page contient une entête qui inclut de l' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ^ Touch ^ Fonction ^ | ||
| - | | n | Nœud suivant. | | ||
| - | | p | Nœud précédent. | | ||
| - | | u | Nœud parent. | | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | b | Retour au début du nœud courant. | | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | m < | ||
| - | | < | ||
| - | | q | Quitter le système **info**. | | ||
| - | |||
| - | Pour accéder au premier nœud, utilisez la commande suivante : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | ... | ||
| - | File: dir, Node: Top This is the top of the INFO tree | ||
| - | |||
| - | This (the Directory node) gives a menu of major topics. | ||
| - | Typing " | ||
| - | " | ||
| - | " | ||
| - | |||
| - | In Emacs, you can click mouse button 2 on a menu item or cross reference | ||
| - | to select it. | ||
| - | |||
| - | * Menu: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Basics | ||
| - | * Common options: (coreutils)Common options. | ||
| - | * Coreutils: (coreutils). | ||
| - | * Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats. | ||
| - | * File permissions: | ||
| - | Access modes. | ||
| - | * Finding files: (find). | ||
| - | |||
| - | Compression | ||
| - | * Gzip: (gzip). | ||
| - | -----Info: (dir)Top, 197 lines --Top-------------------------------------------------------- | ||
| - | Welcome to Info version 5.2. Type h for help, m for menu item. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | ... | ||
| - | File: dir, Node: Top, This is the top of the INFO tree. | ||
| - | |||
| - | This is the Info main menu (aka directory node). | ||
| - | A few useful Info commands: | ||
| - | |||
| - | ' | ||
| - | '?' | ||
| - | ' | ||
| - | ' | ||
| - | |||
| - | * Menu: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Basics | ||
| - | * Common options: (coreutils)Common options. | ||
| - | * Coreutils: (coreutils). | ||
| - | * Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats. | ||
| - | * Ed: (ed). The GNU line editor | ||
| - | * File permissions: | ||
| - | Access modes. | ||
| - | * Finding files: (find). | ||
| - | |||
| - | C++ libraries | ||
| - | -----Info: (dir)Top, 254 lines --Top------------------------------------------------------- | ||
| - | Welcome to Info version 6.1. Type H for help, h for tutorial. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# info | ||
| - | ... | ||
| - | File: dir Node: Top This is the top of the INFO tree | ||
| - | |||
| - | This (the Directory node) gives a menu of major topics. | ||
| - | Typing " | ||
| - | " | ||
| - | " | ||
| - | |||
| - | In Emacs, you can click mouse button 2 on a menu item or cross reference | ||
| - | to select it. | ||
| - | |||
| - | * Menu: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Archiving | ||
| - | * Cpio: (cpio). | ||
| - | * Tar: (tar). | ||
| - | |||
| - | Basics | ||
| - | * Common options: (coreutils)Common options. | ||
| - | * Coreutils: (coreutils). | ||
| - | * Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats. | ||
| - | * File permissions: | ||
| - | Access modes. | ||
| - | -----Info: (dir)Top, 2027 lines --Top----------------------------------------------------------- | ||
| - | Welcome to Info version 5.1. Type h for help, m for menu item. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # info | ||
| - | ... | ||
| - | File: dir, Node: Top This is the top of the INFO tree | ||
| - | |||
| - | This (the Directory node) gives a menu of major topics. | ||
| - | Typing " | ||
| - | " | ||
| - | " | ||
| - | |||
| - | In Emacs, you can click mouse button 2 on a menu item or cross reference | ||
| - | to select it. | ||
| - | |||
| - | * Menu: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Archiving | ||
| - | * Cpio: (cpio). | ||
| - | * Shar utilities: (sharutils). | ||
| - | * Tar: (tar). | ||
| - | |||
| - | Basics | ||
| - | * Bash: (bash). | ||
| - | * Common options: (coreutils)Common options. | ||
| - | * Coreutils: (coreutils). | ||
| - | * Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats. | ||
| - | -----Info: (dir)Top, 321 lines --Top-------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
| - | Welcome to Info version 4.13. Type h for help, m for menu item. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Notez la différence de versions entre les distributions : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | info (GNU texinfo) 5.2 | ||
| - | |||
| - | Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
| - | License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later < | ||
| - | This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. | ||
| - | There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | info (GNU texinfo) 6.1 | ||
| - | |||
| - | Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
| - | License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later < | ||
| - | This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. | ||
| - | There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# info -O --version | ||
| - | info (GNU texinfo) 5.1 | ||
| - | |||
| - | Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
| - | License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later < | ||
| - | This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. | ||
| - | There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # info -O --version | ||
| - | info (GNU texinfo) 4.13 | ||
| - | |||
| - | Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
| - | License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later < | ||
| - | This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. | ||
| - | There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Options de la commande== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Les options de cette commande sont : | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@debian8: | ||
| - | Usage: info [OPTION]... [MENU-ITEM...] | ||
| - | |||
| - | Read documentation in Info format. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Options: | ||
| - | -a, --all use all matching manuals. | ||
| - | -k, --apropos=STRING | ||
| - | -d, --directory=DIR | ||
| - | --dribble=FILE | ||
| - | -f, --file=MANUAL | ||
| - | -h, --help | ||
| - | --index-search=STRING | ||
| - | -n, --node=NODENAME | ||
| - | -o, --output=FILE | ||
| - | -R, --raw-escapes | ||
| - | --no-raw-escapes | ||
| - | --restore=FILE | ||
| - | -O, --show-options, | ||
| - | --strict-node-location | ||
| - | --subnodes | ||
| - | -v, --variable VAR=VALUE | ||
| - | --vi-keys | ||
| - | --version | ||
| - | -w, --where, --location | ||
| - | -x, --debug=NUMBER | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | The first non-option argument, if present, is the menu entry to start from; | ||
| - | it is searched for in all `dir' files along INFOPATH. | ||
| - | If it is not present, info merges all `dir' files and shows the result. | ||
| - | Any remaining arguments are treated as the names of menu | ||
| - | items relative to the initial node visited. | ||
| - | |||
| - | For a summary of key bindings, type h within Info. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Examples: | ||
| - | info show top-level dir menu | ||
| - | info info show the general manual for Info readers | ||
| - | info info-stnd | ||
| - | info emacs start at emacs node from top-level dir | ||
| - | info emacs buffers | ||
| - | info --show-options emacs start at node with emacs' command line options | ||
| - | info --subnodes -o out.txt emacs dump entire manual to out.txt | ||
| - | info -f ./ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Email bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org, | ||
| - | general questions and discussion to help-texinfo@gnu.org. | ||
| - | Texinfo home page: http:// | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@ubuntu1604: | ||
| - | Usage: info [OPTION]... [MENU-ITEM...] | ||
| - | |||
| - | Read documentation in Info format. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Options: | ||
| - | -a, --all use all matching manuals. | ||
| - | -k, --apropos=STRING | ||
| - | -d, --directory=DIR | ||
| - | --dribble=FILE | ||
| - | -f, --file=MANUAL | ||
| - | -h, --help | ||
| - | --index-search=STRING | ||
| - | -n, --node=NODENAME | ||
| - | -o, --output=FILE | ||
| - | -R, --raw-escapes | ||
| - | --no-raw-escapes | ||
| - | --restore=FILE | ||
| - | -O, --show-options, | ||
| - | --strict-node-location | ||
| - | --subnodes | ||
| - | -v, --variable VAR=VALUE | ||
| - | --vi-keys | ||
| - | --version | ||
| - | -w, --where, --location | ||
| - | -x, --debug=NUMBER | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | The first non-option argument, if present, is the menu entry to start from; | ||
| - | it is searched for in all ' | ||
| - | If it is not present, info merges all ' | ||
| - | Any remaining arguments are treated as the names of menu | ||
| - | items relative to the initial node visited. | ||
| - | |||
| - | For a summary of key bindings, type H within Info. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Examples: | ||
| - | info show top-level dir menu | ||
| - | info info show the general manual for Info readers | ||
| - | info info-stnd | ||
| - | info emacs start at emacs node from top-level dir | ||
| - | info emacs buffers | ||
| - | info emacs -n Files start at Files node within emacs manual | ||
| - | info ' | ||
| - | info --show-options emacs start at node with emacs' command line options | ||
| - | info --subnodes -o out.txt emacs dump entire manual to out.txt | ||
| - | info -f ./ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Email bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org, | ||
| - | general questions and discussion to help-texinfo@gnu.org. | ||
| - | Texinfo home page: http:// | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@centos7 ~]# info --help | ||
| - | Usage: info [OPTION]... [MENU-ITEM...] | ||
| - | |||
| - | Read documentation in Info format. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Options: | ||
| - | -k, --apropos=STRING | ||
| - | -d, --directory=DIR | ||
| - | --dribble=FILENAME | ||
| - | -f, --file=FILENAME | ||
| - | -h, --help | ||
| - | --index-search=STRING | ||
| - | -n, --node=NODENAME | ||
| - | -o, --output=FILENAME | ||
| - | -R, --raw-escapes | ||
| - | --no-raw-escapes | ||
| - | --restore=FILENAME | ||
| - | -O, --show-options, | ||
| - | --strict-node-location | ||
| - | --subnodes | ||
| - | --vi-keys | ||
| - | --version | ||
| - | -w, --where, --location | ||
| - | |||
| - | The first non-option argument, if present, is the menu entry to start from; | ||
| - | it is searched for in all `dir' files along INFOPATH. | ||
| - | If it is not present, info merges all `dir' files and shows the result. | ||
| - | Any remaining arguments are treated as the names of menu | ||
| - | items relative to the initial node visited. | ||
| - | |||
| - | For a summary of key bindings, type h within Info. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Examples: | ||
| - | info show top-level dir menu | ||
| - | info info show the general manual for Info readers | ||
| - | info info-stnd | ||
| - | info emacs start at emacs node from top-level dir | ||
| - | info emacs buffers | ||
| - | info --show-options emacs start at node with emacs' command line options | ||
| - | info --subnodes -o out.txt emacs dump entire manual to out.txt | ||
| - | info -f ./ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Email bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org, | ||
| - | general questions and discussion to help-texinfo@gnu.org. | ||
| - | Texinfo home page: http:// | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | SLES12SP1:~ # info --help | ||
| - | Usage: info [OPTION]... [MENU-ITEM...] | ||
| - | |||
| - | Read documentation in Info format. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Options: | ||
| - | -k, --apropos=STRING | ||
| - | -d, --directory=DIR | ||
| - | --dribble=FILENAME | ||
| - | -f, --file=FILENAME | ||
| - | -h, --help | ||
| - | --index-search=STRING | ||
| - | -n, --node=NODENAME | ||
| - | -o, --output=FILENAME | ||
| - | -R, --raw-escapes | ||
| - | --no-raw-escapes | ||
| - | --restore=FILENAME | ||
| - | -O, --show-options, | ||
| - | --subnodes | ||
| - | --vi-keys | ||
| - | --version | ||
| - | -w, --where, --location | ||
| - | |||
| - | The first non-option argument, if present, is the menu entry to start from; | ||
| - | it is searched for in all `dir' files along INFOPATH. | ||
| - | If it is not present, info merges all `dir' files and shows the result. | ||
| - | Any remaining arguments are treated as the names of menu | ||
| - | items relative to the initial node visited. | ||
| - | |||
| - | For a summary of key bindings, type h within Info. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Examples: | ||
| - | info show top-level dir menu | ||
| - | info info show the general manual for Info readers | ||
| - | info info-stnd | ||
| - | info emacs start at emacs node from top-level dir | ||
| - | info emacs buffers | ||
| - | info --show-options emacs start at node with emacs' command line options | ||
| - | info --subnodes -o out.txt emacs dump entire manual to out.txt | ||
| - | info -f ./ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Email bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org, | ||
| - | general questions and discussion to help-texinfo@gnu.org. | ||
| - | Texinfo home page: http:// | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| ----- | ----- | ||
| < | < | ||
| <div align=" | <div align=" | ||
| - | Copyright © 2004-2017 | + | Copyright © 2019 Hugh Norris. |
| - | <a rel=" | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| </ | </ | ||
